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He Y, Xu R, Zhai B, Fang Y, Hou C, Xing C, Xiao H, Chen G, Wang X, Ma N, Han G, Wang R. Hspa13 Promotes Plasma Cell Production and Antibody Secretion. Front Immunol 2020; 11:913. [PMID: 32547538 PMCID: PMC7272575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of large numbers of plasma cells (PCs) is a main factor in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We hypothesize that Hspa13, a member of the heat shock protein family, plays a critical role in the control of PC differentiation. To test the hypothesis, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated B cells and a newly established mouse line with a CD19cre-mediated, B cell–specific deletion of Hspa13: Hspa13 cKO mice. We found that Hspa13 mRNA was increased in PCs from atacicept-treated lupus-prone mice and in LPS-stimulated plasmablasts (PBs) and PCs. A critical finding was that PBs and PCs [but not naïve B cells and germinal center (GC) B cells] expressed high levels of Hspa13. In contrast, the Hspa13 cKO mice had a reduction in BPs, PCs, and antibodies induced in vitro by LPS and in vivo by sheep red blood cells (SRCs)- or 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl (NP)-immunization. Accordingly, the Hspa13 cKO mice had reduced class-switched and somatically hypermutated antibodies with defective affinity maturation. Our work also showed that Hspa13 interacts with proteins (e.g., Bcap31) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to positively regulate protein transport from the ER to the cytosol. Importantly, Hspa13 mRNA was increased in B220+ cells from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) or SLE, whereas Hspa13 cKO led to reduced autoantibodies and proteinuria in both pristane-induced lupus and lupus-prone MRL/lpr mouse models. Collectively, our data suggest that Hspa13 is critical for PC development and may be a new target for eliminating pathologic PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdi He
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhai
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Rheumatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Xing
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Staidson (Beijing) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renxi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Liu X, Zhu G, Han G, Chen G, Hou C, Wang T, Shen B, Li Y, Xiao H, Ma N, Wang R. Anti‑IL‑39 (IL‑23p19/Ebi3) polyclonal antibodies ameliorate autoimmune symptoms in lupus‑like mice. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1660-1666. [PMID: 29138852 PMCID: PMC5780108 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-12 family cytokines have been examined as therapeutic targets in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. Our previous study showed that a novel IL-12 family cytokine, IL-39 (IL-23p19/Ebi3) mediates inflammation in lupus-like mice. In the present study, the effect of anti-mouse IL-39 polyclonal antibodies on autoimmune symptoms in lupus-like mice was investigated. Rabbit anti-mouse IL-39 polyclonal antibodies were produced by immunization with recombinant mouse IL-39, and purified using protein A chromatography. These antibodies were subsequently used to treat lupus-like mice. Flow cytometry, captured images, ELISA and H&E staining were used to determine the effect of anti-IL-39 polyclonal antibodies on inflammatory cells, autoantibody titers, proteinuria, infiltrating inflammatory cells and the structure of the glomerular region. The anti-IL-39 polyclonal antibodies effectively reduced the numbers of inflammatory cells, splenomegaly, autoantibody titers, proteinuria, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and restored the structure of the glomerular region in MRL/lpr mice. Taken together, these results suggested that anti-IL-39 polyclonal antibodies ameliorated autoimmune symptoms in lupus-like mice. Therefore, IL-39 may be used as a possible target for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Zhiding Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Gaizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - He Xiao
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Renxi Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
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Xing C, Zhu G, Xiao H, Fang Y, Liu X, Han G, Chen G, Hou C, Shen B, Li Y, Ma N, Wang R. B cells regulate thymic CD8 +T cell differentiation in lupus-prone mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89486-89499. [PMID: 29163765 PMCID: PMC5685686 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that under normal physiological conditions thymic B cells play a critical function in T cell negative selection. We tested the effect of thymic B cells on thymic T-cell differentiation in autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We found that thymic B cells and CD8- CD4+ and CD4-CD8+T cells increased, whereas CD4+CD8+T cells decreased in lupus-prone mice. Once B cells were reduced, the change was reversed. Furthermore, we found that B cells blocked thymic immature single positive (ISP) CD4-CD8+CD3lo/-RORγt- T cells progression into CD4+CD8+T cells. Interestingly, we found a novel population of thymic immature T cells (CD4-CD8+CD3loRORγt+) that were induced into mature CD4-CD8+CD3+RORγt+T cells by B cells in lupus-prone mice. Importantly, we found that IgG, produced by thymic B cells, played a critical role in the differentiation of thymic CD8+ISP and mature RORγt+CD8+ T cells in lupus-prone mice. In conclusion, B cells blocked the differentiation from thymic CD8+ISP and induced the differentiation of a novel immature CD4-CD8+CD3loRORγt+T cells into mature RORγt+CD8+ T cells by secreting IgG antibody in lupus-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xing
