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Eudy AM, Siega-Riz AM, Engel SM, Franceschini N, Howard AG, Clowse MEB, Petri M. Preconceptional Cardiovascular Health and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2018; 46:70-77. [PMID: 30008449 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.171066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the effects of preconceptional cardiovascular (CV) health, measured by American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, on pregnancy outcomes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS The study included patients in the Hopkins Lupus Pregnancy Cohort. Body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, and blood pressure (BP) in the most recent clinic visit prior to conception or first trimester were used to determine CV health (ideal, intermediate, or poor health) based on AHA definitions. Outcomes included preterm birth, gestational age at birth, and small for gestational age (SGA). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations estimated the association of each CV health factor and outcome. RESULTS The analysis included 309 live births. There were 95 preterm births (31%), and of the 293 pregnancies with birth weights, 18% were SGA. Ideal BMI, total cholesterol, and BP were reported in 56%, 85%, and 51% of pregnancies, respectively. Intermediate BMI was associated with decreased odds of SGA (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11-0.63), adjusted for race and prednisone use. Intermediate/poor total cholesterol was associated with increased odds of preterm birth (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.06-4.62). Intermediate/poor BP was associated with decreased gestational age at birth (β -0.96, 95% CI -1.62 to -0.29). CONCLUSION Poor/intermediate preconception CV health affects pregnancy outcomes of preterm birth and SGA infants among women with SLE. Efforts to maintain BMI, total cholesterol, and BP within the recommended ideal range prior to pregnancy is important to improve pregnancy outcomes in women with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Eudy
- From the Department of Epidemiology, and the Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. .,A.M. Eudy, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.M. Siega-Riz, PhD, School of Nursing, University of Virginia; S.M. Engel, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; N. Franceschini, MD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.G. Howard, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; M.E. Clowse, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; M. Petri, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
| | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- From the Department of Epidemiology, and the Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,A.M. Eudy, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.M. Siega-Riz, PhD, School of Nursing, University of Virginia; S.M. Engel, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; N. Franceschini, MD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.G. Howard, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; M.E. Clowse, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; M. Petri, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- From the Department of Epidemiology, and the Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,A.M. Eudy, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.M. Siega-Riz, PhD, School of Nursing, University of Virginia; S.M. Engel, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; N. Franceschini, MD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.G. Howard, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; M.E. Clowse, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; M. Petri, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Nora Franceschini
- From the Department of Epidemiology, and the Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,A.M. Eudy, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.M. Siega-Riz, PhD, School of Nursing, University of Virginia; S.M. Engel, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; N. Franceschini, MD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.G. Howard, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; M.E. Clowse, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; M. Petri, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Annie Green Howard
- From the Department of Epidemiology, and the Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,A.M. Eudy, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.M. Siega-Riz, PhD, School of Nursing, University of Virginia; S.M. Engel, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; N. Franceschini, MD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.G. Howard, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; M.E. Clowse, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; M. Petri, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Megan E B Clowse
- From the Department of Epidemiology, and the Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,A.M. Eudy, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.M. Siega-Riz, PhD, School of Nursing, University of Virginia; S.M. Engel, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; N. Franceschini, MD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.G. Howard, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; M.E. Clowse, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; M. Petri, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Michelle Petri
