1
|
Reis-Neto ETD, Seguro LPC, Sato EI, Borba EF, Klumb EM, Costallat LTL, Medeiros MMDC, Bonfá E, Araújo NC, Appenzeller S, Montandon ACDOES, Yuki EFN, Teixeira RCDA, Telles RW, Egypto DCSD, Ribeiro FM, Gasparin AA, Junior ASDA, Neiva CLS, Calderaro DC, Monticielo OA. II Brazilian Society of Rheumatology consensus for lupus nephritis diagnosis and treatment. Adv Rheumatol 2024; 64:48. [PMID: 38890752 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-024-00386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop the second evidence-based Brazilian Society of Rheumatology consensus for diagnosis and treatment of lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS Two methodologists and 20 rheumatologists from Lupus Comittee of Brazilian Society of Rheumatology participate in the development of this guideline. Fourteen PICO questions were defined and a systematic review was performed. Eligible randomized controlled trials were analyzed regarding complete renal remission, partial renal remission, serum creatinine, proteinuria, serum creatinine doubling, progression to end-stage renal disease, renal relapse, and severe adverse events (infections and mortality). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to develop these recommendations. Recommendations required ≥82% of agreement among the voting members and were classified as strongly in favor, weakly in favor, conditional, weakly against or strongly against a particular intervention. Other aspects of LN management (diagnosis, general principles of treatment, treatment of comorbidities and refractory cases) were evaluated through literature review and expert opinion. RESULTS All SLE patients should undergo creatinine and urinalysis tests to assess renal involvement. Kidney biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosing LN but, if it is not available or there is a contraindication to the procedure, therapeutic decisions should be based on clinical and laboratory parameters. Fourteen recommendations were developed. Target Renal response (TRR) was defined as improvement or maintenance of renal function (±10% at baseline of treatment) combined with a decrease in 24-h proteinuria or 24-h UPCR of 25% at 3 months, a decrease of 50% at 6 months, and proteinuria < 0.8 g/24 h at 12 months. Hydroxychloroquine should be prescribed to all SLE patients, except in cases of contraindication. Glucocorticoids should be used at the lowest dose and for the minimal necessary period. In class III or IV (±V), mycophenolate (MMF), cyclophosphamide, MMF plus tacrolimus (TAC), MMF plus belimumab or TAC can be used as induction therapy. For maintenance therapy, MMF or azathioprine (AZA) are the first choice and TAC or cyclosporin or leflunomide can be used in patients who cannot use MMF or AZA. Rituximab can be prescribed in cases of refractory disease. In cases of failure in achieving TRR, it is important to assess adherence, immunosuppressant dosage, adjuvant therapy, comorbidities, and consider biopsy/rebiopsy. CONCLUSION This consensus provides evidence-based data to guide LN diagnosis and treatment, supporting the development of public and supplementary health policies in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgard Torres Dos Reis-Neto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/Unifesp), Otonis Street, 863, 2 Floor, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04025-002, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Parente Costa Seguro
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emília Inoue Sato
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/Unifesp), Otonis Street, 863, 2 Floor, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04025-002, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferreira Borba
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro Mendes Klumb
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lilian Tereza Lavras Costallat
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Traumatology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Eloisa Bonfá
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nafice Costa Araújo
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo - Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Traumatology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Emily Figueiredo Neves Yuki
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rosa Weiss Telles
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Francinne Machado Ribeiro
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrese Aline Gasparin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Antonio Silaide de Araujo Junior
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/Unifesp), Otonis Street, 863, 2 Floor, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04025-002, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Cerqueira Calderaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Odirlei Andre Monticielo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rovin BH, Ayoub IM, Chan TM, Liu ZH, Mejía-Vilet JM, Floege J. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the management of LUPUS NEPHRITIS. Kidney Int 2024; 105:S1-S69. [PMID: 38182286 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
|
3
|
