1
|
Eldaly AS, Avila FR, Torres-Guzman RA, Maita K, Garcia JP, Serrano LP, Ho O, Forte AJ. Cell-Based Therapies Induce Tolerance of Vascularized Composite Allotransplants: A Systematic Review. J Surg Res 2024; 300:389-401. [PMID: 38851085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is the transplantation of multiple tissue types as a solution for devastating injuries. Despite the highly encouraging functional outcomes of VCA, the consequences of long-term immunosuppression remain the main obstacle in its application. In this review, we provide researchers and surgeons with a summary of the latest advances in the field of cell-based therapies for VCA tolerance. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature , and Web of Science. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis as the basis of our organization. RESULTS Hematopoietic stem cells prolonged VCA survival. A combination of immature dendritic cells and tacrolimus was superior to tacrolimus alone. T cell Ig domain and mucin domain modified mature dendritic cells increased VCA tolerance. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells prolonged survival of VCAs. A combination of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin, and antilymphocyte serum significantly improved VCA tolerance. Ex-vivo allotransplant perfusion with recipient's bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells increased VCA survival. Recipient's adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and systemic immunosuppression prolonged VCA survival more than any of those agents alone. Additionally, a combination of peripheral blood mononuclear cells shortly incubated in mitomycin and cyclosporine significantly improved VCA survival. Finally, a combination of donor recipient chimeric cells, anti-αβ-T cell receptor (TCR), and cyclosporine significantly prolonged VCA tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from animal studies shows that cell-based therapies can prolong survival of VCAs. However, there remain many obstacles for these therapies, and they require rigorous clinical research given the rarity of the subjects and the complexity of the therapies. The major limitations of cell-based therapies include the need for conditioning with immunosuppressive drugs and radiation, causing significant toxicity. Safety concerns also persist as most research is on animal models. While completely replacing traditional immunosuppression with cell-based methods is unlikely soon, these therapies could reduce the need for high doses of immunosuppressants and improve VCA tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karla Maita
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - John P Garcia
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Olivia Ho
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Antonio J Forte
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Siemionow M, Kulahci Y, Zor F. Novel cell-based strategies for immunomodulation in vascularized composite allotransplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2023; 28:431-439. [PMID: 37800652 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has become a clinical reality in the past two decades. However, its routine clinical applications are limited by the risk of acute rejection, and the side effects of the lifelong immunosuppression. Therefore, there is a need for new protocols to induce tolerance and extend VCA survival. Cell- based therapies have emerged as an attractive strategy for tolerance induction in VCA. This manuscript reviews the current strategies and applications of cell-based therapies for tolerance induction in VCA. RECENT FINDINGS Cellular therapies, including the application of bone marrow cells (BMC), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), adipose stem cells, regulatory T cells (Treg) cells, dendritic cells and donor recipient chimeric cells (DRCC) show promising potential as a strategy to induce tolerance in VCA. Ongoing basic science research aims to provide insights into the mechanisms of action, homing, functional specialization and standardization of these cellular therapies. Additionally, translational preclinical and clinical studies are underway, showing encouraging outcomes. SUMMARY Cellular therapies hold great potential and are supported by preclinical studies and clinical trials demonstrating safety and efficacy. However, further research is needed to develop novel cell-based immunosuppressive protocol for VCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Siemionow
- Department of Orthopeadics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yalcin Kulahci
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Fatih Zor
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Farhana S, Kai YC, Kadir R, Sulaiman WAW, Nordin NA, Nasir NAM. The fate of adipose tissue and adipose-derived stem cells in allograft. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:269-292. [PMID: 37624425 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing adipose tissue and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) turned into a promising field of allograft in recent years. The therapeutic potential of adipose tissue and ADSCs is governed by their molecular secretions, ability to sustain multi-differentiation and self-renewal which are pivotal in reconstructive, genetic diseases, and cosmetic goals. However, revisiting the existing functional capacity of adipose tissue and ADSCs and their intricate relationship with allograft is crucial to figure out the remarkable question of safety to use in allograft due to the growing evidence of interactions between tumor microenvironment and ADSCs. For instance, the molecular secretions of adipose tissue and ADSCs induce angiogenesis, create growth factors, and control the inflammatory response; it has now been well determined. Though the existing preclinical allograft studies gave positive feedback, ADSCs and adipose tissue are attracted by some factors of tumor stroma. Moreover, allorecognition is pivotal to allograft rejection which is carried out by costimulation in a complement-dependent way and leads to the destruction of the donor cells. However, extensive preclinical trials of adipose tissue and ADSCs in allograft at molecular level are still limited. Hence, comprehensive immunomodulatory analysis could ensure the successful allograft of adipose tissue and ADSCs avoiding the oncological risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Farhana
