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Abdulfattah SY, Samawi FT. The etiological effect and genetic risk of +252 A/G variant of TNF-β gene related to the susceptibility of urinary tract infection in a sample of Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes: A case control study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1073. [PMID: 36704423 PMCID: PMC9869710 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection in type 2 diabetes patients. TNF-β is a cytokine with multiple functions in immunomodulatory and inflammatory mechanisms. The variation at position +252 A/G of TNF-β impacts both gene expression and plasma concentration of TNF-β proteins. The findings may shed light on the genetic factors that predispose diabetic patients in Iraq to UTIs. Methods A total of 200 individuals were divided into 100 patients with type 2 diabetes, categorized according to UTI, and 100 control subjects. Genetic analysis of +252 A/G of the TNF-β gene was carried out using the TaqMan probe allele discrimination method. The level of TNF-β was estimated by the ELISA technique. Results In the recessive model (GG vs. AA/AG) of TNF-β + 252 A/G in T2D/UTI patients compared to controls, a significant association p = 0.029 (OR: 2.8; CI 95% = 1.14-7.09): E = 15.6% was observed. Furthermore, in T2D patients without UTI, the dominant model AA versus AG/GG was associated with a preventive role P: 31.3% (OR: 0.4; CI 95% = 0.22-0.88) and a p value = (0.02). Overall, AG proportions showed a high level of TNF-β within the control group p = 0.03, while all proportions of the +252 A/G showed significant differences in TNF-β level between groups p ≤ 0.05. Pearson's correlation analysis observed a link between TNF- levels, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and HbA1c. Conclusion In T2D patients, the G allele may be linked to a higher probability of UTI, as well as an increased level of TNF-β in a genotype-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Y. Abdulfattah
- Medical and Molecular Department, Biotechnology Research CenterAl‐Nahrain University, JadriyaBaghdadIraq
| | - Farah T. Samawi
- Medical and Molecular Department, Biotechnology Research CenterAl‐Nahrain University, JadriyaBaghdadIraq
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2
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Association of TNF-α −308G>A and TNF-β +252A>G genes polymorphisms with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2016; 27:791-796. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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3
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Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Gani AR, Mansuri MS, Begum R. Tumor necrosis factor B (TNFB) genetic variants and its increased expression are associated with vitiligo susceptibility. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81736. [PMID: 24312346 PMCID: PMC3842287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in TNFB are involved in the regulation of its expression and are found to be associated with various autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine whether TNFB +252A/G (rs909253) and exon 3 C/A (rs1041981) polymorphisms are associated with vitiligo susceptibility, and expression of TNFB and ICAM1 affects the disease onset and progression. We have earlier reported the role of TNFA in autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo, and we now show the involvement of TNFB in vitiligo pathogenesis. The two polymorphisms investigated in the TNFB were in strong linkage disequilibrium and significantly associated with vitiligo. TNFB and ICAM1 transcripts were significantly increased in patients compared to controls. Active vitiligo patients showed significant increase in TNFB transcripts compared to stable vitiligo. The genotype-phenotype analysis revealed that TNFB expression levels were higher in patients with GG and AA genotypes as compared to controls. Patients with the early age of onset and female patients showed higher TNFB and ICAM1 expression. Overall, our findings suggest that the increased TNFB transcript levels in vitiligo patients could result, at least in part, from variations at the genetic level which in turn leads to increased ICAM1 expression. For the first time, we show that TNFB +252A/G and exon 3 C/A polymorphisms are associated with vitiligo susceptibility and influence the TNFB and ICAM1 expression. Moreover, the study also emphasizes influence of TNFB and ICAM1 on the disease progression, onset and gender bias for developing vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C. Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Amina R. Gani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
- * E-mail:
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Qian J, Pujiang, Ju S. Correlations Between Allelic Polymorphism of TNFβ in 1069 Locus and Severe Post-Trauma Sepsis. Lab Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1309/lmhb91o2dlhybtzl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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5
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Cytokine networks in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:676284. [PMID: 20414360 PMCID: PMC2857803 DOI: 10.1155/2010/676284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease more prominent in women and characterized by multiple organ damage. Imbalance in cytokine production and cytokine levels correlates with SLE progression, making the understanding of SLE cytokine networks very important for SLE treatment strategy and drug development. In this article, we review cytokine networks that may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE by briefly describing abnormal cytokine production and serum cytokine levels in SLE patients. We also focus on the pathological roles of cytokines and their interactions in immunoregulatory networks and suggest how their disturbances may implicate in pathological conditions in SLE. Finally, we further discuss the influence of estrogen on these cytokine networks.
