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LED-phototherapy does not induce oxidative DNA damage in hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:1041-1047. [PMID: 30851724 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phototherapy (PT) is the standard treatment of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Fluorescent tube (FT)-emitted PT light is known to induce oxidative DNA damage in neonates. Nowadays, however, FTs have largely been replaced by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for delivering PT. Until now, it is unknown whether LED-PT causes oxidative DNA damage. We aim to determine whether LED-PT induces oxidative DNA damage in hyperbilirubinemic rats. METHODS Adult Gunn rats, with genetically unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, received LED-PT in the clinically relevant doses of 10 or 30 µW/cm2/nm. Urine was collected at 0, 24, and 48 h of PT. A group of young Gunn rats received intensive LED-PT of 100 µW/cm2/nm for 24 h. Urine was collected every 8 h and analyzed for the levels of oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and creatinine. DNA damage was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (γH2AX) of skin and spleen samples. RESULTS LED-PT of 10 and 30 µW/cm2/nm did not affect urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG and creatinine or the 8-OHdG/creatinine ratio. Likewise, intensive LED-PT did not affect the 8-OHdG/creatinine ratio or the number of γH2AX-positive cells in the skin or spleen. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that LED-PT does not induce oxidative DNA damage in hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats either at clinically relevant or intensive dosages.
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Haridy MA, Reda SM, Alkamel Mohmed AN. Illuminance and ultra violet emissions radiated from white compact fluorescent lamps. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY AND QUALITY ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/ijmqe/2016025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Photobiological safety of the recently introduced energy efficient household lamps. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2014; 27:1036-42. [DOI: 10.2478/s13382-014-0332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tian Y, Liu W, Niu T, Dai C, Li X, Cui C, Zhao X, E Y, Lu H. The injury and cumulative effects on human skin by UV exposure from artificial fluorescence emission. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:1433-8. [PMID: 25039355 DOI: 10.1111/php.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The injury and cumulative effects of UV emission from fluorescence lamp were studied. UV intensity from fluorescence lamp was measured, and human skin samples (hips, 10 volunteers) were exposed to low-dose UV irradiation (three times per week for 13 consecutive weeks). Three groups were examined: control group without UV radiation; low-dose group with a cumulative dose of 50 J cm(-2) which was equivalent to irradiation of the face during indoor work for 1.5 years; and high-dose group with 1000 J cm(-2) cumulative dose equivalent to irradiation of the face during outdoor activities for 1 year. Specific indicators were measured before and after UVA irradiation. The findings showed that extending the low-dose UVA exposure decreased the skin moisture content and increased the transepidermal water loss as well as induced skin color changes (decreased L* value, increased M index). Furthermore, irradiated skin showed an increased thickness of cuticle and epidermis, skin edema, light color and unclear staining collagen fibers in the dermis, and elastic fiber fragmentation. In addition, MMP-1, p53 and SIRT1 expression was also increased. Long-term exposure of low-dose UVA radiation enhanced skin photoaging. The safety of the fluorescent lamp needs our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tian
- Department of Dermatology, The General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously considered safe for typical use, concerns have recently been expressed regarding the potential effect of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) on human skin and, in particular, on skin cancer risk. OBJECTIVE We sought to address this concern by reviewing the current literature on CFLs, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and photocarcinogenic exposure. RESULTS On average, the UV radiation from CFLs and subsequent carcinogenic exposure is lower than that from incandescent bulbs. However, defective bulbs can emit higher levels of UV radiation, which may cause significant damage. CONCLUSION Our review calls for further investigation to determine how frequently these bulbs are sufficiently defective to lead to adverse effects.