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - He Xiao
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Rheumatology, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Nephrology, The 307th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Renxi Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xiao H, Liu X, Zhu G, Yu D, Han G, Chen G, Hou C, Ma N, Shen B, Li Y, Wang T, Wang R. Foxd3 suppresses interleukin-10 expression in B cells. Immunology 2017; 150:478-488. [PMID: 27995618 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10-positive (IL-10+ ) regulatory B (Breg) cells play an important role in restraining excessive inflammatory responses by secreting IL-10. However, it is still unclear what key transcription factors determine Breg cell differentiation. Hence, we explore what transcription factor plays a key role in the expression of IL-10, a pivotal cytokine in Breg cells. We used two types of web-based prediction software to predict transcription factors binding the IL-10 promoter and found that IL-10 promoter had many binding sites for Foxd3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR assay demonstrated that Foxd3 directly binds the predicted binding sites around the start codon upstream by -1400 bp. Further, we found that Foxd3 suppressed the activation of IL-10 promoter by using an IL-10 promoter report system. Finally, knocking out Foxd3 effectively promotes Breg cell production by up-regulating IL-10 expression. Conversely, up-regulated Foxd3 expression was negatively associated with IL-10+ Breg cells in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. Hence, our data suggest that Foxd3 suppresses the production of IL-10+ Breg cells by directly binding the IL-10 promoter. This study demonstrates the mechanism for Breg cell production and its application to the treatment of autoimmune diseases by regulating Foxd3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiding Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Xiao
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Nephrology, The 307th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Gaizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Renxi Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Wang X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhu G, Han G, Chen G, Hou C, Wang T, Ma N, Shen B, Li Y, Xiao H, Wang R. Interleukin (IL)-39 [IL-23p19/Epstein-Barr virus-induced 3 (Ebi3)] induces differentiation/expansion of neutrophils in lupus-prone mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 186:144-156. [PMID: 27400195 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 family cytokines play critical roles in autoimmune diseases. Our previous study has shown that IL-23p19 and Epstein-Barr virus-induced 3 (Ebi3) form a new IL-12 family heterodimer, IL-23p19/Ebi3, termed IL-39, and knock-down of p19 or Ebi3 reduced diseases by transferred GL7+ B cells in lupus-prone mice. In the present study, we explore further the possible effect of IL-39 on murine lupus. We found that IL-39 in vitro and in vivo induces differentiation and/or expansion of neutrophils. GL7+ B cells up-regulated neutrophils by secreting IL-39, whereas IL-39-deficient GL7+ B cells lost the capacity to up-regulate neutrophils in lupus-prone mice and homozygous CD19cre (CD19-deficient) mice. Finally, we found that IL-39-induced neutrophils had a positive feedback on IL-39 expression in activated B cells by secreting B cell activation factor (BAFF). Taken together, our results suggest that IL-39 induces differentiation and/or expansion of neutrophils in lupus-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - X Liu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Nephrology, the 307th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Z Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - G Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - G Han
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - G Chen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C Hou
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - T Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - N Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - B Shen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Li
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H Xiao
