1
|
Badner A, Cummings BJ. The endogenous progenitor response following traumatic brain injury: a target for cell therapy paradigms. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2351-2354. [PMID: 35535870 PMCID: PMC9120693 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is ample evidence that central nervous system progenitor pools respond to traumatic brain injury, the reported effects are variable and likely contribute to both recovery as well as pathophysiology. Through a better understanding of the diverse progenitor populations in the adult brain and their niche-specific reactions to traumatic insult, treatments can be tailored to enhance the benefits and dampen the deleterious effects of this response. This review provides an overview of endogenous precursors, the associated effects on cognitive recovery, and the potential of exogenous cell therapeutics to modulate these endogenous repair mechanisms. Beyond the hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles, more recently identified sites of adult neurogenesis, the meninges, as well as circumventricular organs, are also discussed as targets for endogenous repair. Importantly, this review highlights that progenitor proliferation alone is no longer a meaningful outcome and studies must strive to better characterize precursor spatial localization, transcriptional profile, morphology, and functional synaptic integration. With improved insight and a more targeted approach, the stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis remains a promising strategy for recovery following traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Badner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Brian J. Cummings
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He Z, Lang L, Hui J, Ma Y, Yang C, Weng W, Huang J, Zhao X, Zhang X, Liang Q, Jiang J, Feng J. Brain Extract of Subacute Traumatic Brain Injury Promotes the Neuronal Differentiation of Human Neural Stem Cells via Autophagy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102709. [PMID: 35628836 PMCID: PMC9145659 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: After a traumatic brain injury (TBI), the cell environment is dramatically changed, which has various influences on grafted neural stem cells (NSCs). At present, these influences on NSCs have not been fully elucidated, which hinders the finding of an optimal timepoint for NSC transplantation. Methods: Brain extracts of TBI mice were used in vitro to simulate the different phase TBI influences on the differentiation of human NSCs. Protein profiles of brain extracts were analyzed. Neuronal differentiation and the activation of autophagy and the WNT/CTNNB pathway were detected after brain extract treatment. Results: Under subacute TBI brain extract conditions, the neuronal differentiation of hNSCs was significantly higher than that under acute brain extract conditions. The autophagy flux and WNT/CTNNB pathway were activated more highly within the subacute brain extract than in the acute brain extract. Autophagy activation by rapamycin could rescue the neuronal differentiation of hNSCs within acute TBI brain extract. Conclusions: The subacute phase around 7 days after TBI in mice could be a candidate timepoint to encourage more neuronal differentiation after transplantation. The autophagy flux played a critical role in regulating neuronal differentiation of hNSCs and could serve as a potential target to improve the efficacy of transplantation in the early phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui He
- Brain Injury Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Z.H.); (L.L.); (J.H.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.); (J.J.)
| | - Lijian Lang
- Brain Injury Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Z.H.); (L.L.); (J.H.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.); (J.J.)
| | - Jiyuan Hui
- Brain Injury Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Z.H.); (L.L.); (J.H.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.); (J.J.)
| | - Yuxiao Ma
- Brain Injury Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Z.H.); (L.L.); (J.H.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.); (J.J.)
| | - Chun Yang
- Brain Injury Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Z.H.); (L.L.); (J.H.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.); (J.J.)
| | - Weiji Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China;
| | - Jialin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, China;
| | - Xiongfei Zhao
- Shanghai Angecon Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, China; (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Shanghai Angecon Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, China; (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Jiyao Jiang
- Brain Injury Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Z.H.); (L.L.); (J.H.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.); (J.J.)
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, China;
| | - Junfeng Feng
- Brain Injury Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Z.H.); (L.L.); (J.H.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.); (J.J.)
- Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-1186-0825
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pedachenko EG, Liubich LD, Staino LP, Egorova DM, Skaterna TD. Neuroregenerative “Bystander”-Effects of Conditioned Media from Adipose Tissue-Derived Fibroblast-Like Cells in Vitro. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Xia A, Huang H, You W, Liu Y, Wu H, Liu S. The neuroprotection of hyperbaric oxygen therapy against traumatic brain injury via NF-κB/MAPKs-CXCL1 signaling pathways. Exp Brain Res 2021; 240:207-220. [PMID: 34687331 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy achieves neuroprotective effects by modulating neuroinflammatory responses. However, its underlying therapeutic mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Based on our previous studies, we further investigated whether HBO therapy exerts neuroprotective effects in vivo by regulating the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/ mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)1 inflammatory pathway. In our study, a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) was established by controlled cortical impact (CCI) to verify that the expression of CXCL1 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)2 increased after TBI, and CXCL1 was mainly expressed in astrocytes, while CXCR2 was mainly expressed in neurons. Increased apoptosis of cortical nerve cells in the injured cortex was also found after TBI. Reduced nerve cell apoptosis with improved neurological function was observed after application of a CXCR2 antagonist. The expression of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and p-NF-κB increased after TBI, and application of ERK, JNK and NF-κB inhibitors decreased expression of CXCL1 and CXCR2 in rats. We further found that HBO therapy down-regulated the expression of p-ERK, p-JNK, p-NF-κB, CXCL1, and CXCR2, and reduced nerve cell apoptosis, improved the neurological function of TBI rats, and ultimately alleviated the secondary injury. In conclusion, HBO therapy may exert neuroprotective effect by regulating the NF-κB/MAPKs (JNK and ERK)-CXCL1 inflammatory pathways following TBI, which probably provide the theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical application of HBO therapy in the treatment of TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjun You
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Peoples Hospital of Nantong, Affiliated of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongqin Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Badner A, Reinhardt EK, Nguyen TV, Midani N, Marshall AT, Lepe CA, Echeverria K, Lepe JJ, Torrecampo V, Bertan SH, Tran SH, Anderson AJ, Cummings BJ. Freshly Thawed Cryobanked Human Neural Stem Cells Engraft within Endogenous Neurogenic Niches and Restore Cognitive Function after Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2731-2746. [PMID: 34130484 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) have potential as a cell therapy after traumatic brain injury (TBI). While various studies have demonstrated the efficacy of NSCs from ongoing culture, there is a significant gap in our understanding of freshly thawed cells from cryobanked stocks-a more clinically relevant source. To address these shortfalls, the therapeutic potential of our previously validated Shef-6.0 human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived hNSC line was tested after long-term cryostorage and thawing before transplant. Immunodeficient athymic nude rats received a moderate unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. At four weeks post-injury, 6 × 105 freshly thawed hNSCs were transplanted into six injection sites (two ipsi- and four contra-lateral) with 53.4% of cells surviving three months post-transplant. Interestingly, most hNSCs were engrafted in the meninges and the lining of lateral ventricles, associated with high CXCR4 expression and a chemotactic response to SDF1alpha (CXCL12). While some expressed markers of neuron, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte lineages, the majority remained progenitors, identified through doublecortin expression (78.1%). Importantly, transplantation resulted in improved spatial learning and memory in Morris water maze navigation and reduced risk taking in an elevated plus maze. Investigating potential mechanisms of action, we identified an increase in ipsilateral host hippocampus cornu ammonis (CA) neuron survival, contralateral dentate gyrus (DG) volume, and DG neural progenitor morphology as well as a reduction in neuroinflammation. Together, these findings validate the potential of hNSCs to improve function after TBI and demonstrate that long-term biobanking of cells and thawing aliquots before use may be suitable for clinical deployment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Badner
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Emily K Reinhardt
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Theodore V Nguyen
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Nicole Midani
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Andrew T Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cherie A Lepe
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Karla Echeverria
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Javier J Lepe
