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Chen T, Wang Z, Gong X, Zhang J, Zhang N, Yang J, Zhu Y, Zhou Y. Preparation of Compound Salvia miltiorrhiza- Blumea balsamifera Nanoemulsion Gel and Its Effect on Hypertrophic Scars in the Rabbit Ear Model. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2298-2314. [PMID: 38527915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars (HS) still remain an urgent challenge in the medical community. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in the treatment of HS. However, due to the natural barrier of the skin, it is difficult for the natural active components of TCM to more effectively penetrate the skin and exert therapeutic effects. Therefore, the development of an efficient drug delivery system to facilitate enhanced transdermal absorption of TCM becomes imperative for its clinical application. In this study, we designed a compound Salvia miltiorrhiza-Blumea balsamifera nanoemulsion gel (CSB-NEG) and investigated its therapeutic effects on rabbit HS models. The prescription of CSB-NEG was optimized by single-factor, pseudoternary phase diagram, and central composite design experiments. The results showed that the average particle size and PDI of the optimized CSB-NE were 46.0 ± 0.2 nm and 0.222 ± 0.004, respectively, and the encapsulation efficiency of total phenolic acid was 93.37 ± 2.56%. CSB-NEG demonstrated excellent stability and skin permeation in vitro and displayed a significantly enhanced ability to inhibit scar formation compared to the CSB physical mixture in vivo. After 3 weeks of CSB-NEG treatment, the scar appeared to be flat, pink, and flexible. Furthermore, this treatment also resulted in a decrease in the levels of the collagen I/III ratio and TGF-β1 and Smad2 proteins while simultaneously promoting the growth and remodeling of microvessels. These findings suggest that CSB-NEG has the potential to effectively address the barrier properties of the skin and provide therapeutic benefits for HS, offering a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
- Nano-drug Technology Research Center of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zuhua Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
- Nano-drug Technology Research Center of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingchu Gong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
- Nano-drug Technology Research Center of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
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Liang Q, Li D, Li J, Li Y, Zou Y, Zhang Y. Protective effect of Danshensu against neurotoxicity induced by monosodium glutamate in adult mice and their offspring. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25546. [PMID: 38356496 PMCID: PMC10865244 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive neuronal excitation by glutamate is a well-established cause of neurotoxicity, leading to severe impairment of brain function. Excitotoxicity is a key factor in numerous neurodegenerative conditions. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of Danshensu (DSS) against monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced neurotoxicity in adult mice and their offspring. We randomly divided one hundred 8-week-old Kunming mice (equal number of males and females) into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group was further subdivided into various treatment groups, including MSG gavage treatment, bwbw DSS treatment group 1 (bwbw DSS treatment group 2, a drug control group, and a normal control group (receiving an equal volume of physiological saline for ten consecutive days). Additionally, another one hundred healthy 8-week-old Kunming mice were similarly divided into groups and treated. These mice were paired randomly (one male and one female) and pregnant females were housed separately to obtain offspring. Subsequently, we conducted histological and behavioral analyses on adult mice and their offspring. MSG treatment induced significant cellular edema and hippocampal damage in both the treated mice and their offspring. However, varying doses of DSS effectively counteracted the neurotoxic effects of MSG, with no adverse impact on brain tissue structure or neural function in either adult mice or their offspring. Behavioral experiments further confirmed that DSS exerted a substantial protective effect against MSG-induced impairment of learning and memory in the treated adult mice and their offspring, in addition to mitigating central nervous system overexcitation and inhibiting exploratory behavior. In conclusion, DSS exerts significant protective effects against MSG-induced neurotoxicity in both adult mice and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liang
- College of Health, Hainan Technology and Business College, Haikou 570203, PR China
- Hainan Institute for Food and Drug Control Haikou Branch, Haikou 570311, PR China
| | - Dingguo Li
- Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, PR China
| | - Jianli Li
- Hainan Institute for Food and Drug Control Haikou Branch, Haikou 570311, PR China
| | - Yuanzhu Li
- College of Health, Hainan Technology and Business College, Haikou 570203, PR China
| | - Yanan Zou
- College of Health, Hainan Technology and Business College, Haikou 570203, PR China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- College of Health, Hainan Technology and Business College, Haikou 570203, PR China
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Wu Q, Ou C, Wang J, Wu X, Gao Z, Zhao Y, Lu G, Wu Z, Yu H. Jiawei Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pill: marker compounds, absorption into the serum (rat), and Q-markers identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1328632. [PMID: 38375037 PMCID: PMC10875140 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1328632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The Jiawei Kongsheng Zhenzhong pill (JKZP), a Chinese herbal prescription comprised of eight Chinese crude drugs, has been historically employed to treat neurological and psychological disorders. Nevertheless, the ambiguous material basis severely hindered its progress and application. Purpose: The current study aimed to establish a rapid analytical method for identifying the chemical components of the JKZP aqueous extract and the components absorbed into the rat serum to investigate the quality markers (Q-markers) responsible for the neuroprotective effects of JKZP. Methods: The qualitative detection of the chemical components, prototype components, and metabolites of the aqueous extracts of JKZP, as well as the serum samples of rats that were administered the drug, was performed using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography- quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technology. This analysis combined information from literature reports and database comparisons. Moreover, the study was conducted to anticipate the potential Q-markers for the neuroprotective effects of JKZP based on the "five principles" of Q-marker determination. Results: A total of 67 compounds and 111 serum components (comprising 33 prototypes and 78 metabolites) were detected and identified. Combining the principles of quality transmission and traceability, compound compatibility environment, component specificity, effectiveness, and measurability, the study predicted that five key compounds, namely, senkyunolide H, danshensu, echinacoside, loganin, and 3,6'-disinapoyl sucrose, may serve as potential pharmacological bases for the neuroprotective effects of JKZP. Conclusion: To summarize, the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique can be employed to rapidly and accurately identify compounds in JKZP. Five active compounds have been predicted to be the Q-markers for the neuroprotective effects of JKZP. This discovery serves as a reference for improving quality, advancing further research and development, and utilizing Chinese herbal prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolan Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxue Ou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiayun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zu Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guangying Lu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Co-innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Jinan, China