Anders HJ, Loutan J, Bruchfeld A, Fernández-Juárez GM, Floege J, Goumenos D, Turkmen K, van Kooten C, Frangou E, Stevens KI, Kronbichler A, Segelmark M, Tesar V. The management of lupus nephritis as proposed by EULAR/ERA 2019 versus KDIGO 2021. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:551-561. [PMID: 34888694 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019 and 2021, the European League for Rheumatism (EULAR) jointly with the European Renal Association (ERA) and the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), respectively, released updated guidelines on the management of lupus nephritis (LN). The Immunology Working Group of the ERA reviewed and compared both updates. Recommendations were either consistent or differences were of negligible clinical relevance for: indication for kidney biopsy, kidney biopsy interpretation, treatment targets, hydroxychloroquine dosing, first-line initial immunosuppressive therapy for active class III, IV (±V) LN, pregnancy in LN, LN in paediatric patients and LN patients with kidney failure. Relevant differences in the recommended management relate to the recognition of lupus podocytopathies, uncertainties in steroid dosing, drug preferences in specific populations and maintenance therapy, treatment of pure class V LN, therapy of recurrent LN, evolving alternative drug options and diagnostic work-up of thrombotic microangiopathy. Altogether, both documents provide an excellent guidance to the growing complexity of LN management. This article endeavours to prevent confusion by identifying differences and clarifying discrepancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jerome Loutan
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Bruchfeld
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gema M Fernández-Juárez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Goumenos
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Patras University Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Kultigin Turkmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eleni Frangou
- Department of Nephrology, Limassol General Hospital, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Kate I Stevens
- The Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Mårten Segelmark
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Nephrology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tesar
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo M, Xie X, Lin W, Zhou Y, Zhang X. Association of podocyte injury with clinical features and prognosis in patients with mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis. Lupus 2023; 32:231-238. [PMID: 36459684 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221141269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to explore the association of podocyte injury with clinical features and outcomes in mesangial proliferative (Class II) lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS We conducted a retrospective and clinicopathologic analysis with 576 LN patients with renal biopsy and screened 58 patients with Class II LN. Then, the 58 cases were divided into 4 groups based on the degree of podocyte damage and immune complex (IC) deposits on light microscope (histological and immunofluorescence) and electron microscope: Podocyte Injury Group, IC deposits Group, Podocyte Injury and IC Group, and Less-lesion Group. Clinical and pathologic information was collected from the patients' medical records at the time of the kidney biopsy and at follow-up. The data of demography, clinical parameters, therapy, remission, and relapse rates were analyzed and compared across groups. RESULTS A significant difference was observed in the ages of patients among four Class II LN groups. The onset age of patients with FPE ≥ 50% was significant later. The frequency of thrombocytopenia was statistically different among the four groups and the patients with FPE ≥ 50% had lower frequency of thrombocytopenia. Patients with FPE ≥ 50% had lower serum albumin, eGFR, and elevated proteinuria and serum lipids. In this study, most patients received glucocorticoids in combination with immunosuppressants. Among the 4 groups, the use of ACEI/ARBs was highest in the podocyte injury group. There was a statistical difference in the renal relapse rates among the 4 Class II LN groups. Moreover, the recurrence rate was higher in the FPE ≥ 50% group. CONCLUSION Our data identified Class II LN patients with podocyte injury (FPE ≥ 50%) present prominent renal damage and higher rate of renal relapse, suggesting more aggressive treatment and close follow-up for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muyao Guo
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South Universtiy, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South Universtiy, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South Universtiy, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathology, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaou Zhou
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South Universtiy, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 159374Xiangya Hospital of Central South Universtiy, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Du Y, Shi X, Li J, Jia Y. MicroRNA-98-5p inhibits human mesangial cell proliferation and TNF-α and IL-6 secretion by targeting BTB and CNC homology 1. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1436. [PMID: 34721678 PMCID: PMC8549099 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-98-5p has been reported to be involved in the development of lupus nephritis (LN); however, its specific role in LN remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-98-5p on human mesangial cell proliferation and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to analyze the level of gene and protein expression, respectively. Cellular proliferation was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. ELISA was used to detect the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 by human mesangial cells. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that miR-98-5p expression was downregulated in LN renal tissues compared with control renal tissues. Overexpression of miR-98-5p inhibited human mesangial cell proliferation and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, whereas miR-98-5p-knockdown demonstrated the opposite effect. Dual luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-98-5p directly targeted BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1). BACH1-overexpression promoted human mesangial cell proliferation and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, whereas BACH1-knockdown demonstrated the opposite effect. Notably, co-transfection with miR-98-5p mimic inhibited BACH1-overexpression induced human mesangial cell proliferation and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. The results of the present study indicated that miR-98-5p inhibited human mesangial cell proliferation and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 by targeting BACH1. Therefore, miR-98-5p and BACH1 may represent potential therapeutic targets for LN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Shi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Jia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aly R, Zeng X, Acharya R, Upadhyay K. Delayed Onset Minimal Change Disease as a Manifestation of Lupus Podocytopathy. Clin Pract 2021; 11:747-754. [PMID: 34698110 PMCID: PMC8544568 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract11040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus podocytopathy (LP) is an uncommon manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is not included in the classification of lupus nephritis. The diagnosis of LP is confirmed by the presence of diffuse foot process effacement in the absence of capillary wall deposits with or without mesangial immune deposits in a patient with SLE. Here we describe a 13-year-old female who presented with nephrotic syndrome (NS) seven years after the diagnosis of SLE. The renal function had been stable for seven years since the SLE diagnosis, as manifested by the normal serum creatinine, serum albumin and absence of proteinuria. Renal biopsy showed evidence of minimal change disease without immune complex deposits or features of membranous nephropathy. Renal function was normal. The patient had an excellent response to steroid therapy with remission within two weeks. The patient remained in remission five months later during the most recent follow-up. This report highlights the importance of renal histology to determine the accurate etiology of NS in patients with SLE. Circulating factors, including cytokines such as interleukin 13, may play a role in the pathophysiology of LP and needs to be studied further in future larger studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Aly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Xu Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Ratna Acharya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Kiran Upadhyay
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-9180; Fax: +1-352-273-9028
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rovin BH, Adler SG, Barratt J, Bridoux F, Burdge KA, Chan TM, Cook HT, Fervenza FC, Gibson KL, Glassock RJ, Jayne DR, Jha V, Liew A, Liu ZH, Mejía-Vilet JM, Nester CM, Radhakrishnan J, Rave EM, Reich HN, Ronco P, Sanders JSF, Sethi S, Suzuki Y, Tang SC, Tesar V, Vivarelli M, Wetzels JF, Floege J. KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases. Kidney Int 2021; 100:S1-S276. [PMID: 34556256 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 711] [Impact Index Per Article: 237.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
8
|
Long-term renal outcomes of mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis in Chinese patients. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 41:429-436. [PMID: 34549340 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the long-term outcomes of mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis (LN class II) and the factors associated with its relapse and histological transformation in Chinese patients. METHODS 104 SLE patients with biopsy-proven LN class II were included and divided into proteinuria group (proteinuria ≥ 0.4 g/24 h, with or without microscopic hematuria) and hematuria group (microscopic hematuria with proteinuria < 0.4 g/24 h).Patients were treated with glucocorticoid alone (GC monotherapy) or GC in combination with other immunosuppressant (combination therapy). The rates of remission, relapse, histological transformation, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), adverse events, and risk factors related to the outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS During the median follow-up of 77.5 (IQR 58-116.5) months, all the 104 patients achieved remission. Relapse occurred in 69 cases (66.3%), of which 37 were of renal relapse (35.6%). Histological transformation was found in 14 of the 16 (87.5%) cases who received repeated renal biopsy after renal relapse. At the end of follow-up, 3 (2.9%) patients developed ESRD. There were no significant differences in the rates of relapse, histological transformation, adverse events and in the time from remission to relapse between the proteinuria group and the hematuria group. In contrast, the cumulative relapse rate in the GC monotherapy group was much higher than that in the combination group (P < 0.01). Adverse events occurred in 55 (57.3%) patients during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Patients with LN class II have high rates of relapse and renal histological transformation and need optimal maintenance therapy. KEY POINTS • The rates of relapse and histological transformation are high in patients with LN class II. • Patients with LN class II are suggested to receive combination therapy and consider repeat renal biopsy after renal relapse.