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Vincent Torrecampo
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sara H Bertan
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Serinee H Tran
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Brian J Cummings
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Medel-Matus JS, Shin D, Sankar R, Mazarati A. Diversity of kindling of limbic seizures after lateral fluid percussion injury in the rat. Epilepsia Open 2021; 6:413-418. [PMID: 34033249 PMCID: PMC8166798 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) in rats is used to model post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), with spontaneous seizures occurring in up to ½ of the subjects. Using the kindling paradigm, we examined whether animals without detectable seizures had an altered seizure susceptibility. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to LFPI. Seven-nine months later, spontaneous seizures were monitored for two weeks. Afterward, the animals underwent kindling of basolateral amygdala. For kindling outcomes, the animals were categorized based on the 95% confidence intervals of mean number trials to kindling (ie 3 consecutive stage 4-5 seizures). Spontaneous seizures were detected in 7 out of 24 rats. There was no correlation between the severity of LFPI and either baseline afterdischarge properties, or kindling rates. Six LFPI rats kindled at a rate comparable to those in sham-LFPI (n = 10) and in naïve (n = 7) subjects. Ten LFPI rats kindled faster and 8-slower than controls. None of slow-kindling rats had spontaneous seizures during the prekindling monitoring. During the same period, six fast-kindling and three normal-kindling rats had been seizure-free. Thus, kindling reveals a diversity to seizure susceptibility after LFPI beyond an overt seizure symptomatology, ranging from the increased susceptibility to the increased resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Don Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raman Sankar
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrey Mazarati
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Humanization of Immunodeficient Animals for the Modeling of Transplantation, Graft Versus Host Disease, and Regenerative Medicine. Transplantation 2021; 104:2290-2306. [PMID: 32068660 PMCID: PMC7590965 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The humanization of animals is a powerful tool for the exploration of human disease pathogenesis in biomedical research, as well as for the development of therapeutic interventions with enhanced translational potential. Humanized models enable us to overcome biologic differences that exist between humans and other species, while giving us a platform to study human processes in vivo. To become humanized, an immune-deficient recipient is engrafted with cells, tissues, or organoids. The mouse is the most well studied of these hosts, with a variety of immunodeficient strains available for various specific uses. More recently, efforts have turned to the humanization of other animal species such as the rat, which offers some technical and immunologic advantages over mice. These advances, together with ongoing developments in the incorporation of human transgenes and additional mutations in humanized mouse models, have expanded our opportunities to replicate aspects of human allotransplantation and to assist in the development of immunotherapies. In this review, the immune and tissue humanization of various species is presented with an emphasis on their potential for use as models for allotransplantation, graft versus host disease, and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Traumatic injuries are a leading cause of death and disability in both military and civilian populations. Given the complexity and diversity of traumatic injuries, novel and individualized treatment strategies are required to optimize outcomes. Cellular therapies have potential benefit for the treatment of acute or chronic injuries, and various cell-based pharmaceuticals are currently being tested in preclinical studies or in clinical trials. Cellular therapeutics may have the ability to complement existing therapies, especially in restoring organ function lost due to tissue disruption, prolonged hypoxia or inflammatory damage. In this article we highlight the current status and discuss future directions of cellular therapies for the treatment of traumatic injury. Both published research and ongoing clinical trials are discussed here.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hosseini R, Bigdeli MR, Khaksar S, Aliaghaei A. The Effect of Allograft Transplantation of Sertoli Cell on Expression of NF-кB, Bax Proteins, and Ischemic Tolerance in Rats with Focal Cerebral Ischemia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 19:98-114. [PMID: 33224215 PMCID: PMC7667533 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.15574.