| | - Zhichun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Co-innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Jinan, China
| | - Huayun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Co-innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Jinan, China
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Zhang X, Yang Q, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Zeng W, Yu Q, Zeng M, Gan J, Li H, Yang L, Gao Q, Jiang X. Sodium Danshensu ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting CLIC4/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated endothelial cell pyroptosis. Biofactors 2024; 50:74-88. [PMID: 37458329 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial pyroptosis promotes cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Sodium Danshensu (SDSS) has been shown to attenuate CIRI and have anti-inflammatory properties in endothelial cells. However, the mechanism and effect of SDSS on alleviating endothelial pyroptosis after CIRI remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of SDSS in reducing endothelial pyroptosis. It has been shown that SDSS administration inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. As demonstrated by protein microarrays, molecular docking, CETSA and ITDRFCETSA , SDSS bound strongly to CLIC4. Furthermore, SDSS can decrease its expression and inhibit its translocation. Its effectiveness was lowered by CLIC4 overexpression but not by knockdown. Overall The beneficial effect of SDSS against CIRI in this study can be ascribed to blocking endothelial pyroptosis by binding to CLIC4 and then inhibiting chloride efflux-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- Oncology Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huhu Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Qi L, Wang F, Sun X, Li H, Zhang K, Li J. Recent advances in tissue repair of the blood-brain barrier after stroke. J Tissue Eng 2024; 15:20417314241226551. [PMID: 38304736 PMCID: PMC10832427 DOI: 10.1177/20417314241226551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) enables the necessary exchange of substances between the brain parenchyma and circulating blood and is important for the normal functioning of the central nervous system. Ischemic stroke inflicts damage upon the BBB, triggering adverse stroke outcomes such as cerebral edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and aggravated neuroinflammation. Therefore, effective repair of the damaged BBB after stroke and neovascularization that allows for the unique selective transfer of substances from the BBB after stroke is necessary and important for the recovery of brain function. This review focuses on four important therapies that have effects of BBB tissue repair after stroke in the last seven years. Most of these new therapies show increased expression of BBB tight-junction proteins, and some show beneficial results in terms of enhanced pericyte coverage at the injured vessels. This review also briefly outlines three effective classes of approaches and their mechanisms for promoting neoangiogenesis following a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujie Qi
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hang Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jingan Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Zheng Y, Zheng C, Tu W, Jiang Y, Lin H, Chen W, Lee Q, Zheng W. Danshensu inhibits Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity as one of the main prominent features of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125294. [PMID: 37315666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been found that the main cause of neurodegenerative proteinopathies, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the formation of Aβ amyloid plaques, which can be regulated by application of potential small molecules. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of danshensu on Aβ(1-42) aggregation and relevant apoptotic pathway in neurons. A broad range of spectroscopic, theoretical, and cellular assays were done to investigate the anti-amyloidogenic characteristics of danshensu. It was found that danshensu triggers its inhibitory effect against Aβ(1-42) aggregation through modulation of hydrophobic patches as well as structural and morphological changes through a stacking interaction. Furthermore, it was observed that incubation of Aβ(1-42) samples with danshensu during aggregation process recovered the cell viability and mitigated the expression of caspase-3 mRNA and protein as well caspase-3 activity deregulated by Aβ(1-42) amyloid fibrils alone. In general, obtained data showed that danshensu potentially inhibits Aβ(1-42) aggregation and associated proteinopathies through regulation of apoptotic pathway in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, danshensu may be used as a promising biomolecule against the Aβ aggregation and associated proteinopathies, which can be further analyzed in the future studies for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Zheng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Wenzhan Tu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Wangchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qian Lee
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Wu Zheng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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Li L, Yang JH, Li C, Zhou HF, Yu L, Wu XL, Lu YH, He Y, Wan HT. Danhong injection improves neurological function in rats with ischemic stroke by enhancing neurogenesis and activating BDNF/AKT/CREB signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114887. [PMID: 37207429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Danhong injection (DHI) is a traditional Chinese medicine injection that promotes blood circulation and removes blood stasis and has been widely used in the treatment of stroke. Many studies have focused on the mechanism of DHI in acute ischemic stroke (IS); however, few studies have thoroughly explored its role during recovery. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of DHI on long-term neurological function recovery after cerebral ischemia and explored the related mechanisms. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to establish an IS model in rats. The efficacy of DHI was assessed using neurological severity scores, behaviors, cerebral infarction volume and histopathology. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to assess hippocampal neurogenesis. An in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model was constructed and western-blot analyses were performed to verify the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that DHI treatment greatly reduced the infarct volume, promoted neurological recovery and reversed brain pathological changes. Furthermore, DHI promoted neurogenesis by increasing the migration and proliferation of neural stem cells, and enhancing synaptic plasticity. Moreover, we found that the pro-neurogenic effects of DHI were related to an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and the activation of AKT/CREB, which were attenuated by ANA-12 and LY294002, the inhibitors of the BDNF receptor and PI3K. These results suggest that DHI improves neurological function by enhancing neurogenesis and activating the BDNF/AKT/CREB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Jie-Hong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Chang Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Hui-Fen Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Li Yu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Yi-Hang Lu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang province, China.
| | - Hai-Tong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang province, China.