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Safari S, Kazemi M, Yousefi HA, Dehghan H, Mahaki B. Evaluation of Ultra Violet Emissions Radiated from Compact Fluorescent Lamps of Iranian Current Brands. HEALTH SCOPE 2013. [DOI: 10.17795/jhealthscope-12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tintle S, Alikhan A, Horner ME, Hand JL, Davis DMR. Cutaneous porphyrias part II: treatment strategies. Int J Dermatol 2013; 53:3-24. [PMID: 24134210 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The porphyrias are diverse in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, severity, and prognosis, presenting a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Although not easily curable, the dermatological manifestations of these diseases, photosensitivity and associated cutaneous pathology, can be effectively prevented and managed. Sun avoidance is essential, and patient education regarding the irreversibility of photocutaneous damage is a necessary corollary. Beyond preventative measures, the care of fragile, vulnerable skin, and pain management, each of the porphyrias has a limited number of unique additional therapeutic options. Many of the treatments have been published only in small case series or anecdotal reports and do not have well-understood nor proven mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive review of available therapeutic options and long-term management recommendations for the cutaneous porphyrias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Tintle
- Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Agrawal A, Shindell E, Jordan F, Baeva L, Pfefer J, Godar DE. UV Radiation Increases Carcinogenic Risks for Oral Tissues Compared to Skin. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:1193-8. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anant Agrawal
- US Food and Drug Administration; Center for Devices and Radiological Health; Silver Spring; MD
| | | | - Fredrick Jordan
- US Food and Drug Administration; Center for Devices and Radiological Health; Silver Spring; MD
| | - Larissa Baeva
- US Food and Drug Administration; Center for Devices and Radiological Health; Silver Spring; MD
| | - Joshua Pfefer
- US Food and Drug Administration; Center for Devices and Radiological Health; Silver Spring; MD
| | - Dianne E. Godar
- US Food and Drug Administration; Center for Devices and Radiological Health; Silver Spring; MD
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Breger J, Baeva L, Agrawal A, Shindell E, Godar DE. UVB-induced inflammatory cytokine release, DNA damage and apoptosis of human oral compared with skin tissue equivalents. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:665-70. [PMID: 23253030 DOI: 10.1111/php.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
People can get oral cancers from UV (290-400 nm) exposures. Besides high outdoor UV exposures, high indoor UV exposures to oral tissues can occur when consumers use UV-emitting tanning devices to either tan or whiten their teeth. We compared the carcinogenic risks of skin to oral tissue cells after UVB (290-320 nm) exposures using commercially available 3D-engineered models for human skin (EpiDerm™), gingival (EpiGing™) and oral (EpiOral™) tissues. To compare the relative carcinogenic risks, we investigated the release of cytokines, initial DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), repair of CPDs and apoptotic cell numbers. We measured cytokine release using cytometric beads with flow cytometry and previously developed a fluorescent immunohistochemical assay to quantify simultaneously CPD repair rates and apoptotic cell numbers. We found that interleukin-8 (IL-8) release and the initial CPDs are significantly higher, whereas the CPD repair rates and apoptotic cell numbers are significantly lower for oral compared with skin tissue cells. Thus, the increased release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 along with inefficient CPD repair and decreased death rates for oral compared with skin tissue cells suggests that mutations are accumulating in the surviving population of oral cells increasing people's risks for getting oral cancers.
