1
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Shurin MR, Wheeler SE. Clinical Significance of Uncommon, Non-Clinical, and Novel Autoantibodies. Immunotargets Ther 2024; 13:215-234. [PMID: 38686351 PMCID: PMC11057673 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s450184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are a common mark of autoimmune reaction and their identification in the patients' serum, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissues is generally believed to represent diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of autoimmune diseases or autoinflammatory conditions. Traditionally, autoantibody testing is an important part of the clinical examination of suspected patients, and in the absence of reliable T cell tests, characterization of autoantibody responses might be suitable in finding causes of specific autoimmune responses, their strength, and sometimes commencement of autoimmune disease. Autoantibodies are also useful for prognostic stratification in clinically diverse groups of patients if checked repeatedly. Antibody discoveries are continuing, with important consequences for verifying autoimmune mechanisms, diagnostic feasibility, and clinical management. Adding newly identified autoantibody-autoantigen pairs to common clinical laboratory panels should help upgrade and harmonize the identification of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders and other autoimmune conditions. Herein, we aim to summarize our current knowledge of uncommon and novel autoantibodies in the context of discussing their validation, diagnostic practicability, and clinical relevance. The regular updates within the field are important and well justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Shurin
- Division of Clinical Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Wheeler
- Division of Clinical Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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2
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Kyle G, Bryan CS. Sir William Osler's fatal trip to Scotland: "Mrs M" and the University Grants Committee. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOGRAPHY 2023; 31:261-267. [PMID: 34747243 DOI: 10.1177/09677720211052613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
On 23 September 1919, Sir William Osler, after a telephone call from his friend Dyson Perrins, went to Glasgow where he saw a 40-year-old woman, Bethia Fulton Martin, in consultation with three local physicians. Osler called it "one of those remarkable Erythema cases (all sorts of skin lesions and three months on and off consolidation of both lower lobes)." Mrs Martin died 114 days later; her death certificate listed "angioneurotic oedema with chronic nephritis" and "tuberculous enlargement of the mediastinal lymph nodes." Osler died 18 days before Mrs Martin of complications from a respiratory infection acquired on his way home from Scotland. We discuss factors that possibly prompted Osler to go to Scotland, including his role with the newly formed University Grants Committee, and the differential diagnosis of the case, which is mainly between systemic lupus erythematosus and Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Kyle
- Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Fan M, Lan X, Wang Q, Shan M, Fang X, Zhang Y, Wu D, Luo H, Gao W, Zhu D. Renal function protection and the mechanism of ginsenosides: Current progress and future perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1070738. [PMID: 36814491 PMCID: PMC9939702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephropathy is a general term for kidney diseases, which refers to changes in the structure and function of the kidney caused by various factors, resulting in pathological damage to the kidney, abnormal blood or urine components, and other diseases. The main manifestations of kidney disease include hematuria, albuminuria, edema, hypertension, anemia, lower back pain, oliguria, and other symptoms. Early detection, diagnosis, and active treatment are required to prevent chronic renal failure. The concept of nephropathy encompasses a wide range of conditions, including acute renal injury, chronic kidney disease, nephritis, renal fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy. Some of these kidney-related diseases are interrelated and may lead to serious complications without effective control. In serious cases, it can also develop into chronic renal dysfunction and eventually end-stage renal disease. As a result, it seriously affects the quality of life of patients and places a great economic burden on society and families. Ginsenoside is one of the main active components of ginseng, with anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and other pharmacological activities. A variety of monomers in ginsenosides can play protective roles in multiple organs. According to the difference of core structure, ginsenosides can be divided into protopanaxadiol-type (including Rb1, Rb3, Rg3, Rh2, Rd and CK, etc.), and protopanaxatriol (protopanaxatriol)- type (including Rg1, Rg2 and Rh1, etc.), and other types (including Rg5, Rh4, Rh3, Rk1, and Rk3, etc.). All of these ginsenosides showed significant renal function protection, which can reduce renal damage in renal injury, nephritis, renal fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy models. This review summarizes reports on renal function protection and the mechanisms of action of these ginsenosides in various renal injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Fan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qunling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Donglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Difu Zhu,
| | - Difu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Difu Zhu,
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4
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Michels MAHM, Volokhina EB, van de Kar NCAJ, van den Heuvel LPJ. Challenges in diagnostic testing of nephritic factors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1036136. [PMID: 36451820 PMCID: PMC9702996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1036136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephritic factors (NeFs) are autoantibodies promoting the activity of the central enzymes of the complement cascade, an important first line of defense of our innate immune system. NeFs stabilize the complement convertase complexes and prevent their natural and regulator-mediated decay. They are mostly associated with rare complement-mediated kidney disorders, in particular with C3 glomerulopathy and related diseases. Although these autoantibodies were already described more than 50 years ago, measuring NeFs for diagnostic purposes remains difficult, and this also complicates our understanding of their clinical associations. In this review, we address the multifactorial challenges of NeF diagnostics. We describe the diseases NeFs are associated with, the heterogenic mechanisms of action of different NeF types, the different methods available in laboratories used for their detection, and efforts for standardization. Finally, we discuss the importance of proper NeF diagnostics for understanding the clinical impact of these autoantibodies in disease pathophysiology and for considering future complement-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes A. H. M. Michels