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Feng XF, Li MC, Lin ZY, Li MZ, Lu Y, Zhuang YM, Lei JF, Wang L, Zhao H. Tetramethylpyrazine promotes stroke recovery by inducing the restoration of neurovascular unit and transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1125412. [PMID: 37051111 PMCID: PMC10083399 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1125412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) as an active ingredient extracted from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. has been proved to penetrate blood-brain barrier (BBB) and show neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia. However, whether TMP could regulate astrocytic reactivity to facilitate neurovascular restoration in the subacute ischemic stroke needs to be urgently verified. In this research, permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) model was conducted and TMP (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administrated to rats once daily for 2 weeks. Neurological function was evaluated by motor deficit score (MDS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was implemented to analyze tissue injury and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was applied to exhibit vascular signals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to detect the neurovascular unit (NVU) ultrastructure. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was utilized to evaluate cerebral histopathological lesions. The neurogenesis, angiogenesis, A1/A2 reactivity, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and connexin 43 (Cx43) of astrocytes were observed with immunofluorescent staining. Then FGF2/PI3K/AKT signals were measured by western blot. Findings revealed TMP ameliorated neurological functional recovery, preserved NVU integrity, and enhanced endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis of rats with subacute ischemia. Shifting A1 to A2 reactivity, suppressing excessive AQP4 and Cx43 expression of astrocytes, and activating FGF2/PI3K/AKT pathway might be potential mechanisms of promoting neurovascular restoration with TMP after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-cong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-yue Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Man-zhong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-ming Zhuang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-feng Lei
- Medical Imaging Laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Zhao
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9
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Hu S, Chen Y, Huang S, Liu M, Liu Y, Huang S. Sodium Danshensu protects against oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced astrocytes injury through regulating NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and tuberous sclerosis complex-2 (TSC2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1097. [PMID: 36388798 PMCID: PMC9652549 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemic stroke is a serious condition with high incidence, mortality, and associated disability. Currently, effective therapeutic options are available for ischemic stroke are limited. Accumulating evidence indicates that sodium Danshensu, mono sodium compound derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza, plays protective roles in ischemic stroke. However, the underlying protective mechanism of sodium Danshensu in cerebral ischemic stroke remains unknown. METHODS In the current study, we explored the role and mechanism of sodium Danshensu on astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), which mimics the process of ischemia-reperfusion. The impact of sodium Danshensu on cell viability and apoptosis after OGD/R were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dophenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to detect the expression of target messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS It was found that sodium Danshensu could significantly increase cell viability and decrease LDH release and apoptosis. Besides, it inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Sodium Danshensu also dose-dependently decreased protein and mRNA levels of nucleotide binding oligomerization NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which play a crucial role in promoting ischemic stroke-induced cell injury. Moreover, sodium Danshensu dose-dependently upregulated Beclin 1 expression, downregulated P62 protein expression, and further increased LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio through inducing autophagy in astrocytes. Additionally, we noticed that sodium Danshensu dose-dependently increased tuberous sclerosis complex-2 (TSC2) protein expression, while significantly reduced the levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the presence of OGD/R insult. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that sodium Danshensu protects against OGD/R-induced injury by modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and TSC2/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhao Hu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingli Chen
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Shipeng Huang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaofang Huang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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10
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Li J, Li R, Wu X, Zheng C, Shiu PHT, Rangsinth P, Lee SMY, Leung GPH. An Update on the Potential Application of Herbal Medicine in Promoting Angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928817. [PMID: 35928282 PMCID: PMC9345329 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vascular networks, plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. The use of pro-angiogenic agents has been proposed as an attractive approach for promoting wound healing and treating vascular insufficiency-related problems, such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. Traditional herbal medicine has a long history; however, there is still a need for more in-depth studies and evidence-based confirmation from controlled and validated trials. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that herbal medicines and their bioactive ingredients exert pro-angiogenic activity. The most frequently studied pro-angiogenic phytochemicals include ginsenosides from Panax notoginseng, astragalosides and calycosin from Radix Astragali, salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza, paeoniflorin from Radix Paeoniae, ilexsaponin A1 from Ilex pubescens, ferulic acid from Angelica sinensis, and puerarin from Radix puerariae. This review summarizes the progress in research on these phytochemicals, particularly those related to pro-angiogenic mechanisms and applications in ischemic diseases, tissue repair, and wound healing. In addition, an outline of their limitations and challenges during drug development is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Polly Ho-Ting Shiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa Macao SAR, China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: George Pak-Heng Leung,
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11