Collapse
|
9
|
Aguirre A, Urisman A, Margaretten M. Starting off on the right foot: A 22-year-old woman with leg swelling. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 74:701-708. [PMID: 34197038 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A previously healthy 22-year-old woman was in the second trimester of her first pregnancy when she developed new lower extremity edema. Her pregnancy course had been unremarkable, and she was receiving routine obstetric care from her family physician. One week prior to admission she developed progressive swelling in her legs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Aguirre
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pathology
| | - Mary Margaretten
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weiner SM, Waldherr R. Stellenwert der Nierenbiopsie bei Lupusnephritis. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1121-8852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungBei systemischem Lupus erythematodes (SLE) findet sich häufig eine renale Mitbeteiligung, der verschiedene pathogenetische Mechanismen zugrunde liegen. Die Nierenbeteiligung hat einen negativen Einfluss auf die Prognose des SLE, insbesondere bei progredienter Niereninsuffizienz. Eine Nierenbiopsie ist aufgrund der Heterogenität der Nierenbeteiligung und der damit verbundenen therapeutischen Konsequenzen unabdingbar. Sie kann durch nicht-invasive Untersuchungen wie die Urindiagnostik oder Serologie nicht ersetzt werden, da das Ausmaß der Proteinurie oder der Mikrohämaturie keine sicheren Rückschlüsse auf den Schweregrad, die Pathogenese und die Prognose der Nierenbeteiligung erlauben. Die Nierenbiopsie gibt neben der korrekten Klassifikation der Lupusnephritis (LN) Informationen über die Mitbeteiligung des Niereninterstitium, der intrarenalen Gefäße und der Aktivität sowie Chronizität der Nephritis. Auch kann der Pathologe die Frage beantworten, inwieweit mit einer Besserung der Nierenfunktion unter Therapie gerechnet werden kann. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stellenwert der Nierenbiopsie bei SLE, der revidierten Klassifikation der LN von 2018 einschließlich Sonderformen der LN und über die Implikationen des Biopsie-Ergebnisses für die Therapie.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Markus Weiner
- 2. Medizinische Abteilung, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Trier
- KfH Nierenzentrum Nordallee, KfH Kuratorium für Dialyse und Nierentransplantation e. V., Trier
| | - Rüdiger Waldherr
- Pathologisches Institut, Ruprecht Karls Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yuan F, Wei F, Wang J, You Y. Clinical aspects and risk factors of lupus nephritis: a retrospective study of 156 adult patients. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:5070-5081. [PMID: 31510838 PMCID: PMC6833424 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519871812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations, laboratory indexes, disease activity, and pathological types of lupus nephritis (LN) in adult patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations, laboratory indexes, and pathological classifications of 156 adult patients first diagnosed with LN between July 2013 and November 2017. Patients were categorized according to the following criteria: active or inactive LN, LN with or without renal damage, and mild or severe LN. Results Immunoglobulin G and A levels, 24-hour proteinuria, and anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, and anti-ribosomal P protein antibody positivity rates were all significantly increased in patients with active LN compared with inactive LN. Anti-dsDNA antibody positivity and 24-hour proteinuria were significantly increased, whereas hemoglobin, serum albumin, and C3 and C4 levels were significantly decreased in patients with LN and renal damage compared with those without renal damage. Anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm antibody positivity rates and 24-hour proteinuria were significantly increased, while hemoglobin, serum albumin, C3 and C4 levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were significantly decreased in patients with severe LN compared with patients with mild LN. Conclusions LN can display various clinical manifestations, laboratory indexes, levels of disease activity, and pathological types in adult patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Wei
- Department of Outpatients, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwu You
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ayoub I, Cassol C, Almaani S, Rovin B, Parikh SV. The Kidney Biopsy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A View of the Past and a Vision of the Future. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2019; 26:360-368. [PMID: 31733720 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The kidney biopsy advanced our understanding of kidney disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. It allowed for better recognition and classification of lupus nephritis (LN). Several LN classifications have been devised in an effort to inform treatment decision and predict prognosis, and these are being further updated. In this review, we will examine the role of diagnostic as well as repeat kidney biopsy in the management of LN, including the potential role of molecular interrogation as a step forward beyond conventional histology to guide the discovery of novel biomarkers and a precision medicine approach to the management of LN.