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yew Chun Kai
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ramlah Kadir
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Azman Wan Sulaiman
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asyikin Nordin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azida Mohd Nasir
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuo YR, Chen YH, Yeh YS, Chang CW, Li CC, Cai TY, Chang HC, Chang YT. Heterotopic intestine and abdominal wall transplantation in a miniature swine: A model for graft immunology. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:1129-1134. [PMID: 37573495 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to accurately monitor graft immunology, we have developed a method for performing intestine and abdominal wall transplantation heterotopically in miniature swine. The procedure consisted of simultaneous segmental terminal ileum and full-thickness abdominal wall transplantation in Lanyu miniature swine, with the intestinal and the abdominal wall grafts being placed on the recipient's bilateral rear flank. Five transplantations were technically successful. One animal died on the first post-transplant day due to anesthesia-related issues, three abdominal wall and four intestinal grafts survived, while one abdominal wall graft failed due to vascular thrombosis. Acute cellular rejection (ACR) of the intestinal graft could occur preceding, simultaneously with or following ACR of the abdominal wall graft. Our experimental model demonstrates the technical feasibility of heterotopic intestine and abdominal wall transplantation in miniature swine without grafting in gastrointestinal continuity. This model could be suitable for further studies of graft immunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yur-Ren Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medical School, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sung Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Li
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Cai
- School of Medicine, College of Medical School, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medical School, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medical School, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng HY, Anggelia MR, Lin CH, Wei FC. Toward transplantation tolerance with adipose tissue-derived therapeutics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111813. [PMID: 37187733 PMCID: PMC10175575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid organ and composite tissue allotransplanation have been widely applied to treat end-stage organ failure and massive tissue defects, respectively. Currently there are a lot of research endeavors focusing on induction of transplantation tolerance, to relieve the burden derived from long-term immunosuppressant uptake. The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated with potent immunomodulatory capacities and applied as promising cellular therapeutics to promote allograft survival and induce tolerance. As a rich source of adult MSCs, adipose tissue provides additional advantages of easy accessibility and good safety profile. In recent years, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from adipose tissues following enzymatic or mechanical processing without in vitro culture and expansion has demonstrated immunomodulatory and proangiogenic properties. Furthermore, the secretome of AD-MSCs has been utilized in transplantation field as a potential "cell-free" therapeutics. This article reviews recent studies that employ these adipose-derived therapeutics, including AD-MSCs, SVF, and secretome, in various aspects of organ and tissue allotransplantation. Most reports validate their efficacies in prolonging allograft survival. Specifically, the SVF and secretome have performed well for graft preservation and pretreatment, potentially through their proangiogenic and antioxidative capacities. In contrast, AD-MSCs were suitable for peri-transplantation immunosuppression. The proper combination of AD-MSCs, lymphodepletion and conventional immunosuppressants could consistently induce donor-specific tolerance to vascularized composite allotransplants (VCA). For each type of transplantation, optimizing the choice of therapeutics, timing, dose, and frequency of administration may be required. Future progress in the application of adipose-derived therapeutics to induce transplantation tolerance will be further benefited by continued research into their mechanisms of action and the development of standardized protocols for isolation methodologies, cell culture, and efficacy evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Cheng
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hui-Yun Cheng,
| | - Madonna Rica Anggelia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chan Wei
