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Adolpho LF, Ribeiro LMS, Freitas GP, Lopes HB, Gomes MPO, Ferraz EP, Gimenes R, Beloti MM, Rosa AL. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with a P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO 3 Scaffold and Photobiomodulation Therapy Enhance Bone Repair in Rat Calvarial Defects. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:306. [PMID: 37367270 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering and cell therapy have been the focus of investigations on how to treat challenging bone defects. This study aimed to produce and characterize a P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO3 scaffold and evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with this scaffold and photobiomodulation (PBM) on bone repair. METHODS AND RESULTS P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO3 was synthesized using an electrospinning technique and presented physical and chemical properties suitable for bone tissue engineering. This scaffold was implanted in rat calvarial defects (unilateral, 5 mm in diameter) and, 2 weeks post-implantation, MSCs were locally injected into these defects (n = 12/group). Photobiomodulation was then applied immediately, and again 48 and 96 h post-injection. The μCT and histological analyses showed an increment in bone formation, which exhibited a positive correlation with the treatments combined with the scaffold, with MSCs and PBM inducing more bone repair, followed by the scaffold combined with PBM, the scaffold combined with MSCs, and finally the scaffold alone (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO3 scaffold acted synergistically with MSCs and PBM to induce bone repair in rat calvarial defects. These findings emphasize the need to combine a range of techniques to regenerate large bone defects and provide avenues for further investigations on innovative tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Faustino Adolpho
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gileade Pereira Freitas
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-020, GO, Brazil
| | - Helena Bacha Lopes
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Oliveira Gomes
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Prado Ferraz
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Rossano Gimenes
- Institute of Physics and Chemistry, University of Itajubá, Itajubá 37500-903, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcio Mateus Beloti
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luiz Rosa
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
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Ferro T, Santhagunam A, Madeira C, Salgueiro JB, Silva CL, Cabral JMS. Successful isolation and ex vivo expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells obtained from different synovial tissue‐derived (biopsy) samples. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3973-3984. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferro
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- CEDOC Chronic Diseases FCM NOVA
- NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Aruna Santhagunam
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Catarina Madeira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- CEDOC Chronic Diseases FCM NOVA
- NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - João B. Salgueiro
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental (CHLO)—Hospital S. Francisco Xavier Lisboa Portugal
| | - Cláudia L. Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
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Robinson D, Ash H, Nevo Z, Aviezer D. Characteristics of Cartilage Biopsies Used for Autologous Chondrocytes Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000001783986882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dror Robinson
- Orthopedic Oncology and Joint Replacement Service, Department of Orthopedics, Assaf Harofe Medical Center, Zeriffin, Israel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hana Ash
- CTI Ltd., Kiriyat Weizman Science Park, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvi Nevo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Aviezer
- CTI Ltd., Kiriyat Weizman Science Park, Rehovot, Israel
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Taiani JT, Krawetz RJ, Yamashita A, Pauchard Y, Buie HR, Ponjevic D, Boyd SK, Rancourt DE, Matyas JR. Embryonic stem cells incorporate into newly formed bone and do not form tumors in an immunocompetent mouse fracture model. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1453-62. [PMID: 23127821 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x658755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are a uniquely self-renewing, pluripotent population of cells that must be differentiated before being useful for cell therapy. Since most studies utilize subcutaneous implantation to test the in vivo functionality of ES cell-derived cells, the objective of the current study was to develop an appropriate and clinically relevant in vivo implantation system in which the behavior and tumorigenicity of ES cell-derived cells could be effectively tested in a tissue-specific (orthotopic) site. Male ES cells were differentiated either into osteoblasts or chondrocytes using protocols that were previously developed and published by our laboratory. The differentiated cells were implanted into a burr-hole fracture created in the proximal tibiae of immunocompetent female mice, strain matched to the ES cell line. The ability of the differentiated ES cell-derived cells (bearing the Y chromosome) to incorporate into the newly formed bone was assessed by micro-computed tomography imaging and histochemistry. ES cells differentiated with either osteogenic or chondrogenic medium supplementation formed a soft tissue mass that disrupted the normal bone architecture by 4 weeks after implantation in some mice. In contrast, mice receiving osteoblastic cells that were differentiated in a three-dimensional type 1 collagen gel showed evidence of new bone formation at the defect site without evidence of tumor formation for up to 8 weeks after implantation. In this injury model, type 1 collagen is more effective than medium supplementation at driving more complete differentiation of ES cells, as evidenced by reducing their tumorigenicity. Overall, the current study emphasizes the importance of using an appropriate orthotopic implantation system to effectively test the behavior and tumorigenicity of the cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymi T Taiani