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Elena B. Volokhina
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Innatoss Laboratories, Oss, Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. A. J. van de Kar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lambertus P.W. J. van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics/Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Bolouri N, Akhtari M, Farhadi E, Mansouri R, Faezi ST, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M. Role of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:537-554. [PMID: 35298669 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the most common form of lupus, is a multisystemic rheumatic disease with different clinical features that generally affect women of childbearing age. The common symptoms of SLE are very similar to other autoimmune and non-autoimmune disorders, thereby it is known as a thousand faces disease. In this article, we are going to discuss some of the most updated information about immune system-related factors, cells, and cytokines involved in SLE pathogenesis. METHODS Different electronic databases, especially PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched to review and analyze relevant literature on the role of innate and adaptive immune cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of SLE. A search for relevant literature was accomplished using various keywords including systemic lupus erythematosus, apoptosis, autoantibodies, immunopathogenesis of SLE, adaptive and innate immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, hormones, etc. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The most important characteristic of SLE is the production of antibodies against different nuclear autoantigens like double-strand DNA and RNA. The depositions of the immune complexes (ICs) that are generated between autoantibodies and autoantigens, along with aberrant clearance of them, can lead to permanent inflammation and contribute to tissue or organ damage. Related mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of SLE have not been clarified yet. Although, defects in immune tolerance, enhanced antigenic load, hyperactivity of T cells, and inappropriate regulation of B cells contribute to the pathogenic autoantibodies generation. Besides, sex hormones that influence the immune system seem to act as triggers or protectors of SLE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Bolouri
- Immunology Department, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhtari
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Mansouri
- Immunology Department, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tahereh Faezi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Tan L, Zhao Y. Analysis of multiple organ damage and clinical immunological characteristics in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with hematologic involvement. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2624-2629. [PMID: 34104094 PMCID: PMC8176184 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.48997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate clinical immunological characteristics and imaging findings of multiple organ damage of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with hematologic involvement. Methods: SLE patients diagnosed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from June 2015 to March 2019 were selected, including 93 SLE patients with hematologic involvement and 68 SLE patients without hematologic involvement. Immunological indicators such as autoantibodies, immunoglobulin G (IgG), complement 4 (C4) and imaging data of several organs were measured respectively. The results were statistically analyzed. Results: SLE patients with hematologic involvement were more likely to have autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) (20.43%, P<0.05). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of SLE patients with hematologic involvement was 75.82 (±35.33) mm/h, IgG was 28.84 (±6.00) g/L and C4 was 0.073 (±0.031) g/L (P< 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of IgG was the highest among the above indicators (P<0.01). The positive anti-RO-52 antibody (OR=15.926, P<0.05) was an independent risk factor for pulmonary inflammatory lesions in SLE patients with hematologic involvement. Conclusion: Compared with the control group, abnormal immunological indicators and multiple organs damage are more obvious. Positive anti-RO-52 antibody may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation in SLE patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/blood
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/diagnosis
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/epidemiology
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/immunology
- Autoantibodies/blood
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Blood Sedimentation
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multiple Organ Failure/blood
- Multiple Organ Failure/diagnosis
- Multiple Organ Failure/epidemiology
- Multiple Organ Failure/immunology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yonglei Zhao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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7
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LncRNA MIAT enhances systemic lupus erythematosus by upregulating CFHR5 expression via miR-222 degradation. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:17-26. [PMID: 33897280 PMCID: PMC8056357 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex polygenic autoimmune disease, is associated with increased complement activation. Complement factor H related protein 5 (CFHR5) may contribute to dysfunctional complement activation, thus predisposing to SLE. The expression levels of anti-dsDNA, C3 and CFHR5 in blood samples from 50 SLE patients and 50 healthy individuals were evaluated, and also their expression levels were measured in an MRL/lpr mouse model and control MRL/MPJ mice. The results showed that CFHR5 expression increased in SLE patients together with the increase of anti-dsDNA in comparison with the healthy control. Furthermore, CFHR5 expression was inversely correlated with C3, down-regulation of which was associated with worse SLE. Previous studies indicated that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regulates mRNA synthesis via microRNA (miRNA) inhibition. The present bioinformatics analysis revealed that the target miRNA (miR-222) was combined with both lncRNA MIAT and mRNA CFHR5. H&E staining of the kidney tissues of the MRL/lpr mice revealed that lncRNA MIAT, as a competitive inhibitor of miR-222, enhanced SLE by upregulating CFHR5 expression through the degradation of miR-222 in vivo. Thus, our study revealed for the first time the role of lncRNA MIAT in regulating CFHR5 expression in SLE in vivo and provided new insights into the role of lncRNA in regulation and complement function of SLE pathogenesis.