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The transplantation of particulated juvenile allograft cartilage and synovium for the repair of meniscal defect in a lapine model. J Orthop Translat 2022; 33:72-89. [PMID: 35281522 PMCID: PMC8897607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synovium has been confirmed to be the primary contributor to meniscal repair. Particulated Juvenile Allograft Cartilage (PJAC) has demonstrated promising clinical effect on repairing cartilage. The synergistic effect of synovium and PJAC transplant on meniscal fibrocartilaginous repair is unclear. We hypothesize that the transplantation of synovium and PJAC synergistically facilitates meniscal regeneration and the donor cells within graft tissues still survive in the regenerated tissue at the last follow up (16 weeks postoperatively). Methods The study included 24 mature female rabbits, which were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. A cylindrical full-thickness defect measuring 2.0 mm was prepared in the avascular portion of the anterior horn of medial meniscus in both knees. The synovium and PJAC transplant were harvested from juvenile male rabbits (2 months after birth). The experimental group received synovium and PJAC transplant encapsulated with fibrin gel. The control groups received synovium transplant encapsulated with fibrin gel, pure fibrin gel and nothing. The macroscopic, imageological and histological evaluations of repaired tissue were performed at 8 weeks and 16 weeks postoperatively. The in situ hybridization (ISH) of male-specific sex-determining region Y-linked (SRY) gene was performed to detect the transplanted cells. Results The regenerated tissue in experimental group showed superior structural integrity, superficial smoothness, and marginal integration compared to control groups at 8 weeks or 16 weeks postoperatively. More meniscus-like fibrochondrocytes filled the repaired tissue in the experimental group, and the matrix surrounding these cell clusters demonstrated strongly positive safranin O and type 2 collagen immunohistochemistry staining. By SRY gene ISH, the positive SRY signal of experimental group could be detected at 8 weeks (75.72%, median) and 16 weeks (48.69%, median). The expression of SOX9 in experimental group was the most robust, with median positive rates of 65.52% at 8 weeks and 67.55% at 16 weeks. Conclusion The transplantation of synovium and PJAC synergistically facilitates meniscal regeneration. The donor cells survive for at least 16 weeks in the recipient. The translational potential of this article This study highlighted the positive effect of PJAC and synovium transplant on meniscal repair. We also clarified the potential repair mechanisms reflected by the survival of donor cells and upregulated expression of meniscal fibrochondrocytes related genes. Thus, based on our study, further clinical experiments are needed to investigate synovium and PJAC transplant as a possible treatment to meniscal defects.
Collapse
|
7
|
Anggelia MR, Cheng HY, Lai PC, Hsieh YH, Lin CH, Lin CH. Cell Therapy in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation. Biomed J 2022; 45:454-464. [PMID: 35042019 PMCID: PMC9422067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft rejection is one of the obstacles in achieving a successful vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). Treatments of graft rejection with lifelong immunosuppression (IS) subject the recipients to a lifelong risk of cancer development and opportunistic infections. Cell therapy has recently emerged as a promising strategy to modulate the immune system, minimize immunosuppressant drug dosages, and induce allograft tolerance. In this review, the recent works regarding the use of cell therapy to improve allograft outcomes are discussed. The current data supports the safety of cell therapy. The suitable type of cell therapy in allotransplantation is clinically dependent. Bone marrow cell therapy is more suitable for the induction phase, while other cell therapies are more feasible in either the induction or maintenance phase, or for salvage of allograft rejection. Immune cell therapy focuses on modulating the immune response, whereas stem cells may have an additional role in promoting structural regenerations, such as nerve regeneration. Source, frequency, dosage, and route of cell therapy delivery are also dependent on the specific need in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madonna Rica Anggelia
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yun Cheng
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chin Lai
- The Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Huan Hsieh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Epworth Eastern Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Clinical and preclinical tolerance protocols for vascularized composite allograft transplantation. Arch Plast Surg 2021; 48:703-713. [PMID: 34818720 PMCID: PMC8627932 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2021.00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) has undergone significant advancement in recent decades, and VCAs are increasingly common and accepted in the clinical setting, bringing hope of functional recovery to patients with debilitating injuries. A major obstacle facing the widespread application of VCAs is the side effect profile associated with the current immunosuppressive regimen, which can cause a wide array of complications such as infection, malignancy, and even death. Significant concerns remain regarding whether the treatment outweighs the risk. The potential solution to this dilemma would be achieving VCA tolerance, which would allow recipients to receive allografts without significant immunosuppression and its sequelae. Promising tolerance protocols are being studied in kidney transplantation; four major trials have attempted to withdraw immunosuppressive treatment with various successes. The common theme in all four trials is the use of radiation treatment and donor cell transplantation. The knowledge gained from these trials can provide valuable insight into the development of a VCA tolerance protocol. Despite similarities, VCAs present additional barriers compared to kidney allografts regarding tolerance induction. VCA donors are likely to be deceased, which limits the time for significant pre-conditioning. VCA donors are also more likely to be human leukocyte antigen–mismatched, which means that tolerance must be induced across major immunological barriers. This review also explores adjunct therapies studied in large animal models that could be the missing element in establishing a safe and stable tolerance induction method.