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Elkattawy S, Alyacoub R, Singh KS, Fichadiya H, Kessler W. Prothrombin G20210A Gene Mutation-Induced Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: Case Report and Literature Review. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2022; 10:23247096211058486. [PMID: 35426321 PMCID: PMC9016586 DOI: 10.1177/23247096211058486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited thrombophilia is an important cause of venous thrombosis. The Factor V
Leiden (FVL) is the most commonly encountered mutation, followed by the
prothrombin G20210A gene mutation (PTM). The typical venous thrombotic events
(VTEs) associated with PTM mutations are deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and
pulmonary embolisms (PE). The PTM is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern
with variable penetrance. While heterozygous PTM mutations are more frequent and
well documented in the literature, rare cases of homozygous PTM mutations are
also reported. In this report, we discuss a 56-year-old male with a past medical
history of homozygous prothrombin gene mutation (G20210A) who presented with an
unprovoked DVT of the right lower extremity involving both the proximal and
distal veins associated with multiple bilateral PEs. This case is unique in
terms of the homozygous PTM inheritance, the age at which the patient presented
(usually presentation is earlier in life), and the fact that he had a recurrence
of both DVT and PE simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Elkattawy
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School/Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, USA
| | - Ramez Alyacoub
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School/Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, USA
| | | | - Hardik Fichadiya
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School/Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, USA
| | - William Kessler
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School/Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, USA
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Tayer-Shifman OE, Bingham KS, Touma Z. Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Older Adults: Diagnosis and Management. Drugs Aging 2021; 39:129-142. [PMID: 34913146 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-021-00911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem chronic autoimmune disease with variable clinical manifestations. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) includes the neurologic syndromes of the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system and the psychiatric syndromes observed in patients with SLE. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus events may present as an initial manifestation of SLE or may be diagnosed later in the course of the disease. Older adults with NPLSE include those who are ageing with known SLE and those with late-onset SLE. The diagnosis of NPSLE across the lifespan continues to be hampered by the lack of sensitive and specific laboratory and imaging biomarkers. In this review, we discuss the particular complexity of NPSLE diagnosis and management in older adults. We first discuss the epidemiology of late-onset NPSLE, then review principles of diagnosis of NPSLE, highlighting issues that are pertinent to older adults and that make diagnosis and attribution more challenging, such as atypical disease presentation, higher medical comorbidity, and differences in neuroimaging and autoantibody investigations. We also discuss clinical issues that are of particular relevance to older adults that have a high degree of overlap with SLE, including drug-induced lupus, cerebrovascular disease and neurocognitive disorders. Finally, we review the management of NPSLE, mainly moderate to high- dose glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, again highlighting considerations for older adults, such as increased medication (especially glucocorticoids) adverse effects, ageing-related pharmacokinetic changes that can affect SLE medication management, medication dosing and attention to medical comorbidities affecting brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshrat E Tayer-Shifman
- Rheumatology Unit, Meir Medical Center affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Kathleen S Bingham
- University Health Network Centre for Mental Health, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zahi Touma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital-Lupus Clinic, University of Toronto, EW, 1-412, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
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Saison J, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Maucort-Boulch D, Iwaz J, Marignier R, Cacoub P, Vital-Durand D, Hot A, Tebib J, Aumaitre O, Schleinitz N, Sarrot-Reynauld F, Broussolle C, Sève P. Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated acute transverse myelitis: manifestations, treatments, outcomes, and prognostic factors in 20 patients. Lupus 2014; 24:74-81. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203314547795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Transverse myelitis is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This retrospective multicentre study identifies the prognostic factors in a relatively large patient series. Patients and methods Twenty patients fulfilled the SLE criteria of the ACR classification and the Transverse Myelitis Consortium Working Group. A severe neurological flare was defined as muscle strength grade <3/5 in more than half the muscle groups at the motor neurological level. Inability to run or another significant ambulation-unrelated disability was considered as ‘unfavourable neurological outcome’. Results Myelitis was the first SLE symptom in 12 patients; in the eight others, it occurred 8.6 years (median delay) after SLE onset. Eleven patients presented severe neurological impairments. The treatment included corticosteroids in all patients associated with intravenous cyclophosphamide in 11 and/or hydroxychloroquine in 14. Unfavourable outcomes were observed in 53% of the patients at six months and in 28% at end of follow-up (median: 5.9 years). An initial severe neurological impairment and no cyclophosphamide use were associated with unfavourable neurological outcomes at six months and at end of follow-up, respectively. Conclusion Transverse myelitis may reveal SLE or occur more than 10 years after SLE diagnosis. The initial severity of the neurological flare (with paraplegia) is the main prognostic marker. The study provides arguments for cyclophosphamide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saison
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - N Costedoat-Chalumeau
- Centre maladies rares, Service de médecine interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - D Maucort-Boulch
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service de Biostatistique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5558, Equipe Biostatistique Santé, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - J Iwaz
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service de Biostatistique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5558, Equipe Biostatistique Santé, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - R Marignier
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - P Cacoub
- i3 Immunologie-Immunopathologie-Immunotherapie, (UMR 7211-Université Pierre et Marie Curie/CNRS, INSERM U 959), Paris, France
| | - D Vital-Durand
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Hot
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - J Tebib
- Département de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - O Aumaitre
- Département de Médecine Interne, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - N Schleinitz
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - F Sarrot-Reynauld
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Albert Michalon, Grenoble, France
| | - C Broussolle
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - P Sève
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Espinosa G, Mendizábal A, Mínguez S, Ramo-Tello C, Capellades J, Olivé A, Cervera R. Transverse Myelitis Affecting More Than 4 Spinal Segments Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Clinical, Immunological, and Radiological Characteristics of 22 Patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2010; 39:246-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 08/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Myelopathy is a rare but severe neurological manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a high morbidity. The factors that contribute to prognosis are unknown. In this study, 14 patients with lupus myelopathy (LM) from our centre were retrospectively studied. Another 23 patients with other neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) features were enrolled as a comparison group. The morbidity of LM was evaluated by the ASIA Impairment Scale. The clinical and serological characteristics and prognostic factors for LM were investigated. The age, gender, duration of SLE, non-CNS disease activity and autoantibody profile in patients with LM was not different in the NPSLE cohort. A relatively low prevalence of anti–phospholipid antibodies (aPL) in LM sera compared to NPSLE (28.6% vs 52.2%, P = 0.19) was observed. Longitudinal lesion detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was identified in 33.3% of patients with LM, whereas 50% showed focal speckle-like lesions. The morbidity of LM is 50%. Muscle strength of grade 3 or higher on admission was a strong indicator for a better prognosis ( P = 0.006), whereas other parameters including longitudinal lesion, sensory deficit level, disease activity and aPL did not discriminate good from poor outcome in LM. Early aggressive immunosuppressive therapy (within 2 weeks of onset of myelopathy) tend to associate with a favourable outcome ( P = 0.07).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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