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Correia M, Neves-Petersen MT, Jeppesen PB, Gregersen S, Petersen SB. UV-light exposure of insulin: pharmaceutical implications upon covalent insulin dityrosine dimerization and disulphide bond photolysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50733. [PMID: 23227203 PMCID: PMC3515625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we report the effects of continuous UV-light (276 nm, ~2.20 W.m(-2)) excitation of human insulin on its absorption and fluorescence properties, structure and functionality. Continuous UV-excitation of the peptide hormone in solution leads to the progressive formation of tyrosine photo-product dityrosine, formed upon tyrosine radical cross-linkage. Absorbance, fluorescence emission and excitation data confirm dityrosine formation, leading to covalent insulin dimerization. Furthermore, UV-excitation of insulin induces disulphide bridge breakage. Near- and far-UV-CD spectroscopy shows that UV-excitation of insulin induces secondary and tertiary structure losses. In native insulin, the A and B chains are held together by two disulphide bridges. Disruption of either of these bonds is likely to affect insulin's structure. The UV-light induced structural changes impair its antibody binding capability and in vitro hormonal function. After 1.5 and 3.5 h of 276 nm excitation there is a 33.7% and 62.1% decrease in concentration of insulin recognized by guinea pig anti-insulin antibodies, respectively. Glucose uptake by human skeletal muscle cells decreases 61.7% when the cells are incubated with pre UV-illuminated insulin during 1.5 h. The observations presented in this work highlight the importance of protecting insulin and other drugs from UV-light exposure, which is of outmost relevance to the pharmaceutical industry. Several drug formulations containing insulin in hexameric, dimeric and monomeric forms can be exposed to natural and artificial UV-light during their production, packaging, storage or administration phases. We can estimate that direct long-term exposure of insulin to sunlight and common light sources for indoors lighting and UV-sterilization in industries can be sufficient to induce irreversible changes to human insulin structure. Routine fluorescence and absorption measurements in laboratory experiments may also induce changes in protein structure. Structural damage includes insulin dimerization via dityrosine cross-linking or disulphide bond disruption, which affects the hormone's structure and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Correia
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maria Teresa Neves-Petersen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
- NanoBiotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Per Bendix Jeppesen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus THG, Department of Medicine and Endocrinology MEA, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Søren Gregersen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus THG, Department of Medicine and Endocrinology MEA, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steffen B. Petersen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
- NanoBiotechnology Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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Mironava T, Hadjiargyrou M, Simon M, Rafailovich MH. The effects of UV emission from compact fluorescent light exposure on human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:1497-506. [PMID: 22724459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs can provide the same amount of lumens as incandescent light bulbs, using one quarter of the energy. Recently, CFL exposure was found to exacerbate existing skin conditions; however, the effects of CFL exposure on healthy skin tissue have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we studied the effects of exposure to CFL illumination on healthy human skin tissue cells (fibroblasts and keratinocytes). Cells exposed to CFLs exhibited a decrease in the proliferation rate, a significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, and a decrease in their ability to contract collagen. Measurements of UV emissions from these bulbs found significant levels of UVC and UVA (mercury [Hg] emission lines), which appeared to originate from cracks in the phosphor coatings, present in all bulbs studied. The response of the cells to the CFLs was consistent with damage from UV radiation, which was further enhanced when low dosages of TiO(2) nanoparticles (NPs), normally used for UV absorption, were added prior to exposure. No effect on cells, with or without TiO(2) NPs, was observed when they were exposed to incandescent light of the same intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Mironava
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is an increasing interest in improving the understanding of pathophysiology, outcome measures, and therapies of rheumatic skin disease. Increasingly, studies are using the skin as a primary endpoint for evaluating therapies. This will review the current state of the art for the most common rheumatic skin diseases. RECENT FINDINGS A number of medications, including biologics such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon, have been associated with onset of cutaneous lupus. The cutaneous lupus erythematosus area and severity index has been further validated and utilized in a number of studies. Smoking continues to be associated both with presence and refractoriness of cutaneous lupus erythematosus to therapy. There are several tools now available for evaluating the skin disease of dermatomyositis, but there is a need for new effective therapies. Measurement of skin disease in scleroderma continues to be a challenge, and there is a need for more effective therapies. Several studies show efficacy of intravenous iloprost for severe Raynaud's and skin ulcers, and of bosentan for digital ulcers. SUMMARY The present review covers new outcome measures, treatments, and unusual manifestations of cutaneous lupus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, and rheumatoid arthritis. There have been a number of new studies related to validation of disease activity measures, as well as their use in evaluation of new therapies for these conditions. Validated outcome measures are required to perform meaningful studies, and will facilitate organized epidemiologic, quality of life, and therapeutic studies.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2010; 22:97-105. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e328334b3e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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