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen J, Wang Y, Hu H, Xiong Y, Wang S, Yang J. Adipose-derived cellular therapies prolong graft survival in an allogenic hind limb transplantation model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:94. [PMID: 33514430 PMCID: PMC7847016 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long-term survival after vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is often limited by systemic rejection as well as the adverse effects of immunosuppressants. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) can be expanded to produce adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) which represents a combination of endothelial cells, preadipocytes, immune cells, and ADSC. It has been demonstrated that ADSC possess consistently reliable clinical results. However, literature is scarce regarding SVF in VCA. This study seeks to determine the impact of ex vivo allograft pretreatment in combination with SVF cells in the ability to promote composite tissue allotransplantation immunotolerance. Methods A rat hind limb allotransplant model was used to investigate the influence of ex vivo pretreatment of SVF and ADSC on VCA survival. Intravascular cell-free saline, ADSC, or SVF was infused into the models with immunosuppressants. The histopathological examination and duration that the allografts went without displaying symptoms of rejection was documented. Peripheral T lymphocytes and Tregs were quantified with flow cytometry while allotissue expressions of CD31 were quantified with immunohistochemical staining (IHC). ELISA was used to detect vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A as well as anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results We demonstrated that ex vivo treatment of allografts with SVF or ADSC prolonged allograft survival in contrast to medium control cohorts. There were also enhanced levels of immunomodulatory cytokines and increased VEGF-A and CD31 expression as well as reduced infiltration and proliferation of T lymphocytes along with raised Treg expressions. Conclusion These studies demonstrated that adipose-derived cellular therapies prolong graft survival in an allogenic hind limb transplantation model and have the potential to establish immunotolerance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02162-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinmin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyue Hu
- Basic Medical School , Jining Medical University , Jining, 272000, China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Chen CC, Chen RF, Shao JS, Li YT, Wang YC, Brandacher G, Chuang JH, Kuo YR. Adipose-derived stromal cells modulating composite allotransplant survival is correlated with B cell regulation in a rodent hind-limb allotransplantation model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:478. [PMID: 33176866 PMCID: PMC7657354 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies demonstrated that adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) have immunomodulatory effects that prolong allograft survival in a rodent hind-limb allotransplant model. In this study, we investigated whether the effects of immunomodulation by ASCs on allograft survival are correlated with B cell regulation. Methods B cells isolated from splenocytes were cocultured with ASCs harvested from adipose tissue from rodent groin areas for in vitro experiments. In an in vivo study, hind-limb allotransplantation from Brown-Norway to Lewis rats was performed, and rats were treated with ASCs combined with short-term treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS)/cyclosporine (CsA) as immunosuppressants. Peripheral blood and transplanted tissue were collected for further analysis. Result An in vitro study revealed that ASCs significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide-activated B cell proliferation and increased the percentage of Bregs. The levels of immunoregulatory cytokines, such as TGF-β1 and IL-10, were significantly increased in supernatants of stimulated B cells cocultured with ASCs. The in vivo study showed that treatment with ASCs combined with short-term ALS/CsA significantly reduced the B cell population in alloskin tissue, increased the proportion of circulating CD45Ra+/Foxp3+ B cells, and decreased C4d expression in alloskin. Conclusion ASCs combined with short-term immunosuppressant treatment prolong allograft survival and are correlated with B cell regulation, C4d expression and the modulation of immunoregulatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chang Chen
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Fu Chen
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Syuan Shao
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Li
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- VCA Center, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yur-Ren Kuo
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan. .,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Orthopaedic Research Center, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Academic Clinical Programme for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang C, Ao Y, Cao J, Yang L, Duan X. Donor Cell Fate in Particulated Juvenile Allograft Cartilage for the Repair of Articular Cartilage Defects. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:3224-3232. [PMID: 32966105 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520958700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulated juvenile allograft cartilage (PJAC) has demonstrated good clinical efficacy in repairing articular cartilage defects, but the related repair mechanism after transplant and the biological characteristics of the transplanted cells are still unclear. PURPOSE To study the efficacy of PJAC in repairing full-thickness cartilage defects and the specific fate of donor cells to provide experimental evidence for its clinical application. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Twenty female Guizhou minipigs were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. An 8-mm cylindrical full-thickness cartilage defect was created in the femoral trochlea of 1 knee in all minipigs. The experimental group received transplant of PJAC from 5 male juvenile Guizhou minipigs (PJAC group; n = 10) and the control group received autologous cartilage chips (ACC group; n = 10). Follow-up assessments were conducted at 1 month and 3 months to track the transplanted cells by the male-specific sex-determining region Y-linked (SRY) gene; tissue sections were hybridized in situ, and O'Driscoll histological scoring was performed according to hematoxylin and eosin staining, safranin O and fast green staining, and toluidine blue O staining, as well as immunohistochemical evaluation of aggrecan and Sry-type HMG-box 9 (SOX9). RESULTS All 20 Guizhou minipigs were followed; no infection or incision healing disorder occurred after the operation. By SRY in situ hybridization, the SRY signal of the transplanted cells was positive in the repaired tissue of the defect, and the SRY positive signal could still be detected in repaired tissue at 3 months postoperatively. The average number of positive cells was 68.6 ± 11.91 at 1 month and 32.6 ± 3.03 at 3 months (confocal microscope: ×400), and the difference was statistically significant. The O'Driscoll histological scores were 14 ± 0.71 in the ACC group and 9.8 ± 0.84 in the PJAC group at 1 month, and 18 ± 1.20 in the ACC group and 17.4 ± 1.14 in the PJAC group at 3 months. The scores were statistically significant between the ACC group and PJAC group at 1 month. The positive rates of SOX9 in the PJAC and ACC groups at 1 month were 67.6% ± 3.78% and 63.4% ± 5.30%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > .05). The positive rates of SOX9 in the PJAC and ACC groups at 3 months were 68.8% ± 2.69% and 17.1% ± 1.26%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The positive rates of aggrecan in the PJAC and ACC groups at 1 month were 40.5% ± 2.78% and 42.4% ± 0.54% respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > .05). The positive rates of aggrecan in the PJAC and ACC groups at 3 months were 40.8% ± 1.50% and 30.1% ± 2.44%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > .05). CONCLUSION An animal model was established with Guizhou minipigs, and the cartilage defect was repaired with PJAC from male minipigs. The SRY gene positive signal could be detected from the repaired tissue by in situ hybridization, indicating that the transplanted cells survived at least 3 months. The key genes of cartilage formation, SOX9 and aggrecan, were expressed at 1 month and 3 months, and SOX9 expression was stronger in the PJAC group than the ACC group at 3 months. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study suggests that it is feasible to study the biological characteristics of transplanted cells in the cartilage region by the sex-determining gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changgui Zhang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yunong Ao
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Cao
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Duan
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang F, Deng C, Xiao S, Wei Z. [Research progress of adipose-derived stem cells in promoting the repair of peripheral nerve injury]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:1059-1064. [PMID: 32794679 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201910009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective To summarize the research progress of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in promoting the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Methods The related literature at home and abroad in recent years was widely reviewed, the mechanism of ADSCs promoting the repair of peripheral nerve injury was introduced, and its basic research progress was analyzed and summarized. Finally, the clinical transformation application of ADSCs in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury was introduced, the existing problems were pointed out, and the new treatment regimen was prospected. Results ADSCs have the function of differentiation and paracrine, and their secreted neurotrophic factors, antiapoptosis, and antioxidant factors can promote the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Conclusion ADSCs are rich in content and easy to obtain, which has a definite effectiveness on the repair of peripheral nerve injury with potential clinical prospect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Zhang
- Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563003, P.R.China
| | - Chengliang Deng
- Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563003, P.R.China
| | - Shun'e Xiao
- Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563003, P.R.China
| | - Zairong Wei
- Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563003, P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Houben RH, Aleff RA, Friedrich PF, Shin AY, Wieben ED, van Wijnen AJ, Bishop AT. Transplant chimerism in porcine structural vascularized bone allotransplants. Gene 2020; 747:144627. [PMID: 32224270 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone allotransplant viability can be maintained long-term by implanting arteriovenous (AV) bundles and creating an autogenous neoangiogenic circulation. Only short-term immunosuppression is required. This study investigates the origin of viable osteocytes observed in areas of active bone remodeling in orthotopically transplanted tibiae in a Yucatan mini-pig model. METHODS Segmental tibial defects created in female Yucatan minipigs (N = 14) were reconstructed with a matched vascularized composite allotransplant from a male donor. The circulation was microsurgically restored, with simultaneous autogenous AV-bundle implantation in group 1 (N = 7). A ligated AV-bundle was implanted as a no-angiogenesis control in group 2 (N = 7). After 20-weeks, repopulation of the allotransplant was assessed by real-time qPCR measurement of relative copy numbers of a Y chromosome-specific gene (SRY) and an autosomal housekeeping gene, ribosomal protein L4 (RPL4). A lower SRY/RPL4 ratio demonstrates replacement of male allogeneic cells with female, autogenous cells in the sample. Genomic DNA was extracted from cross-sections of the allotransplant, liver