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Polacek M, Bruun JA, Elvenes J, Figenschau Y, Martinez I. The secretory profiles of cultured human articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells: implications for autologous cell transplantation strategies. Cell Transplant 2010; 20:1381-93. [PMID: 21176404 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x550215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to compare the phenotype of human articular chondrocytes (ACs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after cell expansion by studying the spectrum of proteins secreted by cells into the culture medium. ACs and MSCs were expanded in monolayer cultures for some weeks, as done in standard cell transplantation procedures. Initially, the expression of cartilage signature genes was compared by real-time PCR. Metabolic labeling of proteins (SILAC) in combination with mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) was applied to investigate differences in released proteins. In addition, multiplex assays were carried out to quantify the amounts of several matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their natural inhibitors (TIMPs). Expanded chondrocytes showed a slightly higher expression of cartilage-specific genes than MSCs, whereas the overall spectra of released proteins were very similar for the two cell types. In qualitative terms MSCs seemed to secrete similar number of extracellular matrix proteins (43% vs. 45% of total proteins found) and catabolic agents (9% vs. 10%), and higher number of anabolic agents (12 % vs. 7%) compared to ACs. Some matrix-regulatory agents such as serpins, BMP-1, and galectins were detected only in MSC supernatants. Quantitative analyses of MMPs and TIMPs revealed significantly higher levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-7 in the medium of ACs. Our data show that after the expansion phase, both ACs and MSCs express a dedifferentiated phenotype, resembling each other. ACs hold a phenotype closer to native cartilage at the gene expression level, whereas MSCs show a more anabolic profile by looking at the released proteins pattern. Our data together with the inherent capability of MSCs to maintain their differentiation potential for longer cultivation periods would favor the use of these cells for cartilage reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Polacek
- Orthopaedic Surgery Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Cohen I, Melamed E, Robinson D, Nevo Z. Repair of articular cartilage lesions in aged chickens by allogeneic transplantation of fresh embryonic epiphyses. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2007; 127:763-8. [PMID: 16896741 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-006-0204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The potential of fresh whole chick epiphyses of embryonic origin to serve as implant material for cartilage defects of aged chicken was tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh epiphyses of 11-day-old embryos were collected from 24 animals and transplanted into defects created in the weight-bearing areas of tibiotarsal joint cartilage of 2-year-old chicks. Upon sacrifice, samples were examined macroscopically and microsections were prepared for histology. RESULTS Macroscopically, control defects remained empty at all the time intervals. Defects of the experimental group were, on the other hand, filled with cartilaginous tissue as early as 2 weeks posttransplantation, although individual epiphyses could still be noted in the implant tissue. At 4 weeks and later, defects were filled with cartilaginous material indistinguishable from hyaline cartilage. Histologically, all grafts remained within the defect's pits, showing mitotic and metabolic activity typical to proliferating hyaline cartilage. The engrafted epiphyses showed a partial incorporation and integration with the surrounding host tissues already at 2 weeks. At 4 weeks and later, the integration was complete. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that a chick embryonic epiphyseal cartilage is suitable as a graft source for articular cartilage transplantation. The embryonic epiphyses provide immediate inherent stability to the graft and supply a good mix of mesenchymal progenitor cells responsible for the high rate of cell proliferation and adhesion to the differentiated committed chondrocytes of the host that create the typical favorable chondrogenic milieu. Based on the present findings, it is postulated that human embryonic epiphyses may, in the future, represent an alternative source to the commonly used techniques of hyaline cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Cohen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, The Golda Campus, Petah-Tikva, Israel