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Habib HM, Taher TE, Isenberg DA, Mageed RA. Enhanced propensity of T lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus to apoptosis in the presence of tumour necrosis factor alpha. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 38:112-20. [DOI: 10.1080/03009740802409496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Bradshaw S, Zheng WJ, Tsoi LC, Gilkeson G, Zhang XK. A role for Fli-1 in B cell proliferation: implications for SLE pathogenesis. Clin Immunol 2008; 129:19-30. [PMID: 18692443 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic overexpression of Fli-1 in normal mice leads to SLE-like disease and increased expression was reported in SLE-affected human and murine lymphocytes. Reducing Fli-1 expression in MRL/lpr mice decreased antibody production, proteinuria, renal pathology, and mortality. Compared to those with wild-type expression of Fli-1, we report here that proliferative responses of Fli-1-deficient naïve B cells to several mitogens were reduced in lupus-prone and control mice. Expression of mitogen receptors, including BCR, TLR4, and TLR9, was not significantly impacted in Fli-1-deficient naïve B cells. IL12a transcripts were upregulated and NFAT transcripts were downregulated in Fli-1-deficient MRL/lpr B cells. These results demonstrate that Fli-1 deficiency affects B cell proliferative responses to mitogens, independent of BCR and TLR expression. IL12a and NFAT, known to influence proliferation, were identified as potential mediators of this effect. This may be a mechanism by which overexpression of Fli-1 contributes to B cell hyperactivity and subsequent SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bradshaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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8
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Palikhe A, Sinisalo J, Seppänen M, Valtonen V, Nieminen MS, Lokki ML. Human MHC region harbors both susceptibility and protective haplotypes for coronary artery disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:47-55. [PMID: 17212707 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to study the role of human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region on coronary artery disease (CAD), we enrolled two separate patient materials and controls. First, heart transplantation recipients (n = 276) were divided into three subgroups according to the severity of atherosclerosis. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A-B-DR haplotype and gene frequencies were compared between groups. Second, patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (n = 100) and healthy controls (n = 74) were assessed by nine genetic MHC markers (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, LTA+253(a/g), LTA+496(C/T), LTA+633(c/g), LTA+724(C/A), C4A and C4B), and the frequencies were compared. In the heart transplantation recipients, HLA-DR1 was strongly associated with CAD [severe vs no evidence, odds ratio (OR) 2.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-4.25; P = 0.003]. Similarly, in the patients with ACS, HLA-DRB1*01 was associated with CAD (patients vs controls, OR 2.36; 95% CI 1.25-4.44; P = 0.007). HLA-DRB1*01 was associated with low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 5.32; 95% CI 1.64-17.26; P = 0.005) and smoking habit (OR 3.13; 95% CI 1.09-9.03; P = 0.035) as risk factors. The strongest protective gene was HLA-B*07 alone (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.24-0.88; P = 0.02) or together with the haplotype LTA+253a-LTA+633g-C4A3-C4B1 (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.22-0.57; P = 0.00001). In conclusion, human MHC region harbors genes that protect from and predispose to CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Palikhe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Liu Y, Berthier-Schaad Y, Plantinga L, Fink NE, Tracy RP, Kao WH, Klag MJ, Smith MW, Coresh J. Functional variants in the lymphotoxin-alpha gene predict cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:3158-66. [PMID: 16988060 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-beta that is encoded by lymphotoxin-alpha gene (LTA) regulates adhesion molecules and IL-6. Previously, a genome-wide case-control study showed that LTA gene variants predisposed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In a prospective study of 775 dialysis patients, LTA and IL-6 gene variants were tested as independent predictors of CVD risk. Four polymorphisms in the LTA gene and one in the IL-6 gene were genotyped. CVD events were ascertained from medical records. During a mean follow-up of 2.6 yr, 294 first-incident CVD events occurred. The LTA 26Asn variant predicted higher adjusted CVD risk (hazard ratio HR 1.33 for each additional copy of Asn allele; 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.55; P = 0.0003). Two other nonsynonymous polymorphisms in the LTA, 13Agr and 51Pro, were associated with lower inflammatory activity and CVD risk. LTA haplotypes (based on all four single-nucleotide polymorphisms) were associated with inflammatory markers and predicted CVD risk (P = 0.005) after adjustment. These LTA genotype associations were independent of the IL-6 -174G/C genotype association that was reported recently. LTA and IL-6 gene variants independently predicted risk for CVD among dialysis patients, suggesting that susceptibility in multiple inflammatory pathways contribute to the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Liu