and spleen. Additionally, areas of new bone formation within the allotransplant were sampled by laser capture microdissection. A comparison was made between groups as well as male control samples. RNA was extracted from bone as well, as a measure of metabolically active cells. RESULTS Laser-captured areas of new bone formation in animals with both normal and ligated AV-bundles were found to have significantly lower relative copy numbers of SRY (p = 0.03) than control specimens from male bone, indicating replacement by female (autogenous) bone-forming cells. Analysis of an entire segment of the allotransplant from Group 1 was similarly reduced (p = 0.04), unlike that from Group 2. RNA expression of SRY was observed in both groups. No chimerism could be found in non-bone tissues (liver and spleen). CONCLUSION We observed a significant level of transplant chimerism in areas of new bone formation sampled by laser capture microdissection. The migration of autogenous cells including osteocytes was seen in both groups. Survival of some allogeneic (male) cells was also demonstrable. No microchimerism was found in liver and spleen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph H Houben
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ross A Aleff
- Medical Genome Facility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricia F Friedrich
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Y Shin
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric D Wieben
- Medical Genome Facility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allen T Bishop
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Wang S, Gu C, Xiong Y, Shen H, Liu F, Yang J. Ex-vivo treatment of allografts using adipose-derived stem cells induced prolonged rejection-free survival in an allogenic hind-limb transplantation model. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:867. [PMID: 32793711 DOI: 10.21037/atm-19-4730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation (VCA) has increasingly been adopted for the reconstruction of tissues following severe injury. However, the side effects of the post-operative use of immunosuppressants may outweigh the benefits of VCA. In order to overcome this obstacle, ex-vivo pretreatment of allografts combined with mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy may help induce immunotolerance in composite tissue allotransplantation. Methods A hind-limb allotransplantation model of Brown-Norway to Lewis rats was established, and the allografts were infused with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and hypoxia primed ADSCs, which were injected through the vascular system along with short-term immunosuppressant treatment. The rejection-free survival of the allografts was monitored, and the histopathological examination of allografts was performed. The peripheral T lymphocytes and cytokines were analyzed using flow cytometry and ELISA, while Tregs infiltration in allotissue was detected using immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Results This study found that the ex-vivo treatment of allografts using ADSCs prolonged the survival of the allografts, compared with the medium control, suppressed the proliferation and infiltration of T lymphocytes and improved the secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines, such as IL-10, as well as induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) expression in the allografts. Conclusions The ex-vivo pretreatment of allografts using ADSCs may function as an important adjunctive therapy for the induction of immunotolerance in VCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinmin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ertosun MG, Özkan Ö, Özkan Ö. Effects of Different Tacrolimus Doses on Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2020; 19:723-731. [PMID: 32281529 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2019.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tacrolimus is currently one of the most commonly used immunosuppressant agents to prevent rejection in organ transplant. Although modern immunosuppressive agents have been successful, rejection cannot be completely prevented. Therefore, in organ transplant research, additional treatment methods are being investigated, with the most important one being stem cell therapy. In addition to tacrolimus therapy, stem cell therapy is now clinically applicable, with frequency of concomitant use seeming to expand in the future. In this study, the effects of tacrolimus on stem cells were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adipose-derived stem cells were treated with tacrolimus at different doses and time points. We analyzed the effects of changes in stem cell proliferation using MTT analysis. Sox2, Oct3/4, and Nanog protein levels were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to measure stem cell pluripotency capabilities. RESULTS Our observations showed that tacrolimus causes changes in stem cell proliferation and pluripotency, with changes dependent on time and dose. CONCLUSIONS The dose of tacrolimus and the time of application of stem cells are important in the planning of stem cell therapy in organ transplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gökhan Ertosun