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - R Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhu G, Han G, Chen G, Hou C, Wang T, Shen B, Li Y, Ma N, Xiao H, Wang R. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 is involved in B-cell-related tumor apoptosis. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1469-78. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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7
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Wang X, Wei Y, Xiao H, Liu X, Zhang Y, Han G, Chen G, Hou C, Ma N, Shen B, Li Y, Egwuagu CE, Wang R. A novel IL-23p19/Ebi3 (IL-39) cytokine mediates inflammation in Lupus-like mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1343-50. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yinxiang Wei
- Laboratory of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing China
- Institute of Immunology; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - He Xiao
- Laboratory of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Laboratory of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing China
- Department of Nephrology; The 307 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Beijing China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing China
- College of Pharmacy; Henan University; Kaifeng China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Laboratory of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- Laboratory of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Laboratory of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology; First hospital of Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Laboratory of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Charles E. Egwuagu
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI); National Institutes of Health (NIH); Bethesda MD USA
| | - Renxi Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing China
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8
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Ruxolitinib Attenuates Cutaneous Lupus Development in a Mouse Lupus Model. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1912-1915. [PMID: 25789705 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Huang L, Lange MD, Yu Y, Li S, Su K, Zhang Z. Contribution of V(H) replacement products in mouse antibody repertoire. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57877. [PMID: 23469094 PMCID: PMC3585286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
VH replacement occurs through RAG-mediated recombination between the cryptic recombination signal sequence (cRSS) near the 3′ end of a rearranged VH gene and the 23-bp RSS from an upstream unrearranged VH gene. Due to the location of the cRSS, VH replacement leaves a short stretch of nucleotides from the previously rearranged VH gene at the newly formed V-D junction, which can be used as a marker to identify VH replacement products. To determine the contribution of VH replacement products to mouse antibody repertoire, we developed a Java-based VH Replacement Footprint Analyzer (VHRFA) program and analyzed 17,179 mouse IgH gene sequences from the NCBI database to identify VH replacement products. The overall frequency of VH replacement products in these IgH genes is 5.29% based on the identification of pentameric VH replacement footprints at their V-D junctions. The identified VH replacement products are distributed similarly in IgH genes using most families of VH genes, although different families of VH genes are used differentially. The frequencies of VH replacement products are significantly elevated in IgH genes derived from several strains of autoimmune prone mice and in IgH genes encoding autoantibodies. Moreover, the identified VH replacement footprints in IgH genes from autoimmune prone mice or IgH genes encoding autoantibodies preferentially encode positively charged amino acids. These results revealed a significant contribution of VH replacement products to the diversification of antibody repertoire and potentially, to the generation of autoantibodies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Miles D. Lange
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Yangsheng Yu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Song Li
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kaihong Su
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- The Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- The Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Avci P, Sadasivam M, Gupta A, De Melo WC, Huang YY, Yin R, Chandran R, Kumar R, Otufowora A, Nyame T, Hamblin MR. Animal models of skin disease for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:331-55. [PMID: 23293893 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.761202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discovery of novel drugs, treatments, and testing of consumer products in the field of dermatology is a multi-billion dollar business. Due to the distressing nature of many dermatological diseases, and the enormous consumer demand for products to reverse the effects of skin photodamage, aging, and