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8
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Petrić M, Božić J, Radić M, Perković D, Petrić M, Martinović Kaliterna D. Dietary Habits in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Med Food 2020; 23:1176-1182. [PMID: 32150485 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are often interested in which diets to follow. Our aim was to investigate which dietary habits were common among our patients, and which of them were in correlation with laboratory parameters of disease activity, such as complement values and 24-h proteinuria. This study included 76 patients with SLE in clinical remission with a 6-month flare free period. They completed a specialized, self-administered, 23-item food frequency questionnaire about their weekly dietary habits. Basic anthropometric data, levels of C3 and C4, and 24-h proteinuria were recorded and analyzed with respect to their dietary habits. The majority of patients had a normal body mass index of 18.5-25 kg/m2, and worked out regularly. The most frequently consumed foods reported by the patients were fruits, milk, vegetables, meat, pasta, rice, and bread. Decreased values of C3 were found in 34 (44.7%) patients, and decreased values of C4 in 28 (36.8%) patients. Decreased values of C3 were found in patients who often consumed meat (P = .015), and decreased values of C4 in patients who often consumed fast food (P = .043). Patients who often consumed fast food demonstrated a decreasing trend of C3 (P = .060), and patients who often consumed fried food had a decreasing trend of C4 (P = .051). Significant correlation between daily proteinuria and dietary habits was not found. Dietary habits can influence the disease course of SLE. Our study confirms that decreased levels of complement compounds C3 and C4, which are possible predictors of disease activation, are associated with frequent consumption of low quality proteins and food rich in calories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Petrić
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Joško Božić
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mislav Radić
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Dijana Perković
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Marija Petrić
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
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9
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Corvillo F, Okrój M, Nozal P, Melgosa M, Sánchez-Corral P, López-Trascasa M. Nephritic Factors: An Overview of Classification, Diagnostic Tools and Clinical Associations. Front Immunol 2019; 10:886. [PMID: 31068950 PMCID: PMC6491685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephritic factors comprise a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies against neoepitopes generated in the C3 and C5 convertases of the complement system, causing its dysregulation. Classification of these autoantibodies can be clustered according to their stabilization of different convertases either from the classical or alternative pathway. The first nephritic factor described with the capacity to stabilize C3 convertase of the alternative pathway was C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF). Another nephritic factor has been characterized by the ability to stabilize C5 convertase of the alternative pathway (C5NeF). In addition, there are autoantibodies against assembled C3/C5 convertase of the classical and lectin pathways (C4NeF). These autoantibodies have been mainly associated with kidney diseases, like C3 glomerulopathy and immune complex-associated-membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Other clinical situations where these autoantibodies have been observed include infections and autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and acquired partial lipodystrophy. C3 hypocomplementemia is a common finding in all patients with nephritic factors. The methods to measure nephritic factors are not standardized, technically complex, and lack of an appropriate quality control. This review will be focused in the description of the mechanism of action of the three known nephritic factors (C3NeF, C4NeF, and C5NeF), and their association with human diseases. Moreover, we present an overview regarding the diagnostic tools for its detection, and the main therapeutic approach for the patients with nephritic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Corvillo
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U754), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcin Okrój
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pilar Nozal
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U754), Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Melgosa
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatric Nephrology Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Corral
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U754), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita López-Trascasa
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Vasilev VV, Radanova M, Lazarov VJ, Dragon-Durey MA, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Roumenina LT. Autoantibodies Against C3b-Functional Consequences and Disease Relevance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:64. [PMID: 30761135 PMCID: PMC6361862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement component C3 is at the heart of the complement cascade. It is a complex protein, which generates different functional activated fragments (C3a, C3b, iC3b, C3c, C3d). C3b is a constituent of the alternative pathway C3 convertase (C3bBb), binds multiple regulators, and receptors, affecting thus the functioning of the immune system. The activated forms of C3 are a target for autoantibodies. This review focuses on the discovery, disease relevance, and functional consequences of the anti-C3b autoantibodies. They were discovered about 70 years ago and named immunoconglutinins. They were found after infections and considered convalescent factors. At the end of the twentieth century IgG against C3b were found in systemic lupus erythematosus and recently in lupus nephritis, correlating with the disease severity and flare. Cases of C3 glomerulopathy and immune complex glomerulonephritis were also reported. These antibodies recognize epitopes, shared between C3(H2O)/C3b/iC3b/C3c and have overt functional activity. They correlate with low plasmatic C3 levels in patients. In vitro, they increase the activity of the alternative pathway C3 convertase, without being C3 nephritic factors. They perturb the binding of the negative regulators Complement Receptor 1 and Factor H. The clear functional consequences and association with disease severity warrant further studies to establish the link between the anti-C3b autoantibodies and tissue injury. Comparative studies with such antibodies, found in patients with infections, may help to uncover their origin and epitopes specificity. Patients with complement overactivation due to presence of anti-C3b antibodies may benefit from therapeutic targeting of C3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil V Vasilev