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the newest methods to reduce cerebral ischemia damages is cell therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Sertoli cell transplantation on ischemia-induced injuries in animal models of stroke. Rats were divided into four groups: transplant+ischemia, ischemia, sham, and control. Sertoli cells were separated from the other testis of rats and cultured. Unilateral Sertoli cell transplantation was performed in the right striatum by using stereotaxic surgery. For induction of brain ischemia, middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery was used 14 days after transplantation. By using western blotting method, expression of nuclear factor kappa (NF-кB) and Bax were evaluated. In this study, a remarkable decrease in neurological deficits, infection, blood-brain barrier permeability, and brain edema was observed in the cell transplant recipient group in comparison with the ischemia group. Probably, a reduction in inflammation (NF-кB factor) and apoptosis (Bax) following injection of Sertoli cells result in amelioration of ischemic damages induced by MCAO surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Hosseini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bigdeli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.,Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khaksar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Effect of bFGF on fibroblasts derived from the golden snub-nosed monkey. Primates 2020; 62:369-378. [PMID: 33211213 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Golden snub-nosed monkeys are endangered animals in China, and their cells have been demonstrated to be important as genetic resources and in applications for advancing biological research. Moreover, in primary research, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is used to promote the proliferation of fibroblasts to create abundant cells for cryopreservation. To further investigate the effect of bFGF on the efficiency of preservation of fibroblasts obtained from an endangered species, a fibroblast cell line was isolated from a dead golden snub-nosed monkey. Cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed using CCK8 and JC-1 assay kits. The karyotype was analyzed by chromosomal microarray analysis, while RNA sequencing and gene expression analyses were performed to assess molecular changes in response to bFGF. Flow cytometry was used to characterize changes in cell surface markers in response to bFGF treatment. The results showed that cells maintained typical fibroblast morphology, while cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were not significantly affected between three and eight passages (p > 0.05). We also observed that the addition of bFGF promoted fibroblast proliferation and increased mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, the bFGF treatment did not alter the normal karyotype of cells, downregulating fibroblast-associated genes and upregulating those associated with cell regulation, including those of the WNT, PI3K and MAPK pathways. The addition of bFGF also increased CD29, CD90, CD105, CD34 and CD44 expression while decreasing that of CD14 and HLA-DR at the protein level. Taken together, these results demonstrate that bFGF may upregulate the WNT, PI3K and MAPK pathways to promote cell proliferation while also increasing the expression of genes and surface markers associated with mesenchymal and hematopoietic cell linages.
Collapse
|
11
|
Korshunova I, Rhein S, García-González D, Stölting I, Pfisterer U, Barta A, Dmytriyeva O, Kirkeby A, Schwaninger M, Khodosevich K. Genetic modification increases the survival and the neuroregenerative properties of transplanted neural stem cells. JCI Insight 2020; 5:126268. [PMID: 31999645 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy raises hopes high for better treatment of brain disorders. However, the majority of transplanted cells often die soon after transplantation, and those that survive initially continue to die in the subacute phase, diminishing the impact of transplantations. In this study, we genetically modified transplanted human neural stem cells (hNSCs), from 2 distant embryonic stem cell lines (H9 and RC17), to express 1 of 4 prosurvival factors - Hif1a, Akt1, Bcl-2, or Bcl-xl - and studied how these modifications improve short- and long-term survival of transplanted hNSCs. All genetic modifications dramatically increased survival of the transplanted hNSCs. Importantly, 3 out of 4 modifications also enhanced the exit of hNSCs from the cell cycle, thus avoiding aberrant growth of the transplants. Bcl-xl expression provided the strongest protection of transplanted cells, reducing both immediate and delayed cell death, and stimulated hNSC differentiation toward neuronal and oligodendroglial lineages. By designing hNSCs with drug-controlled expression of Bcl-xl, we demonstrated that short-term expression of a prosurvival factor can ensure the long-term survival of transplanted cells. Importantly, transplantation of Bcl-xl-expressing hNSCs into mice suffering from stroke improved behavioral outcome and recovery of motor activity in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Korshunova
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sina Rhein
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Ines Stölting
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pfisterer
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Barta
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, and
| | - Agnete Kirkeby