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Wei ZZ, Chen D, Lee MJH, Zhao Y, Gu X, Yu SP, Wei L. DL-3-n-butylphthalide Increases Collateriogenesis and Functional Recovery after Focal Ischemic Stroke in Mice. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1835-1849. [PMID: 34631224 PMCID: PMC8460296 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that collateral circulation is critical for the outcome of ischemic stroke. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), a synthesized compound based on an extract from seeds of celery Apium graveolens Linn, has been used as a therapeutic drug, showing multiple neuroprotective and regenerative activities. A potential effect of NBP on collateral arterial regulation is unknown. We examined the effects of NBP on arteriogenesis of collateral arteries in vitro and a mouse ischemic stroke model. In cultures of mouse iPS cell-derived vascular progenitors, NBP (10 μM) significantly increased α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)/CD-31 co-labeled cells and the expression of newly formed vasculature marker PDGFRα. A sensorimotor cortex ischemia was induced in transgenic mice expressing αSMA-GFP that allowed direct observation of arterial vasculatures in brain regions. NBP (80 mg/kg) was intranasally delivered 1 hr after stroke and once daily for 14 days. To label proliferating cells, 5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated every day from 3 days after stroke. Western blotting of peri-infarct tissue detected increased expressions of VEGF, Ang-1 and reduced nNOS level in NBP-treated mice. The NBP treatment significantly increased αSMA/BrdU co-labeled cells, the diameter of ipsilateral collaterals, and arterial area in ischemic and peri-infarct regions examined 14 days after stroke. Examined 3 days after stroke, NBP prevented functional deficits in the cylinder test and corner test. The NBP treatment of 14 days improved the local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and functional performance in multiple tests. Thus, NBP promotes collateriogenesis, short and long-term structural and functional improvements after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zachory Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew Joong H Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaohuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Yu C, Dong H, Wang Q, Bai J, Li YN, Zhao JJ, Li JZ. Danshensu attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through activation of Nrf2 pathway and inhibition of NF-κB. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111995. [PMID: 34435595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of cisplatin was mainly limited by severe nephrotoxicity. Danshensu was the main pharmacological active diterpenoids which extracted from the roots of Salvia milthiorriza Bunge. This study is aimed to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of Danshensu against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. After fasting for 12 h, all mice groups except the control group were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg cisplatin. 1 h later, cisplatin (25 mg/kg) + Danshensu (15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg) groups were treated with corresponding doses of Danshensu once a day for 7 consecutive days. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed in this study. The expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were examined by ELISA. The results showed that Danshensu could improve kidney damage, attenuate serum BUN, creatinine, cytokines and oxidative stress markers. Further studies showed that Danshensu can induce Nrf2/HO-1 activation and inhibition of NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, Danshensu exerts the protective effects on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, which may be related to the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of NF-ĸB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - Hua Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Qingchen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Junzhe Bai
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Ni Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Juan-Juan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Zhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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13
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Zhao C, Wang W, Yan K, Sun H, Han J, Hu Y. The therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetic complications. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:547-556. [PMID: 34382512 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210811153610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The alterations in vascular homeostasis is deeply involved in the development of numerous diseases, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetic complications. Changes in blood flow and endothelial permeability caused by vascular dysfunction are the common mechanisms for these three types of diseases. The disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism can result in changes of the energy production patterns in endothelium and surrounding cells which may consequently cause local energy metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) follows the principle of the "treatment by the syndrome differentiation". TCM considers of that coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes complications all as the type of "Qi deficiency and Blood stasis" syndrome, which mainly happens to the vascular system. Therefore, the common pathogenesis of these three types of diseases suggests the treatment strategy by TCM should be in a close manner and named as "treating different diseases by the same treatment". Qishen Yiqi dripping pills is a modern Chinese herbal medicine which has been widely used for treatment of patients with coronary heart disease characterized as "Qi deficiency and blood stasis" in China. Recently, many clinical reports have demonstrated the potent therapeutic effects of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills on ischemic stroke and diabetic nephropathy. Based on these reports, we will summarize the clinical applications of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills on coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke and diabetic nephropathy, including the involved mechanisms with basic researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Zhao
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
| | - He Sun
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
| | - Jihong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin. China
| | - Yunhui Hu
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
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14
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Wan H, Yang Y, Li Z, Cheng L, Ding Z, Wan H, Yang J, Zhou H. Compatibility of ingredients of Danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) and Honghua ( Flos Carthami) and their protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:849. [PMID: 34149895 PMCID: PMC8210257 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) and Honghua (Flos Carthami) (Danhong) are two drugs commonly prescribed together, which are often used in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases in China. Due to the complexity of the ingredients of Danhong, the present study focused on performing the orthogonal compatibility method on the primary effective molecules of this drug: Tanshinol, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B and hydroxysafflor yellow A. These four molecules were studied to determine their protective effects and to screen for the most compatible ingredients to improve cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) in rats. Focal middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed to establish the cerebral IR model in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, IR group and nine orthogonal administration groups with different ratios of Danhong effective ingredients and Danhong injection group. Neurological deficit score and cerebral infarction volume were measured postoperatively. Morphological pathological alterations were observed via H&E staining. Bcl-2 and Bax were quantified using ELISA. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to analyze the expression of caspase-3 in the hippocampus. The expression levels of cytochrome c, apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (apaf-1), caspase-9, caspase-3 and p53 mRNA in the hippocampus were assessed via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results demonstrated that different compatibility groups significantly reduced the neurological function score and decreased the volume of cerebral infarct compared with the IR group. These groups were also indicated to improve the pathological damage to the brain tissue. In addition, certain compatibility groups significantly decreased the number of caspase-3 positive cells in the hippocampus and the expression levels of cytochrome c, apaf-1, caspase-9, caspase-3 and p53 mRNA in the brain tissue. Orthogonal group 4 (30 mg/kg tanshinol; 2.5 mg/kg salvianolic acid A; 16 mg/kg salvianolic acid B; 8 mg/kg hydroxysafflor yellow A) was indicated to be the most effective. The four effective ingredients of Danhong exhibited a protective effect on rats with cerebral IR injury, potentially through the inhibition of apoptosis via the downregulation of key targets upstream of the caspase-3 pathway. In addition, the present study provided novel insights for the continued study of the drug compatibility rules of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Yang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Lan Cheng