- From Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Anesthetic Surgery, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Houben RH, Thaler R, Kotsougiani D, Friedrich PF, Shin AY, van Wijnen AJ, Bishop AT. Neo-Angiogenesis, Transplant Viability, and Molecular Analyses of Vascularized Bone Allotransplantation Surgery in a Large Animal Model. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:288-296. [PMID: 31579953 PMCID: PMC6980263 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascularized composite allotransplantation of bone is a possible alternative treatment for large osseous defects but requires life-long immunosuppression. Surgical induction of autogenous neo-angiogenic circulation maintains transplant viability without this requirement, providing encouraging results in small animal models [1-3]. A preliminary feasibility study in a swine tibia model demonstrated similar findings [4, 5]. This study in swine tibial allotransplantation tests its applicability in a pre-clinical large animal model. Previously, we have demonstrated bone vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) survival was not the result of induction of tolerance nor an incompetent immune system [1]. Fourteen tibia vascularized bone allotransplants were microsurgically transplanted orthotopically to reconstruct size-matched tibial defects in Yucatan miniature swine. Two weeks of immunosuppression was used to maintain allotransplant pedicle patency during angiogenesis from a simultaneously implanted autogenous arteriovenous bundle. The implanted arteriovenous bundle was patent in group 1 and ligated in group 2 (a neo-angiogenesis control). At twenty weeks, we quantified the neo-angiogenesis and correlated it with transplant viability, bone remodeling, and gene expression. All patent arteriovenous bundles maintained patency throughout the survival period. Micro-angiographic, osteocyte cell count and bone remodeling parameters were significantly higher than controls due to the formation of a neo-angiogenic autogenous circulation. Analysis of gene expression found maintained osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity as well as a significant increase in expression of endothelial growth factor-like 6 (EGFL-6) in the patent arteriovenous bundle group. Vascularized composite allotransplants of swine tibia maintained viability and actively remodeled over 20 weeks when short-term immunosuppression is combined with simultaneous autogenous neo-angiogenesis. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:288-296, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph H. Houben
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Dimitra Kotsougiani
- Department of Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, -Burn Center-, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia F. Friedrich
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Alexander Y. Shin
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Allen T. Bishop
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
You Y, Wen DG, Gong JP, Liu ZJ. Research Status of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1490-1506. [PMID: 31512503 PMCID: PMC6923564 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719874786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation has been deemed the best choice for end-stage liver disease
patients but immune rejection after surgery is still a serious problem. Patients have to
take immunosuppressive drugs for a long time after liver transplantation, and this often
leads to many side effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) gradually became of interest to
researchers because of their powerful immunomodulatory effects. In the past, a large
number of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the great potential of MSCs for
participation in posttransplant immunomodulation. In addition, MSCs also have properties
that may potentially benefit patients undergoing liver transplantation. This article aims
to provide an overview of the current understanding of the immunomodulation achieved by
the application of MSCs in liver transplantation, to discuss the problems that may be
encountered when using MSCs in clinical practice, and to describe some of the underlying
capabilities of MSCs in liver transplantation. Cell–cell contact, soluble molecules, and
exosomes have been suggested to be critical approaches to MSCs’ immunoregulation in vitro;
however, the exact mechanism, especially in vivo, is still unclear. In recent years, the
clinical safety of MSCs has been proven by a series of clinical trials. The obstacles to
the clinical application of MSCs are decreasing, but large sample clinical trials
involving MSCs are still needed to further study their clinical effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu You
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Yu You and Di-guang Wen are equal contributors and co-first authors of this article
| | - Di-Guang Wen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Yu You and Di-guang Wen are equal contributors and co-first authors of this article
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Zuo-Jin Liu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Wang X, Zhou X, Zhu Z, Yang J, Liu F. Suppressive effect mediated by human adipose-derived stem cells on T cells involves the activation of JNK. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:177-184. [PMID: 30365063 PMCID: PMC6257839 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have an immunomodulatory role in vascularized composite tissue allo-transplantation (VCA). However, the specific effects of ADSCs on lymphocytes remain to be fully elucidated. The present study examined the changes in T cells co-cultured with ADSCs in terms of the proliferation by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, cell cycle profile and apoptosis by flow cytom-etry, inflammatory cytokine production by polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, in addition to the expression of survival proteins by western blotting. The ADSCs reduced the viability of Jurkat T cells and downregulated the transcription of tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β1. Co-culture with ADSCs also induced apoptosis and increased the levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the T cells. Taken together, these findings confirmed that ADSCs modulate the host immune response by suppressing T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinmin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxia Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xianyu Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The suppression effect of dendritic cells maturation by adipose-derived stem cells through TGF-β1 related pathway. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:708-717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|