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Experimental Medical Science and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luzzi S, Crovace AM, Del Maestro M, Giotta Lucifero A, Elbabaa SK, Cinque B, Palumbo P, Lombardi F, Cimini A, Cifone MG, Crovace A, Galzio R. The cell-based approach in neurosurgery: ongoing trends and future perspectives. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02818. [PMID: 31844735 PMCID: PMC6889232 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examination of the current trends and future perspectives of the cell-based therapies in neurosurgery. METHODS A PubMed/MEDLINE-based systematic review has been performed combining the main Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) regarding the cell- and tissue-based therapies with the "Brain", "Spinal Cord", "Spine" and "Skull" MeSH terms. Only articles in English published in the last 10 years and pertinent to neurosurgery have been selected. RESULTS A total of 1,173 relevant articles have been chosen. Somatic cells and gene-modification technologies have undergone the greatest development. Immunotherapies and gene therapies have been tested for the cure of glioblastoma, stem cells mainly for brain and spinal cord traumatic injuries. Stem cells have also found a rationale in the treatment of the cranial and spinal bony defects, and of the intervertebral disc degeneration, as well.Most of the completed or ongoing trials concerning the cell-based therapies in neurosurgery are on phase 2. Future perspectives involve the need to overcome issues related to immunogenicity, oncogenicity and routes for administration. Refinement and improvement of vector design and delivery are required within the gene therapies. CONCLUSION The last decade has been characterised by a progressive evolution of neurosurgery from a purely mechanical phase to a new biological one. This trend has followed the rapid and parallel development of translational medicine and nanotechnologies.The introduction of new technologies, the optimisation of the already existing ones, and the reduction of costs are among the main challenges of the foreseeable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Polo Didattico "Cesare Brusotti", Viale Brambilla, 74, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Crovace
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11 – Policlinico di Bari, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Mattia Del Maestro
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- PhD School in Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Polo Didattico "Cesare Brusotti", Viale Brambilla, 74, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Polo Didattico "Cesare Brusotti", Viale Brambilla, 74, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Samer K. Elbabaa
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, 1222 S. Orange Avenue, 2nd Floor, MP 154, Orlando, FL, 32806, USA
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11 – Policlinico di Bari, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Renato Galzio
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Polo Didattico "Cesare Brusotti", Viale Brambilla, 74, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Garitaonandia I, Gonzalez R, Sherman G, Semechkin A, Evans A, Kern R. Novel Approach to Stem Cell Therapy in Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 27:951-957. [PMID: 29882481 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this commentary we discuss International Stem Cell Corporation's (ISCO's) approach to developing a pluripotent stem cell based treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). In 2016, ISCO received approval to conduct the world's first clinical study of a pluripotent stem cell based therapy for PD. The Australian regulatory agency Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and the Melbourne Health's Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) independently reviewed ISCO's extensive preclinical data and granted approval for the evaluation of a novel human parthenogenetic derived neural stem cell (NSC) line, ISC-hpNSC, in a PD phase 1 clinical trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02452723). This is a single-center, open label, dose escalating 12-month study with a 5-year follow-up evaluating a number of objective and patient-reported safety and efficacy measures. A total of 6 years of safety and efficacy data will be collected from each patient. Twelve participants are recruited in this study with four participants per single dose cohort of 30, 50, and 70 million ISC-hpNSC. The grafts are placed bilaterally in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and substantia nigra by magnetic resonance imaging-guided stereotactic surgery. Participants are 30-70 years old with idiopathic PD ≤13 years duration and unified PD rating scale motor score (Part III) in the "OFF" state ≤49. This trial is fully funded by ISCO with no economic involvement from the patients. It is worth noting that ISCO underwent an exhaustive review process and successfully answered the very comprehensive, detailed, and specific questions posed by the TGA and HREC. The regulatory/ethic review process is based on applying scientific and clinical expertise to decision-making, to ensure that the benefits to consumers outweigh any risks associated with the use of medicines or novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Glenn Sherman