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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15
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Wang M, Tang W, Gong N, Liu P. Sodium Danshensu inhibits the progression of lung cancer by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:88-96. [PMID: 34196024 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sodium Danshensu, extracted from the root of the Salvia miltiorrhiza, has pleiotropic effects including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-tumor. However, whether Sodium Danshensu has an anti-cancer effect in lung cancer remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to illustrate the effects of Sodium Danshensu on lung cancer cells and the potential molecular mechanisms. BEAS-2B, A549, and NCI-H1299 cells were stimulated with 25, 50, and 100 μM Sodium Danshensu for 24, 48, and 72 h, and then cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometry and Transwell assays, respectively. Moreover, the levels of Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) associated X (Bax), Bcl-2, phosphorylated (p)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and p-Protein kinase B (AKT) in lung cancer cells were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and/or Western blot assays. We observed that Sodium Danshensu suppressed cells viability, migration, and invasion, as well as promoted cells apoptosis in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells in a dose-dependent manner, while Sodium Danshensu had no cytotoxic effect on the proliferation activity of BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, the expression of PCNA, MMP9, Bcl-2 were decreased, but Bax was up-regulated in Sodium Danshensu-treated A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. Our findings also revealed that Sodium Danshensu inhibited PI3K/AKT pathway in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. In conclusion, our study provided the first evidence that Sodium Danshensu suppressed the malignant biological behaviors of lung cancer cells, indicating that Sodium Danshensu might be a latent candidate for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Weihua Tang
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Nianjin Gong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
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16
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Zhao Y, Wang S, Song X, Yuan J, Qi D, Gu X, Yin MY, Han Z, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Wei L, Wei ZZ. Glial Cell-Based Vascular Mechanisms and Transplantation Therapies in Brain Vessel and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:627682. [PMID: 33841101 PMCID: PMC8032950 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.627682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) with severe neurological/psychiatric symptoms, such as cerebrovascular pathology in AD, CAA, and chronic stroke, have brought greater attention with their incidence and prevalence having markedly increased over the past few years. Causes of the significant neuropathologies, especially those observed in neurological diseases in the CNS, are commonly believed to involve multiple factors such as an age, a total environment, genetics, and an immunity contributing to their progression, neuronal, and vascular injuries. We primarily focused on the studies of glial involvement/dysfunction in part with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the neurovascular unit (NVU) changes, and the vascular mechanisms, which have been both suggested as critical roles in chronic stroke and many other NDDs. It has been noted that glial cells including astrocytes (which outnumber other cell types in the CNS) essentially contribute more to the BBB integrity, extracellular homeostasis, neurotransmitter release, regulation of neurogenic niches in response to neuroinflammatory stimulus, and synaptic plasticity. In a recent study for NDDs utilizing cellular and molecular biology and genetic and pharmacological tools, the role of reactive astrocytes (RACs) and gliosis was demonstrated, able to trigger pathophysiological/psychopathological detrimental changes during the disease progression. We speculate, in particular, the BBB, the NVU, and changes of the astrocytes (potentially different populations from the RACs) not only interfere with neuronal development and synaptogenesis, but also generate oxidative damages, contribute to beta-amyloid clearances and disrupted vasculature, as well as lead to neuroinflammatory disorders. During the past several decades, stem cell therapy has been investigated with a research focus to target related neuro-/vascular pathologies (cell replacement and repair) and neurological/psychiatric symptoms (paracrine protection and homeostasis). Evidence shows that transplantation of neurogenic or vasculogenic cells could be achieved to pursue differentiation and maturation within the diseased brains as expected. It would be hoped that, via regulating functions of astrocytes, astrocytic involvement, and modulation of the BBB, the NVU and astrocytes should be among major targets for therapeutics against NDDs pathogenesis by drug and cell-based therapies. The non-invasive strategies in combination with stem cell transplantation such as the well-tested intranasal deliveries for drug and stem cells by our and many other groups show great translational potentials in NDDs. Neuroimaging and clinically relevant analyzing tools need to be evaluated in various NDDs brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhao
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Airport Hospital of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuanglin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Airport Hospital of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- Mclean Imaging Center, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Junliang Yuan
- Mclean Imaging Center, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Qi
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael Yaoyao Yin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhou Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zheng Zachory Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory Specialized Center of Sex Differences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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17