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Frenkel SR, Kubiak EN, Truncale KG. The Repair Response to Osteochondral Implant Types in a Rabbit Model. Cell Tissue Bank 2006; 7:29-37. [PMID: 16511662 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-005-0068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2004] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for damaged articular cartilage (i.e., shaving the articular surface, perforation or abrasion of the subchondral bone, and resurfacing with periosteal and perichondrial resurfacing) often produce fibrocartilage, or hyaline-appearing repair that is not sustained over time (Henche 1967, Ligament and Articular Cartilage Injuries. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, pp. 157-164; Insall 1974, Clin. Orthop. 101: 61-67; Mitchell and Shepard 1976, J. Bone Joint Surg. [Am.] 58: 230-233; O'Driscoll et al. 1986, J. Bone Joint Surg. [Am.] 68: 1017-1035; 1989, Trans. Orthop. Res. Soc. 14: 145; Kim et al. 1991, J. Bone Joint Surg. [Am.] 73: 1301-1315). Autologous chondrocyte transplantation, although promising, requires two surgeries, has site-dependent and patient age limitations, and has unknown long-term donor site morbidity (Brittberg et al. 1994, N Engl. J. Med. 331: 889-895; Minas 2003, Orthopedics 26: 945-947; Peterson et al. 2003, J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 85-A(Suppl. 2): S17-S24). Osteochondral allografts remain a widely used method of articular resurfacing to delay arthritic progression. The present study compared the histological response to four types of osteochondral implants in a rabbit model: autograft, frozen, freeze-dried, and fresh implants. Specimens implanted in the femoral groove were harvested at 6 and 12 weeks. Results showed similar restoration of the joint surface regardless of implant type, with a trend toward better repair at the later timepoint. As has been observed in other studies (Frenkel et al. 1997, J. Bone Joint Surg. 79B: 281-286; Toolan et al. 1998, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 41: 244-250), each group in this study had at least one specimen in which a healthy-appearing surface on the implant was not well-integrated with host tissues. Although the differences were not statistically significant, freeze-dried implants at both timepoints had the best histological scores. The osteochondral grafts tested successfully restored the gross joint surface and congruity. At 12 weeks, no significant differences were observed between the various allografts and autologous osteochondral grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally R Frenkel
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 E. 17 St., New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Gerber BE, Robinson D, Nevo Z, Brosh T, Ash H, Yayon A, Aviezer D. Mechanical resistance of biological repair cartilage: comparative in vivo tests of different surgical repair procedures. Int J Artif Organs 2002; 25:1109-15. [PMID: 12487400 DOI: 10.1177/039139880202501111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The former common knowledge that cartilage lesions do not heal has been modified over the last few years due to new technologies. For repair of deeper circumscribed lesions osteochondral press-fit grafting and tissue engineering are used in clinical application. The histological data of the hyaline-like tissue obtained by engineering are just as satisfactory as the surviving grafted hyaline cartilage on top of osteochondral cylinders. But comparative studies are still lacking. To fill the gap and with a view to repairing larger osteoarthritic defects we have performed an in vivo study on 16 goats. Three months after the creation of a full thickness wide cartilage defect on the femoral condyle with harvesting of cartilage samples for tissue cultures we performed secondary cartilage repair procedures on the installed osteoarthritis areas: 1) grafting with autogenic osteochondral press-fit cylinders from the opposite knee, 2) autologous engineered chondrocyte grafting under periosteal flaps, 3) both in combination. The harvesting defects were either left as controls or filled with a hyaluronate fleece. After eight months the repaired areas and the harvesting defects were examined for cartilage stiffness as a novel comparative parameter. Compared to normal the cartilage on top of osteochondral grafts is considerably stiffer. Engineered cartilage is weaker than normal. Spontaneously ingrown fibrous cartilage is much weaker even with a carrier fleece. A combination of osteochondral press-fit grafts with engineered autologous cells restores biomechanical qualities to repaired larger degenerative cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Gerber
- Orthopaedic Department, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in recent years in the stromal cell system functioning in the support of hematopoiesis. The stromal cell system has been proposed to consist of marrow mesenchymal stem cells that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into various connective tissue lineages. Recent efforts demonstrated that the multiple mesenchymal lineages can be clonally derived from a single mesenchymal stem cell, supporting the proposed paradigm. Dexter demonstrated in 1982 that an adherent stromal-like culture was able to support maintenance of hematopoietic stem as well as early B lymphopoeisis. Recent data from in vitro models demonstrating the essential role of stromal support in hematopoiesis shaped the view that cell-cell interactions in the marrow microenvironment are critical for normal hematopoietic function and differentiation. Maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell population has been used to increase the efficiency of hematopoietic stem cell gene transfer. High-dose chemotherapy and frequently cause stromal damage with resulting hematopoietic defects. Data from preclinical transplantation studies suggested that stromal cell infusions not only prevent the occurrence of graft failure, but they have an immunomodulatory effect. Preclinical and early clinical safety studies are paving the way for further applications of mesenchymal stem cells in the field of transplantation with respect to hematopoietic support, immunoregulation, and graft facilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Deans