- 1 International Stem Cell Corporation , Carlsbad, California
| | | | - Andrew Evans
- 2 Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville, Australia
| | - Russell Kern
- 1 International Stem Cell Corporation , Carlsbad, California.,3 Cyto Therapeutics , Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang L, Yang Z, Fan F, Sun S, Wu X, Lu H, Lu X. PHBHHx Facilitated the Residence, Survival and Stemness Maintain of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury Rats. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3294-3302. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Wang
- Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqian Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutics University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Fan
- Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingjuan Wu
- Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Key Laboratory of
Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Ministry of Education,
Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jahanbazi Jahan-Abad A, Sahab Negah S, Hosseini Ravandi H, Ghasemi S, Borhani-Haghighi M, Stummer W, Gorji A, Khaleghi Ghadiri M. Human Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived From Epileptic Human Brain in a Self-Assembling Peptide Nanoscaffold Improve Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9122-9138. [PMID: 29651746 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disruption in the brain functions following a head trauma. Cell therapy may provide a promising treatment for TBI. Among different cell types, human neural stem cells cultured in self-assembling peptide scaffolds have been suggested as a potential novel method for cell replacement treatment after TBI. In the present study, we accessed the effects of human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNS/PCs) derived from epileptic human brain and human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hADSCs) seeded in PuraMatrix hydrogel (PM) on brain function after TBI in an animal model of brain injury. hNS/PCs were isolated from patients with medically intractable epilepsy undergone epilepsy surgery. hNS/PCs and hADSCs have the potential for proliferation and differentiation into both neuronal and glial lineages. Assessment of the growth characteristics of hNS/PCs and hADSCs revealed that the hNS/PCs doubling time was significantly longer and the growth rate was lower than hADSCs. Transplantation of hNS/PCs and hADSCs seeded in PM improved functional recovery, decreased lesion volume, inhibited neuroinflammation, and reduced the reactive gliosis at the injury site. The data suggest the transplantation of hNS/PCs or hADSCs cultured in PM as a promising treatment option for cell replacement therapy in TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahanbazi Jahan-Abad
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab Negah
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sedigheh Ghasemi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 45, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi Z, Qiu W, Xiao G, Cheng J, Zhang N. Resveratrol Attenuates Cognitive Deficits of Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating p38 Signaling in the Brain. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1097-1103. [PMID: 29467361 PMCID: PMC5830922 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by cognitive deficits, which was associated with brain oxidative stress and apoptosis. Resveratrol (RSV) is an anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative. This study aimed to investigate neuroprotective effects and involved molecular mechanisms in TBI. MATERIAL AND METHODS RSV and p38 inhibitor were administrated to TBI rats. Cognitive deficits were evaluated by Morris water maze assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were detected in rat brains by fluorescent staining. Western blotting was used to assess the phosphorylation of p38 and the expression levels of Nrf2, HO1, and activated caspase-3. RESULTS RSV administration attenuated cognitive deficits of TBI rats. The ROS generation and apoptosis in the brain of TBI rats were suppressed by RSV treatment. Moreover, RSV treatment recovered activation of p38/Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway. The co-administration of p38 inhibitor impaired RSV's attenuating effects on cognitive deficits, brain apoptosis, and ROS generation. CONCLUSIONS RSV attenuated cognitive deficits of TBI by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis via targeting p38/Nrf2 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wusi Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Guomin Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gold EM, Vasilevko V, Hasselmann J, Tiefenthaler C, Hoa D, Ranawaka K, Cribbs DH, Cummings BJ. Repeated Mild Closed Head Injuries Induce Long-Term White Matter Pathology and Neuronal Loss That Are Correlated With Behavioral Deficits. ASN Neuro 2018; 10:1759091418781921. [PMID: 29932344 PMCID: PMC6050992 DOI: 10.1177/1759091418781921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 5.3 million Americans are living with a disability from a traumatic brain injury (TBI). There is emerging evidence of the detrimental effects from repeated mild TBIs (rmTBIs). rmTBI manifests its own