Collapse
|
13
|
Oliva-Damaso N, Payan J, Oliva-Damaso E, Pereda T, Bomback AS. Lupus Podocytopathy: An Overview. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2019; 26:369-375. [PMID: 31733721 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In systemic lupus erythematosus, nephrotic-range proteinuria typically signals the presence of a proliferative lupus nephritis (class III/IV) and/or membranous lupus nephritis (class V, with or without concomitant class III or IV lesions). However, in rare instances, systemic lupus erythematosus patients with nephrotic syndrome have kidney biopsy findings of normal glomeruli or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions, with or without mesangial proliferation, on light microscopy; the absence of subepithelial or subendothelial deposits on immunofluorescence and electron microscopy; and diffuse foot process effacement on electron microscopy. This pattern, termed lupus podocytopathy, is a unique form of lupus nephritis that mimics minimal change disease or primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and represents approximately 1% of lupus nephritis biopsies. Here we review the clinical features, histological manifestations, diagnostic criteria and classification, pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis of lupus podocytopathy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sakhi H, Moktefi A, Bouachi K, Audard V, Hénique C, Remy P, Ollero M, El Karoui K. Podocyte Injury in Lupus Nephritis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091340. [PMID: 31470591 PMCID: PMC6780135 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a broad spectrum of renal lesions. In lupus glomerulonephritis, histological classifications are based on immune-complex (IC) deposits and hypercellularity lesions (mesangial and/or endocapillary) in the glomeruli. However, there is compelling evidence to suggest that glomerular epithelial cells, and podocytes in particular, are also involved in glomerular injury in patients with SLE. Podocytes now appear to be not only subject to collateral damage due to glomerular capillary lesions secondary to IC and inflammatory processes, but they are also a potential direct target in lupus nephritis. Improvements in our understanding of podocyte injury could improve the classification of lupus glomerulonephritis. Indeed, podocyte injury may be prominent in two major presentations: lupus podocytopathy and glomerular crescent formation, in which glomerular parietal epithelial cells play also a key role. We review here the contribution of podocyte impairment to different presentations of lupus nephritis, focusing on the podocyte signaling pathways involved in these lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Sakhi
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Anissa Moktefi
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Pathology, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Khedidja Bouachi
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Audard
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Carole Hénique
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Remy
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mario Ollero
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Khalil El Karoui
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France.
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France.
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lupus podocytopathy: a distinct entity of lupus nephritis. J Nephrol 2017; 31:629-634. [PMID: 29270846 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-017-0463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients clinically presenting with nephrotic syndrome demonstrating minimal change disease (MCD), mesangial proliferation (MsP) or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), while on electronic microscopy, diffuse podocyte foot process effacement in absence of sub-epithelial or sub-endothelial deposition is the only morphological feature and now diagnosed as lupus podocytopathy. Lupus podocytopathy with glomerular morphology of MCD or MsP usually presents with typical nephrotic syndrome and sensitive to glucocorticoid treatment, but the relapse rate could reach up to 90% on maintenance treatment with glucocorticoid alone. Glucocorticoid plus other immunosuppressive agents could significantly decrease the relapse rate. Lupus podocytopathy with FSGS presents with a higher rate of acute kidney injury and less sensitivity to glucocorticoid treatment. The long-term outcomes of lupus podocytopathy are optimistic, but pathological transition could occur after renal relapses. The unique clinical and morphological features of lupus podocytopathy indicate that this special SLE-associated glomerulopathy should be included in the upcoming revised pathological classification of lupus nephritis.
Collapse
|