- Nephrology Clinic, University Hospital "Tsaritsa Yoanna-ISUL," Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Radanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Valentin J Lazarov
- Nephrology Clinic, University Hospital "Tsaritsa Yoanna-ISUL," Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marie-Agnes Dragon-Durey
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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11
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Noe R, Chauvet S, Togarsimalemath SK, Marinozzi MC, Radanova M, Vasilev VV, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Dragon-Durey MA, Roumenina LT. Detection of Autoantibodies to Complement Components by Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Technology. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1901:271-280. [PMID: 30539587 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8949-2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune complement system is a powerful defense cascade against pathogens, but can induce host tissue damage when overactivated. In pathological conditions, mainly but not restricted to renal diseases, such as lupus nephritis, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and C3 glomerulopathies, complement is overactivated or dysregulated by autoantibodies directed against its components and regulators. Among the key autoantibody targets are the initiator of the classical complement pathway C1q, the alternative pathway regulator Factor H, the components of the alternative pathway C3 convertase complex C3 and Factor B and the convertase complex itself. This methodological article describes our experience with a method for detection of anti-complement autoantibodies in real time using surface plasmon resonance-based technology. It allows label-free evaluation of the binding efficacy and stability of the formed antigen-antibody complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Noe
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Chauvet
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de néphrologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Shambhuprasad K Togarsimalemath
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria Chiara Marinozzi
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria Radanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil V Vasilev
- Nephrology Clinic, University Hospital 'Tsaritsa Yoanna-ISUL,' Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Agnes Dragon-Durey
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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12
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Lo MS. Insights Gained From the Study of Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1278. [PMID: 29922296 PMCID: PMC5996073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been intensely studied but remains incompletely defined. Currently, multiple mechanisms are known to contribute to the development of SLE. These include inadequate clearance of apoptotic debris, aberrant presentation of self nucleic antigens, loss of tolerance, and inappropriate activation of T and B cells. Genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences are also known to play a role. The study of lupus in children, in whom there is presumed to be greater genetic influence, has led to new understandings that are applicable to SLE pathophysiology as a whole. In particular, characterization of inherited disorders associated with excessive type I interferon production has elucidated specific mechanisms by which interferon is induced in SLE. In this review, we discuss several monogenic forms of lupus presenting in childhood and also review recent insights gained from cytokine and autoantibody profiling of pediatric SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy S Lo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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13
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Davis MDP, van der Hilst JCH. Mimickers of Urticaria: Urticarial Vasculitis and Autoinflammatory Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1162-1170. [PMID: 29871797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A wide differential diagnosis must be considered in a patient presenting with urticarial plaques. Although acute and chronic urticaria are the commonest diagnoses, other differential diagnoses include polymorphous eruption of pregnancy, mast cell disorders, hypereosinophilic syndrome, urticarial vasculitis, pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, and autoinflammatory disease. This review will specifically address urticarial vasculitis and autoinflammatory syndromes. These entities represent contrasting examples of urticarial-like lesions resulting from either an adaptive immune complex-mediated mechanism (urticarial vasculitis) or an innate immune-mediated mechanism (autoinflammatory disorders), with differing therapeutic implications. In patients presenting with painful, persistent plaques that last more than 24 hours and resolve with bruising of the skin, consideration should be given to a diagnosis of urticarial vasculitis. A biopsy should be obtained to ascertain this diagnosis. In patients presenting with a persistent history of recurrent urticarial plaques associated with signs of systemic inflammation including fevers and elevated inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP]/serum amyloid A, leukocytosis, and negative connective tissue serologies), consideration should be given to autoinflammatory disorders: the 3 cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, Schnitzler syndrome, and familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 2. Serum protein electrophoresis should be checked to rule out an underlying monoclonal gammopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D P Davis
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
| | - Jeroen C H van der Hilst
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Jessa Hospital. BIOMED Research Institute, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
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