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Effect of Qizhitongluo capsule on lower limb rehabilitation after stroke: A randomized clinical trial. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105464. [PMID: 33515707 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An individual's level of lower limb motor function is associated with his or her disability level after stroke, and motor improvement may lead to a better prognosis and quality of life. Data from animal models show that Qizhitongluo (QZTL) capsule facilitates recovery after focal brain injury. We aimed to validate the efficacy and safety of the QZTL capsule for promoting lower limb motor recovery in poststroke patients. METHODS In this randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trial from 13 sites in China, participants with ischemic stroke and Fugl-Meyer motor scale (FMMS) scores of <95 were eligible for inclusion. Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1:1 ratio to the QZTL group, Naoxintong (NXT) group or placebo group for 12 weeks at 15-28 days after the onset of stroke. The primary outcome was the change in the Lower Limb FMMS (FMMS-LL) score from baseline over the 12-week intervention period. RESULTS 622 participants were randomly assigned to the QZTL group (309), NXT group (159), or placebo group (154). The FMMS-LL score increased by 4.81 points (95 % CI, 4.27-5.35) in the QZTL group, by 3.77 points (95 % CI, 3.03-4.51) in the NXT group and by 3.00 points (95 % CI, 3.03-4.51) in the placebo group at week 12. The QZTL group showed significantly larger improvements compared with the placebo group at each interview from weeks 4-12 (difference, 0.89 [0.30,1.49] at week 4, P = 0.0032; difference, 1.83[1.01,2.66] at 90 days poststroke, P < 0.0001; difference, 1.81[0.88,2.74] at week 12, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION The QZTL capsule is an effective treatment for lower limb motor impairment. The finding indicates that the QZTL capsule may be used as a potential new strategy for stroke rehabilitation.
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18
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Xiao G, Lyu M, Li Z, Cao L, Liu X, Wang Y, He S, Chen Z, Du H, Feng Y, Wang J, Zhu Y. Restoration of early deficiency of axonal guidance signaling by guanxinning injection as a novel therapeutic option for acute ischemic stroke. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105460. [PMID: 33513357 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite of its high morbidity and mortality, there is still a lack of effective treatment for ischemic stroke in part due to our incomplete understanding of molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that SHH-PTCH1-GLI1-mediated axonal guidance signaling and its related neurogenesis, a central pathway for neuronal development, also plays a critical role in early stage of an acute stroke model. Specifically, in vivo, we evaluated the effect of GXNI on ischemic stroke mice via using the middle cerebral artery embolization model, and found that GXNI significantly alleviated cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing the volume of cerebral infarction, neurological deficit score and cerebral edema, reversing the BBB permeability and histopathological changes. A combined approach of RNA-seq and network pharmacology analysis was used to reveal the underlying mechanisms of GXNI followed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting validation. It was pointed out that axon guidance signaling pathway played the most prominent role in GXNI action with Shh, Ptch1, and Gli1 genes as the critical contributors in brain protection. In addition, GXNI markedly prevented primary cortical neuron cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation damage in vitro, and promoted axon growth and synaptogenesis of damaged neurons, which further confirmed the results of in vivo experiments. Moreover, due to the inhibition of the SHH-PTCH1-GLI1 signaling pathway by cyclopropylamine, the effect of GXNI was significantly weakened. Hence, our study provides a novel option for the clinical treatment of acute ischemic stroke by GXNI via SHH-PTCH1-GLI1-mediated axonal guidance signaling, a neuronal development pathway previously considered for after-stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Linghua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yule Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Hongxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Li L, Liu Y, Zhao X, Qi C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu T. Salvianic Acid A Sodium Promotes the Recovery of Motor Function After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats by Reducing Microglia Inflammation through Regulating MIP2/Vdac1/Ndufa12 Signaling Axis. Orthop Surg 2020; 12:1971-1979. [PMID: 33078551 PMCID: PMC7767673 DOI: 10.1111/os.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To clarify the effects on and the mechanism of salvianic acid A sodium (SAAS) in the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury. Methods In vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out in this research to determine the effects of SAAS on tissue damage, neuron survival, microglia polarization, and inflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI). Differentially expressed genes treated with SAAS were screened by transcriptome sequencing, and the molecular mechanism was investigated simultaneously. Results The results revealed that SAAS could promote type M2 polarization of microglia and reduce the proportion of type M1. In this way, it reduced the secretion and expression of inflammatory factors. Compared with Lipopolysaccharides(LPS), 345 genes were upregulated and 407 genes were downregulated in the LPS + SAAS treatment group. In the SAAS group, expression levels of Ndufa12, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and Vdac1 were significantly reduced, while a marked elevation was found in MIP2. In addition, results found in an animal model showed that SAAS could obviously facilitate motor function recovery of mice after spinal cord injury, and it had a good protective effect on spinal cord tissue and neuron cells. Conclusion As a result, the present study clarified both the protective effect of SAAS on neurons after spinal cord injury and the anti‐inflammatory effect of microglia, which is expected to serve as a theoretical basis for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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20
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Bu L, Dai O, Zhou F, Liu F, Chen JF, Peng C, Xiong L. Traditional Chinese medicine formulas, extracts, and compounds promote angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110855. [PMID: 33059257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases, such as ischemic heart diseases and ischemic stroke, are the leading cause of death worldwide. Angiogenic therapy is a wide-ranging approach to fighting ischemic diseases. However, compared with anti-angiogenesis therapy for tumors, less attention has been paid to therapeutic angiogenesis. Recently, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has garnered increasing interest for its definite curative effect and low toxicity. A growing number of studies have reported that TCM formulas, extracts, and compounds from herbal medicines exert pro-angiogenic activity, which has been confirmed in a few clinical trials. For comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, global and local databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched using keywords such as "angiogenesis," "neovascularization," "traditional Chinese medicine," "formula," "extract," and "compound." Articles were chosen that are closely and directly related to pro-angiogenesis. This review summarizes the pro-angiogenic activity and the mechanism of TCM formulas, extracts, and compounds; it delivers an in-depth understanding of the relationship between TCM and pro-angiogenesis and will provide new ideas for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ou Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jin-Feng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Liang Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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21
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Protective Mechanism and Treatment of Neurogenesis in Cerebral Ischemia. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2258-2277. [PMID: 32794152 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and is a main cause of disability in adults. Neither currently marketed drugs nor commonly used treatments can promote nerve repair and neurogenesis after stroke, and the repair of neurons damaged by ischemia has become a research focus. This article reviews several possible mechanisms of stroke and neurogenesis and introduces novel neurogenic agents (fibroblast growth factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, purine nucleosides, resveratrol, S-nitrosoglutathione, osteopontin, etc.) as well as other treatments that have shown neuroprotective or neurogenesis-promoting effects.