hair loss, this is a very active field. AREAS COVERED In this paper, we will cover the use of animal models that have been reported to recapitulate to a greater or lesser extent the features of human dermatological disease. There has been a remarkable increase in the number and variety of transgenic mouse models in recent years, and the basic strategy for constructing them is outlined. EXPERT OPINION Inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases are all represented by a range of mouse models both transgenic and normal. Skin cancer is mainly studied in mice and fish. Wound healing is studied in a wider range of animal species, and skin infections such as acne and leprosy also have been studied in animal models. Moving to the more consumer-oriented area of dermatology, there are models for studying the harmful effect of sunlight on the skin, and testing of sunscreens, and several different animal models of hair loss or alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Avci
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Boston MA, USA
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11
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Animal models of lupus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Furukawa F, Yoshimasu T, Kanazawa N. [Pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus from LE-prone mice]. NIHON RINSHO MEN'EKI GAKKAI KAISHI = JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 33:169-73. [PMID: 20818144 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.33.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are similar but not identical to human diseases. However, they are important for research into the pathogenesis underlying autoimmune diseases because they allow us to evaluate similarities and differences between human diseases and mouse models. There are many inbred strains of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-prone mice including New Zealand Black (NZB), F1 hybrids of NZB x New Zealand White (NZW) (B/W F1), MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr), and BXSB mice. The postulated etiology of these murine diseases includes many genetic and extrinsic factors such as retroviruses, an impaired balance of T cell interaction, ultraviolet irradiation, etc. For examples, genetic studies of MRL/lpr mice revealed that the appearance of macroscopic LE-like skin lesions needs the lpr mutation plus an additional factor in an autosomal dominant fashion. The candidate is ultraviolet (UV) B light, the susceptibility to which is regulated by the genetic background. Such abnormalities described in SLE now span the spectrum from innate immunity to acquired immunity. In this review, based on historical review, we focus on skin lesions from the well-studied MRL/lpr and B/W F1 mouse and discuss how SLE-prone mice can contribute to a better understanding of cutaneous LE pathogenesis.
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13
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Lin JH, Dutz JP, Sontheimer RD, Werth VP. Pathophysiology of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2007; 33:85-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-007-0031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Hiroi A, Ito T, Seo N, Uede K, Yoshimasu T, Ito M, Nakamura K, Ito N, Paus R, Furukawa F. Male New Zealand Black/KN mice: a novel model for autoimmune-induced permanent alopecia? Br J Dermatol 2006; 155:437-45. [PMID: 16882186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irreversible, permanent and scarring alopecia is associated with several autoimmune diseases, including all autoimmune connective tissue disorders. The pathogenesis of autoimmune-induced permanent alopecia (APA) is still poorly understood, and instructive, simple mouse models for the study of APA are needed urgently. During the course of our studies in a well-established mouse model for chronic rheumatoid arthritis, the New Zealand Black/KN (NZB/KN) mouse, we noticed that ageing male NZB/KN mice developed spontaneous APA. OBJECTIVES To study whether alopecia seen in ageing male NZB/KN mice displays key features of human APA and may, thus, be a useful new mouse model for clinically relevant APA research. METHODS NZB/KN, the F1 hybrid of NZW/N Slc x NZB/KN (W/BKN F1), the F1 hybrid of NZB/KN x NZW/N Slc (BKN/W F1), and the F2 hybrid of W/BKN F1 x W/BKN F1 mice were employed in this study, in order to check which strain carries the highest risk of alopecia development. Besides routine histology, CD3, CD4 and CD8 expression as well as immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM deposition in hair follicles were investigated by immunohistology/immunofluorescence. Mast cell distribution/degranulation and Ki-67 (proliferation)/TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling) (apoptosis) positive cells were also analysed. RESULTS Only F2 male NZB/KN mice were prone to develop alopecia, suggesting that Y chromosome-associated gene(s) are involved in the pathogenesis of APA, which incidence rises with increasing