- From the Department of Epidemiology, and the Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,A.M. Eudy, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.M. Siega-Riz, PhD, School of Nursing, University of Virginia; S.M. Engel, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; N. Franceschini, MD, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; A.G. Howard, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health; M.E. Clowse, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; M. Petri, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Urowitz MB, Gladman DD, Anderson NM, Su J, Romero-Diaz J, Bae SC, Fortin PR, Sanchez-Guerrero J, Clarke A, Bernatsky S, Gordon C, Hanly JG, Wallace DJ, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Merrill J, Ginzler E, Alarcón GS, Fessler BF, Petri M, Bruce IN, Khamashta M, Aranow C, Dooley M, Manzi S, Ramsey-Goldman R, Sturfelt G, Nived O, Steinsson K, Zoma A, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Lim S, Kalunian KC, Ỉnanç M, van Vollenhoven R, Ramos-Casals M, Kamen DL, Jacobsen S, Peschken C, Askanase A, Stoll T. Cardiovascular events prior to or early after diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus in the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics cohort. Lupus Sci Med 2016; 3:e000143. [PMID: 27099765 PMCID: PMC4836282 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2015-000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To describe the frequency of myocardial infarction (MI) prior to the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and within the first 2 years of follow-up. Methods The systemic lupus international collaborating clinics (SLICC) atherosclerosis inception cohort enters patients within 15 months of SLE diagnosis. MIs were reported and attributed on a specialised vascular event form. MIs were confirmed by one or more of the following: abnormal ECG, typical or atypical symptoms with ECG abnormalities and elevated enzymes (≥2 times upper limit of normal), or abnormal stress test, echocardiogram, nuclear scan or angiogram. Descriptive statistics were used. Results 31 of 1848 patients who entered the cohort had an MI. Of those, 23 patients had an MI prior to SLE diagnosis or within the first 2 years of disease. Of the 23 patients studied, 60.9% were female, 78.3% were Caucasian, 8.7% black, 8.7% Hispanic and 4.3% other. The mean age at SLE diagnosis was 52.5±15.0 years. Of the 23 MIs that occurred, 16 MIs occurred at a mean of 6.1±7.0 years prior to diagnosis and 7 occurred within the first 2 years of follow-up. Risk factors associated with early MI in univariate analysis are male sex, Caucasian, older age at diagnosis, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, family history of MI and smoking. In multivariate analysis only age (OR=1.06 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09), hypertension (OR=5.01, 95% CI 1.38 to 18.23), hypercholesterolaemia (OR=4.43, 95% CI 1.51 to 12.99) and smoking (OR=7.50, 95% CI 2.38 to 23.57) remained significant risk factors. Conclusions In some patients with lupus, MI may develop even before the diagnosis of SLE or shortly thereafter, suggesting that there may be a link between autoimmune inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Urowitz
- Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto , Toronto Ontario , Canada
| | - D D Gladman
- Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto , Toronto Ontario , Canada
| | - N M Anderson
- Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto , Toronto Ontario , Canada
| | - J Su
- Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto , Toronto Ontario , Canada
| | - J Romero-Diaz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - S C Bae
- Department of Rheumatology , Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases , Seoul , Korea
| | - P R Fortin
- Division of Rheumatology , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Université Laval , Quebec City , Canada
| | - J Sanchez-Guerrero
- Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto , Toronto Ontario , Canada
| | - A Clarke
- Division of Rheumatology , Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - S Bernatsky
- Divisions of Clinical Immunology/Allergy and Clinical Epidemiology , Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - C Gordon
- Rheumatology Research Group , School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - J G Hanly
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology , Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - D J Wallace
- Cedars-Sinai/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California , USA
| | - D Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College , London , UK
| | - A Rahman
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College , London , UK
| | - J Merrill
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | - E Ginzler
- Department of Medicine , SUNY Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn, New York , USA
| | - G S Alarcón
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA
| | - B F Fessler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA
| | - M Petri
- Department of Rheumatology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA
| | - I N Bruce
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, London, UK
| | - M Khamashta
- Lupus Research Unit , The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine , London , UK
| | - C Aranow
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset, New York , USA
| | - M Dooley
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA
| | - S Manzi
- Department of Medicine , West Penn Allegheny , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA
| | - R Ramsey-Goldman
- Northwestern University and Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois , USA
| | - G Sturfelt
- Department of Rheumatology , University Hospital Lund , Lund , Sweden
| | - O Nived
- Department of Rheumatology , University Hospital Lund , Lund , Sweden
| | - K Steinsson
- Department of Rheumatology , Center for Rheumatology Research Fossvogur Landspitali University Hospital , Reyjkavik , Iceland
| | - A Zoma
- Lanarkshire Centre for Rheumatology, Hairmyres Hospital , East Kilbride, Scotland , UK
| | - G Ruiz-Irastorza
- Autoimmune Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital Universitario Cruces., University of the Basque Country , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - S Lim
- Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
| | - K C Kalunian
- UCSD School of Medicine , La Jolla, California , USA
| | - M Ỉnanç
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - R van Vollenhoven
- Unit for Clinical Therapy Research (ClinTRID), The Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - M Ramos-Casals
- Josep Font Autoimmune Diseases Laboratory, IDIBAPS, Department of Autoimmune Diseases , Hospital Clínic , Barcelona , Spain
| | - D L Kamen
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina , USA
| | - S Jacobsen
- Department of Rheumatology Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - C Peschken
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - A Askanase
- Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University Medical Center , New York , USA
| | - T Stoll
- Department of Rheumatology , Kantousspital , Schaffhausen , Switzerland
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