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22
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Kumar VB, Lin SH, Mahalakshmi B, Lo YS, Lin CC, Chuang YC, Hsieh MJ, Chen MK. Sodium Danshensu Inhibits Oral Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Modulating p38 Signaling Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:568436. [PMID: 33101201 PMCID: PMC7554528 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.568436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that comprises about 90% of all oral cancer cases is associated with poor prognosis due to its highly metastatic nature. The majority of OSCC treatment options are related detrimental side-effects. Hypothesis/Purpose: The present study aimed at deciphering the effects of a bioactive phytochemical, sodium danshensu, on human oral cancer cell metastasis. Methods and Results: The treatment of FaDu and Ca9-22 cells with different doses of sodium danshensu (25, 50, and 100 μM) caused a significant reduction in cellular motility, migration, and invasion, as compared to the untreated cells. This effect was associated with a reduced expression of MMP-2, vimentin and N-cadherin, together with an enhanced expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1. Further investigation on the molecular mechanism revealed that treatment with sodium danshensu caused significant reduction in p38 phosphorylation; however, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 significantly decreased only in FaDu cells, whereas p-JNK1/2 did not show any alteration. A combination of p38 and JNK1/2 inhibitors with sodium danshensu also reduced the migration in the FaDu and Ca9-22 cell lines. Conclusion: Collectively, the present study findings reveal that sodium danshensu execute anti-metastatic effect by suppressing p38 phosphorylation in human oral cancer. The study identifies sodium danshensu as a potential natural anticancer agent that can be used therapeutically to manage highly metastatic OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Bharath Kumar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - B. Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Holistic Wellness, Mingdao University, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ming-Ju Hsieh
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Mu-Kuan Chen
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Jin Y, Yu L, Xu F, Zhou J, Xiong B, Tang Y, Li X, Liu L, Jin W. Pharmacokinetics of Active Ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius in Compatibility in Normal and Cerebral Ischemia Rats: A Comparative Study. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 45:273-284. [PMID: 31828667 PMCID: PMC7089879 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-019-00597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Dan-Hong injection, which comprises extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius, promotes blood circulation and reduces blood stasis. Combination of S. miltiorrhiza and C. tinctorius is more effective in treating cerebral ischemia than S. miltiorrhiza alone. This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetic characteristics of four active ingredients of S. miltiorrhiza and C. tinctorius, namely danshensu (DSS), hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), and salvianolic acid A (SAA) and B (SAB) in normal and cerebral ischemia rats. Methods Normal and cerebral ischemia rats were injected via the tail vein with each active ingredient, and blood was collected through the jaw vein at different time points. The plasma concentration of the compatibility group was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using Pharmacokinetic Kinetica 4.4 software. Results The pharmacokinetics of the four active ingredients in the normal and cerebral ischemia rats were consistent with a two-compartment model. The area under the concentration–time curve was higher in normal rats than in cerebral ischemia rats, with a highly significant difference for SAA (P < 0.01). Clearance rates were lower in normal rats than in cerebral ischemia rats, with DSS showing the most significant difference (P < 0.01). Furthermore, there were significant differences between normal and cerebral ischemia rats in the distribution phase-elimination half life for DSS, SAA, and HSYA, as well as in the apparent volume of distribution for the central compartment for DSS and HSYA (P < 0.01). The plasma concentrations of the four active ingredients were higher in normal rats than in cerebral ischemia rats. Conclusion Cerebral ischemia rats showed higher drug clearance rates and longer retention times than normal rats, which may be due to destruction of the blood–brain barrier during cerebral ischemia–reperfusion. The four active ingredients likely integrated and interacted with each other to affect target sites in the brain to protect against cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, No. 219 Moganshan Road, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinshan Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanying Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weifeng Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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Lithium chloride promoted hematoma resolution after intracerebral hemorrhage through GSK-3β-mediated pathways-dependent microglia phagocytosis and M2-phenotype differentiation, angiogenesis and neurogenesis in a rat model. Brain Res Bull 2019; 152:117-127. [PMID: 31325596 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Some neuroprotective agents have been used clinically to address the resulting various adverse effects after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Particularly, effectively removing the hematoma is of practical significance to exert neuroprotective effects following ICH. However, such agents are still in need of development. Lithium chloride (LiCl) has shown neuroprotective effects through glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibition in a variety of central nervous system diseases. However, the impact of LiCl on hematoma clearance and the potential molecular mechanisms have not been reported. We hypothesize that LiCl may exert neuroprotective roles after ICH, partly through promoting hematoma resolution. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to ICH followed by intraperitoneal injection of LiCl (60 mg/kg). The hematoma volumes of ipsilateral hemisphere were determined using Drabkin's method. The sensorimotor deficits were evaluated by neurobehavioral tests. The expressions of target molecules involved in the process of hematoma clearance were assayed using immunofluorescence and Western blot. Our results showed that animals treated with LiCl presented significantly reduced hematoma volume after ICH, which was coupled with enhanced microglia phagocytosis and its differentiation into M2-phenotype within the first 7 days and up-regulated angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the next 7 days. Meanwhile, GSK-3β was inhibited by LiCl and β-catenin became stabilized, which was followed by up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and CD36 from days 3 to 7, and increase of vascular endothelial growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor from days 7 to 14. These data suggest that LiCl promotes hematoma resolution via enhancing microglia phagocytosis and M2-phenotype differentiation in the early stage (< 7 days) and angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the chronic phase (days 7-14), thus eventually improving the functional outcomes of ICH rats.
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25
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Meng X, Jiang J, Pan H, Wu S, Wang S, Lou Y, Fan G. Preclinical Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Sodium Danshensu, One of the Main Water-Soluble Ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza, in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:554. [PMID: 31231211 PMCID: PMC6558371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of sodium danshensu (Sodium DL-β-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate), one of the main water-soluble active constituents in Salvia miltiorrhiza, were evaluated in rats. Pharmacokinetic study was evaluated in doses of 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg after intravenous administration of sodium danshensu. Bioavailability study was evaluated by comparing between 30 mg/kg (I.V.) and 180 mg/kg (P.O.) of sodium danshensu. Tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion were evaluated at 30 mg/kg (I.V.) of sodium danshensu. Following intravenous administration, sodium danshensu exhibited linear pharmacokinetics in the dose range of 15–60 mg/kg. Sodium danshensu appeared to be poorly absorbed after oral administration, with an absolute bioavailability of 13.72%. The primary distribution tissue was kidney, but it was also distributed to lung, stomach, muscle, uterus, heart, etc. Within 96 h after intravenous administration, 46.99% was excreted via urine and 1.16% was excreted via feces as the parent drug. Biliary excretion of sodium danshensu was about 0.83% for 24 h. Metabolites in urine were identified as methylation, sulfation, both methylation and sulfation, and acetylation of danshensu. Sodium danshensu can be developed as an injection because of its poor oral bioavailability. In conclusion, sodium danshensu is widely distributed, mainly phase II metabolized and excreted primarily in urine as an unchanged drug in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyuan Wu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuowen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefen Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guorong Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Zhang J, Chen S, Shi W, Li M, Zhan Y, Yang L, Zou H, Lei J, Chai X, Gao K, Liu J, Wang W, Wang Y, Zhao H. Effects of Xiaoshuan Enteric-Coated Capsule on White and Gray Matter Injury Evaluated by Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Ischemic Stroke. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:671-683. [PMID: 30284459 PMCID: PMC6686435 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718802755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule (XSECC) is a drug approved by the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of stroke. This study was to investigate the effects of XSECC on white and gray matter injury in a rat model of ischemic stroke by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and histopathological analyses. The ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling was improved by treatment with XSECC on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 30th days after MCAO. Spatiotemporal white and gray matter changes in MCAO rats were examined with DTI-derived parameters (fractional anisotropy, FA; apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC; axial diffusivity, λ//; radial diffusivity, λ⊥). The increased FA was found in the XSECC treatment group in the corpus callosum, external capsule and internal capsule, linked with the decreased λ//, λ⊥ and ADC on the 3rd day and reduced ADC on the 30th day in the external capsule, suggesting XSECC reduced the axon and myelin damage in white matter after stroke. The relative FA in the striatum, cortex and thalamus in XSECC treatment group was significantly increased on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 30th days accompanied by the increased λ// on the 3rd day and reduced relative ADC and λ⊥ on the 30th day, indicating that XSECC attenuated cell swelling and membrane damage in the early stage and tissue liquefaction necrosis in the late stage in gray matter after stroke. Additionally, XSECC-treated rats exhibited increased mean fiber length assessed by diffusion tensor tractography. Moreover, histopathological analyses provided evidence that XSECC relieved nerve cell and myelin damage in white and gray matter after stroke. Our research reveals that XSECC could alleviate white and gray matter injury, especially reducing nerve cell damage and promoting the repair of axon and myelin after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shengpan Chen
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Weilong Shi
- 4 Pharmacy Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manzhong Li
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yang
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zou
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Lei
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlou Chai
- 2 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Gao
- 2 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- 5 Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- 2 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- 2 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,6 School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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