unique set of behavioral and neuropathological changes. A subset of individuals exposed to rmTBI develop permanent behavioral and pathological consequences, defined postmortem as chronic traumatic encephalopathy. We have combined components of two classic rodent models of TBI, the controlled cortical impact model and the weight drop model, to develop a repeated mild closed head injury (rmCHI) that produces long-term deficits in several behaviors that correlate with neuropathological changes. Mice receiving rmCHI performed differently from 1-hit or sham controls on the elevated plus maze; these deficits persist up to 6 months postinjury (MPI). rmCHI mice performed worse than 1-hit and control sham mice at 2 MPI and 6 MPI on the Morris water maze. Mice receiving rmCHI exhibited significant atrophy of the corpus callosum at both 2 MPI and 6 MPI, as assessed by stereological volume analysis. Stereological analysis also revealed significant loss of cortical neurons in comparison with 1-hit and controls. Moreover, both of these pathological changes correlated with behavioral impairments. In human tau transgenic mice, rmCHI induced increases in hyperphosphorylated paired helical filament 1 tau in the hippocampus. This suggests that strategies to restore myelination or reduce neuronal loss may ameliorate the behavioral deficits observed following rmCHI and that rmCHI may model chronic traumatic encephalopathy in human tau mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Gold
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vitaly Vasilevko
- UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Hasselmann
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
- UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Casey Tiefenthaler
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Danny Hoa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kasuni Ranawaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David H. Cribbs
- UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brian J. Cummings
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
- UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,
University
of California-Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stroke promotes survival of nearby transplanted neural stem cells by decreasing their activation of caspase 3 while not affecting their differentiation. Neurosci Lett 2017; 666:111-119. [PMID: 29278729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although transplantation of stem cells improves recovery of the nervous tissue, little is known about the influence of different brain regions on transplanted cells. After we confirmed that cells with uniform differentiation potential can be generated in independent experiments, one million of neural stem cells isolated from B6.Cg-Tg(Thy1-YFP)16Jrs/J mouse embryos were transplanted into the brain 24 h after induction of stroke. The lateral ventricles, the corpus callosum and the striatum were tested. Two and four weeks after the transplantation, the cells transplanted in all three regions have been attracted to the ischemic core. The largest number of attracted cells has been observed after transplantation into the striatum. Their differentiation pattern and expression of neuroligin 1, SynCAM 1, postsynaptic density protein 95 and synapsin 1 followed the same pattern observed during in vitro cultivation and it did not differ among the tested regions. Differentiation pattern of the cells transplanted in the stroke-affected and healthy animals was the same. On the other hand, neural stem cells transplanted in the striatum of the animals affected by stroke exhibited significantly increased survival rates reaching 260 ± 19%, when compared to cells transplanted in their wild type controls. Surprisingly, improved survival two and four weeks after transplantation was not due to increased proliferation of the grafted cells and it was accompanied by decreased levels of activity of Casp3 (19.56 ± 3.1% in the stroke-affected vs. 30.14 ± 2.4% in healthy animals after four weeks). We assume that the decreased levels of Casp3 in cells transplanted near the ischemic region was linked to increased vasculogenesis, synaptogenesis, astrocytosis and axonogenesis detected in the host tissue affected by ischemia.
Collapse
|
19
|
BMP4/LIF or RA/Forskolin Suppresses the Proliferation of Neural Stem Cells Derived from Adult Monkey Brain. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7012405. [PMID: 29085431 PMCID: PMC5632485 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7012405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeys are much closer to human and are the most common nonhuman primates which are used in biomedical studies. Neural progenitor cells can originate from the hippocampus of adult monkeys. Despite a few reports, the detailed properties of monkey neural stem cells (NSCs) and their responses to cytokine are still unclear. Here, we derive NSCs from an adult monkey brain and demonstrate that BMP4 inhibits cell proliferation and affects cell morphology of monkey NSCs. Combined treatment of BMP4 and LIF or RA and Forskolin represses the proliferation of monkey NSCs. We also show that BMP4 may promote monkey NSC quiescence. Our study therefore provides implications for NSC-based cell therapy of brain injury in the future.
Collapse
|