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Takeuchi F, Nakano K, Nabeta H, Hong GH, Kawasugi K, Mori M, Okudaira H, Kuwata S, Tanimoto K. Genetic contribution of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) B + 252*2/2 genotype, but not the TNFa,b microsatellite alleles, to systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese patients. Int J Immunogenet 2006; 32:173-8. [PMID: 15932622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2005.00504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) B + 252 (TNFB) dimorphism and microsatellite polymorphisms of TNFa and TNFb to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was studied in Japanese patients. The TNFB dimorphism was determined using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method with NcoI digestion followed by specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. TNFa and TNFb microsatellite polymorphisms were determined using the DNA sequencer and GeneScan program (Applera Corporation, Foster City, CA) followed by specific PCR amplification. HLA-DRB1*15 typing was carried out by the PCR-sequence specific conformational polymorphism (SSCP) method. In SLE, the allele frequency of TNFB*2 significantly increased (68.9%, P < 0.05) and the genotype frequency of TNFB*2/2 also increased (52.8%, P < 0.05). TNFB*2 showed no significant linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DRB1*1501. The prevalence of TNFa13 and TNFb4 showed very slight increases, but these increases were not significant. An association analysis indicated that TNFB*2/2 conferred greater, or at least equal, susceptibility to SLE in Japanese patients in comparison with HLA-DRB1*1501. The TNFB*2/2 genotype may contribute additively with DRB1*1501 to SLE in Japanese patients. No association was observed between auto-antibodies and TNF. TNFB*2 is a genetic marker for SLE in Japanese patients, while TNFa and TNFb microsatellites are not associated with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Takeuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Allergy and Rheumatology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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El-Shabrawi Y, Wegscheider BJ, Weger M, Renner W, Posch U, Ulrich S, Ardjomand N, Hermann J. Polymorphisms within the tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter region in patients with HLA-B27-associated uveitis: association with susceptibility and clinical manifestations. Ophthalmology 2006; 113:695-700. [PMID: 16581430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The existence of genetic variations in a number of cytokines has been considered to influence susceptibility or relate to disease severity in various autoimmune diseases. Among these, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) promoter at nucleotides -308 and -238 are considered to be protective against inflammation in HLA-B27-positive individuals, whereas the SNP at position -857 has been associated with disease development in anterior uveitis. We investigate a hypothesized association between the TNF-alpha -857 C-to-T, -308 G-to-A, and the TNF-alpha -238 G-to-A SNPs and the presence of HLA-B27-associated uveitis. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. PARTICIPANTS One hundred fourteen Caucasian patients with HLA-B27-associated uveitis were studied. Mean age of patients was 44.9+/-14 years (range, 16-81), and mean duration of HLA-B27-associated uveitis was 115.6+/-104 months (range, 6 months-51 years). Eighty-six patients (75.4%) suffered from an additional systemic manifestation of the disease. Sixty-three unrelated healthy HLA-B27-positive blood donors and 88 unrelated healthy HLA-B27-negative individuals served as controls. METHODS Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. MAIN OUTCOME PARAMETERS Association of genotypes at positions -857, -308, and -238 of the TNF-alpha gene with disease development. RESULTS Frequencies of the TNF-alpha -308GA and TNF-alpha -238GA genotypes were significantly lower in patients with HLA-B27-associated uveitis (6.1% and 0%, respectively) when compared with the HLA-B27-negative control group, 23% at -308 (P = 0.003), and 7.9% at -238 (P = 0.0003). When compared with healthy HLA-B27-positive controls, a significantly lower frequency of the TNF-alpha -238GA genotype was found among patients (6.3%, P = 0.015). The frequency of the TNF-alpha -308GA genotype was also found to be lower in patients than among HLA-B27-positive control subjects, without, however, reaching statistical significance (6.1%, P = 0.07). No difference in frequencies was seen among the different groups for the SNPs at position -857. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that HLA-B27-positive individuals show a higher susceptibility towards development of an intraocular inflammation in the presence of an A allele at nucleotide -238 and, to a lesser degree, at nucleotide -308 of the TNF-alpha gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuf El-Shabrawi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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12
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Parks CG, Pandey JP, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS, Feghali-Bostwick CA, Feghali-Botswick CL, Cooper GS. Genetic polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF-beta in a population-based study of systemic lupus erythematosus: associations and interaction with the interleukin-1alpha-889 C/T polymorphism. Hum Immunol 2005; 65:622-31. [PMID: 15219382 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Revised: 03/09/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the role of TNF polymorphisms in SLE susceptibility remains unclear. Previous studies in different populations report an inconsistent association of the TNF-alpha -308A allele with SLE, sometimes depending on the presence of HLA-DR3. We examined the association of polymorphisms in TNF-alpha (-308G/A, -238G/A) and TNFbeta (+252A/G) in a population-based study of SLE in the southeastern United States and considered TNF-SLE associations with respect to HLA-DR3 and DR2 and the interleukin (IL)-1alpha -889C/T polymorphism, previously linked to SLE in this population. Genotypes were analyzed for 230 recently diagnosed SLE patients who met American College of Rheumatology classification criteria and 276 age- and sex-matched controls, randomly selected from driver's license registries. Carriage of the TNF-alpha -308A allele was significantly associated with SLE in Caucasians (OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.4, 3.9), but not African Americans. Analyses stratified by IL-1alpha -889 genotypes (C/C vs C/T or T/T) revealed independent associations of SLE with TNF-alpha -308A or HLA-DR2 and DR3. This reflected a significant interaction of TNF and IL-1 genotypes in Caucasians, and yielded a strong association (OR = 8.0, p < 0.00001) for the combined "HLA-DR3, TNF-alpha -308A, IL-1alpha -889C/C" genotype. These findings provide evidence of cytokine gene epistasis in SLE susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine G Parks
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
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Knight JC, Keating BJ, Kwiatkowski DP. Allele-specific repression of lymphotoxin-alpha by activated B cell factor-1. Nat Genet 2004; 36:394-9. [PMID: 15052269 DOI: 10.1038/ng1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2003] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation at the human LTA locus, encoding lymphotoxin-alpha, is associated with susceptibility to myocardial infarction, asthma and other diseases. By detailed haplotypic analysis of the locus, we identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at LTA+80 as a main predictor of LTA protein production by human B cells. We found that activated B-cell factor-1 (ABF-1) binds to this site in vitro and suppresses reporter gene expression, but only in the presence of the LTA+80A allele. Using haplotype-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation, we confirmed that ABF-1 is preferentially recruited to the low-producer allele in vivo. These findings provide a molecular model of how LTA expression may be genetically regulated by allele-specific recruitment of the transcriptional repressor ABF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Knight
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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Satoh T, Pandey JP, Okazaki Y, Yasuoka H, Kawakami Y, Ikeda Y, Kuwana M. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the inflammatory cytokine genes in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Haematol 2004; 124:796-801. [PMID: 15009068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of inflammatory cytokine genes were examined in 84 adult Japanese patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and 56 race-matched healthy controls. The SNPs examined were within the genes encoding tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (-238 G/A and -308 G/A), TNF-beta (+252 G/A), and interleukin (IL)-1beta (-511 C/T and +3953 T/C). Of these SNPs, the frequency of the TNF-beta (+252) G/G phenotype was significantly higher in ITP patients than in healthy controls (21% vs. 7%, P = 0.04, odds ratio = 3.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1-11.1), while no significant association was detected for the other SNPs. The distribution of the TNF-beta (+252) phenotype was not associated with human leucocyte antigen class II alleles or the therapeutic response in ITP patients. The frequency of circulating anti-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antibody-producing B cells was significantly higher in ITP patients with the TNF-beta (+252) G/G phenotype than in those with the G/A or A/A phenotype (11.9 +/- 4.9 vs. 6.8 +/- 4.9 and 3.7 +/- 2.8 per 10(5) peripheral blood mononuclear cells; P = 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively). These findings suggest that the SNP located at TNF-beta (+252) contributes to susceptibility to chronic ITP by controlling the autoreactive B-cell responses to platelet membrane glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Satoh
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Mageed RA, Isenberg DA. Tumour necrosis factor alpha in systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-DNA autoantibody production. Lupus 2003; 11:850-5. [PMID: 12529050 DOI: 10.1191/0961203302lu306rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNFalpha) is a cytokine with a wide range of diverse and at times paradoxical effects. These include immunoregulatory, lymphoid organogenesis and pro-inflammatory effects. In recent years, TNFalpha has become a focus of interest more for its inflammatory effects in a number of chronic autoimmune diseases. This interest culminated in the successful treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's diseases and ankylosing spondylitis with blocking antibodies or soluble TNFalpha receptors. Paradoxically, however, TNFalpha also has immunomodulatory effects in some autoimmune conditions such as lupus in some mouse models of the disease and in diabetes in the none-obese diabetic mouse. The role TNFalpha plays in human systemic lupus erythematosus is, however, controversial. In this article we review some of the studies carried out to elucidate the effects of TNFalpha in lupus disease and likely mechanisms of action. Further, we discuss recent data on the likely effects of blocking TNFalpha on anti-DNA autoantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Mageed
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Royal Free and University College London, The Windeyer Institute, London, UK.