age. The lesional alopecia skin in 12-month-old male NZB/KN mice showed a sharp decline in hair follicle density, thus meeting a key criterion of permanent alopecia. Both macroscopically and histologically, the alopecia seen in these mice resembled in many respects different stages of clinical APA, such as alopecia associated with chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) in humans. Lesional APA hair follicles in mice displayed intrafollicular and perifollicular mononuclear cell infiltrates, as well as an increased number of activated (degranulated) perifollicular mast cells. In the fully developed lesion, many CD4+ cells were seen in perifollicular locations, including the epithelial stem cell region (bulge), and also contained a few CD8+ T cells. IgM deposits were found in the follicular basement membrane zone (BMZ). Both in the bulge and the hair matrix region of the affected anagen hair follicles, there were signs of massive keratinocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our currently available data suggest that male but not female NZB/KN mice may indeed represent a suitable mouse model for APA, with some similarities to the permanent alopecia seen in human DLE patients, although additional and confirmatory investigations are needed before this mouse strain can be accepted as a murine equivalent of APA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hiroi
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama, Japan
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Photosensitivity in Lupus Erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1571-5078(05)05005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Nishide T, Yoshimasu T, Ikeda T, Seo N, Ohtani T, Furukawa F. Cytokine profiles of skin lesions in murine lupus models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.descs.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Furukawa F, Yoshimasu T. Animal models of spontaneous and drug-induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2005; 4:345-50. [PMID: 16081025 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2005.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Skin lesions are one of the most common manifestations of lupus erythematosus (LE) disorders such as systemic LE and discoid LE. The etiology of cutaneous LE is not fully understood. To address this issue, appropriate animal models frequently clarify the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, although no single animal model perfectly mimics a human disease. A common dermatological finding in many SLE-prone mouse strains is the deposition of immunoglobulins at the dermoepidermal junction. Over the past decade, the most exciting and important finding has been the discovery of the Fas-defect in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune MRL/lpr mouse, which is a good model for the spontaneous development of skin lesions similar to those seen in human LE. The analysis of MRL/lpr mice showed a close association between immunoglobulin deposits and the appearance of skin lesions. Transgenic and knock out mice have advanced the investigation of cutaneous LE. Furthermore, the model of drug-induced cutaneous LE can yield additional insight since the trigger is clear in drug-induced LE. Cutaneous LE lesions can also be induced in TCRalpha-/- mice treated with fluorouracil and ultraviolet B light irradiation. Studies on both spontaneous and experimental models will elucidate the pathogenesis of complicated and multifactorial cutaneous LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukumi Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
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Abstract
Mouse models are similar but not identical to human diseases. However, they are important for research into the pathogenesis underlying autoimmune diseases because they allow us to evaluate similarities and differences between human diseases and mouse models. In fact, experimental models and inbred lupus-prone mice are tools that enable a better understanding of the 'photosensitivity' or 'photocytotoxicity' phenomena in relation to autoimmunity. Genetic studies of MRL/lpr mice revealed that the appearance of macroscopic lupus erythematosus (LE)-like skin lesions needs the lpr mutation plus an additional factor in an autosomal dominant fashion. The candidate is ultraviolet (UV) B light, the susceptibility to which is regulated by the genetic background. Such a genetic background is also speculated to be important in human cutaneous LE patients. The translocation of anti-SS-A/Ro on cultured keratinocytes irradiated with UVB light is quantitatively different from photocytotoxicity, and the quantitative levels are significantly higher in systemic LE and subacute cutaneous LE than in discoid LE and normal controls. This review focuses on the lessons gleaned from mouse and human models, and discusses photosensitivity in human cutaneous LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukumi Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, 641-0012, Wakayama, Japan.