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Abstract
Lupus is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with complex clinical manifestations. In humans, lupus, also known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), affects between 40 and 250 individuals, mostly females, in each 100 000 of the population. There are also a number of murine models of lupus widely used in studies of the genetics, immunopathology, and treatment of lupus. Human patients and murine models of lupus manifest a wide range of immunological abnormalities. The most pervasive of these are: (1) the ability to produce pathogenic autoantibodies; (2) lack of T- and B-lymphocyte regulation; and (3) defective clearance of autoantigens and immune complexes. This article briefly reviews immunological abnormalities and disease mechanisms characteristic of lupus autoimmunity and highlight recent studies on the use of gene therapy to target these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Mageed
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, London, UK
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Karim MY, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Khamashta MA, Hughes GR. Update on therapy--thalidomide in the treatment of lupus. Lupus 2001; 10:188-92. [PMID: 11315350 DOI: 10.1191/096120301677213822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thalidomide has been shown to be an effective treatment for cutaneous forms of lupus erythematous refractory to other therapies. Thalidomide has very serious side effects, including teratogenicity and neuropathy, which limit its clinical use in lupus to such severe refractory cases. Efficacy has been confirmed in several studies, although recurrence after discontinuation of treatment is frequent. More recent experience suggests that lower doses than originally used may be effective, which may result in a reduction in side effects. Much effort has been expended in studying the mechanisms of action of thalidomide, although as yet it is unclear which of the mechanisms identified to date contribute to its efficacy in treating cutaneous forms of lupus erythematosus. Identification of patients suitable for thalidomide therapy requires a rigorous selection process. Potential side effects should be clearly explained, particularly teratogenicity as many patients are young women. Written consent and a negative pregnancy test must be obtained prior to commencement of therapy. Reliable contraceptive measures should be strictly observed by patients taking thalidomide. Close clinical and neurophysiological supervision using nerve conduction studies should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Karim
- Lupus Research Unit, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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Abstract
TNF-alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the severity of different immune-regulated diseases including autoimmune diseases and transplantation. The gene for TNF-alpha is located within the MHC region on chromosome 6p21.3. This is a highly polymorphic region, and the TNF-alpha itself contains a large number of polymorphisms. Some of these polymorphisms form extended haplotypes with the HLA class I and II alleles. TNF polymorphisms have been investigated in different diseases and most often whenever there is an HLA association with the disease (for example IDDM and RA) association(s) with TNF polymorphisms has been described. There are many studies on the function of the TNF polymorphisms showing the influence of the different alleles on the in vitro and in vivo levels of TNF production. However, recent studies in animal models suggest that not only polymorphisms within the TNF cluster are important in the regulation of TNF production but also the receptors as well (TNF R). This suggests that investigating polymorphisms within the TNF cluster and TNF receptors will be important in understanding the role of TNF regulation in a given disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Hajeer
- School of Epidemiological Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Dean GS, Tyrrell-Price J, Crawley E, Isenberg DA. Cytokines and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2000; 59:243-51. [PMID: 10733469 PMCID: PMC1753117 DOI: 10.1136/ard.59.4.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G S Dean
- Centre for Rheumatology/ Bloomsbury Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University College, London, UK
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