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Yoshimasu T, Nishide T, Seo N, Hiroi A, Ohtani T, Uede K, Furukawa F. Susceptibility of T cell receptor-alpha chain knock-out mice to ultraviolet B light and fluorouracil: a novel model for drug-induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 136:245-54. [PMID: 15086387 PMCID: PMC1809037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil (FU) frequently induces cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) lesions on sun exposed sites. Based on this observation, we have tried to establish a cutaneous LE model of C57BL/6 J (B6) mice, B6 T cell receptor (TCR)-alpha(-/-) mice and B6 TCR-delta(-/-) mice treated with FU and/or ultraviolet B light (UVBL) in order to clarify the role of T cells and the cytokine profile of cutaneous lupus lesions. Cutaneous LE-like skin lesions could be induced in TCR-alpha(-/-) mice with low FU (0.2 mg) plus UVBL, and in B6 mice treated with a high dose of FU (2.0 mg) plus UVBL. In contrast, low FU plus UVBL induced such skin lesions in TCR-delta(-/-) mice at a very low incidence. Specifically, the skin lesions of TCR-alpha(-/-) mice with low FU plus UVBL appeared more rapidly and were more severe than lesions in B6 mice. The former had the common characteristic features of human chronic cutaneous LE such as typical histology, positive IgG at the dermoepidermal junction, low antinuclear antibody and low mortality. Furthermore, a Th1 response was induced in the development of drug-induced cutaneous LE. FU and UVBL-induced cutaneous LE-like eruption is an excellent model for better understanding the pathomechanisms of skin lesion development in LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshimasu
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Kok MR, Baum BJ, Tak PP, Pillemer SR. Use of localised gene transfer to develop new treatment strategies for the salivary component of Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62:1038-46. [PMID: 14583564 PMCID: PMC1754372 DOI: 10.1136/ard.62.11.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) might be developed locally by introducing genes encoding cytokines, which are potentially anti-inflammatory, or by introducing a cDNA encoding a soluble form of a key cytokine receptor, which can act as an antagonist and decrease the availability of certain cytokines, such as soluble tumour necrosis factor alpha receptors. Currently, the preferred choice of viral vector for immunomodulatory gene transfer is recombinant adeno-associated virus. The use of gene transfer to help determine the pathophysiology and to alter the course of the SS-like disease in the NOD mouse model can ultimately lead to the development of new treatments for managing the salivary component in patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kok
- Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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21
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Abstract
SLE susceptibility requires the interplay of an unknown number of genes and equally unidentified triggering events. The past few years have seen significant advances in our understanding of SLE susceptibility through the genetic analysis of murine models. The NZM2410 strain, which is derived from the NZB/WF1 model has played a significant role in these advances. The main advantages presented by this strain over other models are the genetic homozygozity at all loci and an highly penetrant early onset lupus nephritis in both males and females, indicating that the strongest BWF1 susceptibility loci were retained in NZM2410. After identification of NZM2410 susceptibility loci via linkage analyses, congenic strains have been derived in order to convert a polygenic system into a series of monogenic traits. These congenic strains have been analyzed in an integrated process which has provided simultaneously 1) novel functional characterization of the Sle susceptibility loci, 2) high resolution genetic maps that will lead to the identification of the corresponding susceptibility genes by either candidate locus or positional cloning, and 3) insights into the mechanisms by which these loci interact to produce systemic autoimmunity with fatal end-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Morel
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0275, USA.
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Sharma K, Wang RX, Zhang LY, Yin DL, Luo XY, Solomon JC, Jiang RF, Markos K, Davidson W, Scott DW, Shi YF. Death the Fas way: regulation and pathophysiology of CD95 and its ligand. Pharmacol Ther 2000; 88:333-47. [PMID: 11337030 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(00)00096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death mediated by the members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family is an essential process involved in the regulation of cellular homeostasis during development, differentiation, and pathophysiological conditions. Among the cell death receptors comprising the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, CD95/APO-1 (Fas) is the best characterized. The specific interaction of Fas with its cognate ligand, Fas ligand (FasL), elicits the activation of a death-inducing caspase (cysteine aspartic acid proteases) cascade, occurring in a transcription-independent manner. Caspase activation executes the apoptosis process by cleaving various intracellular substrates, leading to genomic DNA fragmentation, cell membrane blebbing, and the exposure of phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Recent studies have shown that the Fas/FasL pathway plays an important role in regulating the life and death of the immune system through activation-induced cell death. In addition, these molecules have been implicated in aging, human immunodeficiency virus infection, drug abuse, stress, and cancer development. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms that regulate Fas and FasL expression, and how their deregulation leads to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sharma
- Department of Immunology, Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD 20855, USA
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