- Osiris Therapeutics, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Moskalewski S, Osiecka-Iwan A, Hyc A, Jozwiak J. Mechanical barrier as a protection against rejection of allogeneic cartilage formed in joint surface defects in rats. Cell Transplant 2000; 9:349-57. [PMID: 10972334 DOI: 10.1177/096368970000900306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage formed in transplants of allogeneic chondrocytes into joint cartilage defects in rats was infiltrated by immune cells migrating from the bone marrow while the surface on the side of the joint cavity remained free of infiltrations. This suggested that immunization occurred via bone marrow and not via joint cavity. Because articular cartilage is nourished exclusively by the synovial fluid, we have attempted to prevent cartilage rejection by protecting transplants from the contact with bone marrow. Defects in articular surface were filled with bone cement and chondrocytes were transplanted into a cavity prepared within the bone cement plug. Cartilage formed within the cement shell remained free of infiltrations and did not evoke systemic immunological response. However, distribution of glycosaminoglycans in the matrix of protected transplants was irregular. Cultures of chondrocytes growing in vitro on cement contained less glycosaminoglycans than the controls. This suggests that some factor(s) released from the cement unfavorably influenced chondrocytes and matrix production in protected transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moskalewski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
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Osiecka-Iwan A, Hyc A, Moskalewski S. Immunosuppression and rejection of cartilage formed by allogeneic chondrocytes in rats. Cell Transplant 1999; 8:627-36. [PMID: 10701492 DOI: 10.1177/096368979900800609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat syngeneic and allogeneic chondrocytes were transplanted intramuscularly or into defects prepared in articular cartilage (intracartilaginous transplants). Recipients of allogeneic transplants received cyclosporin A (CsA), cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, 2-CdA), or both drugs in combination. Transplants were taken for examination after 5 weeks. Cartilage formed intramuscularly by syngeneic chondrocytes was ossified. Allogeneic cartilage was resorbed by infiltrating cells. CsA or 2-CdA partially suppressed, and both these agents in combination strongly suppressed, formation of infiltrations. Both syngeneic and allogeneic chondrocytes formed cartilage in joint surface defects but only allogeneic cartilage was attacked by infiltrating cells. CsA + 2-CdA treatment slightly decreased intensity of infiltrations but did not prevent cartilage resorption. Antichondrocyte response was studied by evaluation of spleen mononuclear cells (SMC) stimulation in mixed splenocyte-chondrocyte cultures and by detection of antichondrocyte cytotoxic antibodies. SMC stimulation index (SI) was calculated separately for syngeneic and allogeneic chondrocytes. Comparison of SMC SI for syngeneic and allogeneic chondrocytes indicated lack of stimulation of SMC from control or syngeneic transplant recipients and significant stimulation of SMC from recipients of allogeneic transplants. SMC from animals treated with CsA + 2-CdA were not stimulated. Additional experiments aiming at an explanation of the lack of stimulation of SMC from intact animals by syngeneic chondrocytes reported in this work and contrary to other findings disclosed that it was caused by the use of collagenase solution containing N alpha-p-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone for chondrocyte isolation. Spontaneous antichondrocyte cytotoxic antibody activity was found in intact rats raised only in sera from recipients of allogeneic intramuscular transplants without immunosuppression. Thus, strong immunosuppressive treatment of rats with allogeneic chondrocyte transplants was more effective in relation to the general immunological response than to the local reaction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cartilage, Articular/immunology
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/surgery
- Chondrocytes/immunology
- Chondrocytes/transplantation
- Cladribine/pharmacology
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Graft Rejection
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/surgery
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Rats, Wistar
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Transplantation, Isogeneic
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Affiliation(s)
- A Osiecka-Iwan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Robinson D, Hasharoni A, Cohen N, Yayon A, Moskowitz RM, Nevo Z. Fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 as a marker for precartilaginous stem cells. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999:S163-75. [PMID: 10546645 DOI: 10.1097/00003086-199910001-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The epiphyseal organ contains two kinds of cartilage, articular and growth plate. Both enlarge during the growth phase of life. However, mitosis is not apparent in these tissues. In the current study, a search to trace the reservoirs of stem cells needed for the growth of these cartilages is done. A disorder in which the stem cells responsible for bone growth are mutated is achondroplasia; the mutation resides in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3. Epiphyses stained with antifibroblast growth factor 3 antibodies reveal clusters of positively stained cells residing in the perichondrial mesenchyme, known as the ring of La Croix. Removal of the ring of La Croix causes a drastic growth arrest in the limbs of rat neonates. Cell cultures derived of the ring of La Croix biopsy specimens show high rates of cell proliferation and cell migration in vitro, in contrast to articular or growth plate derived chondrocytes. These cells stain intensely by antifibroblast growth factor receptor-3 antibodies and antiproliferative cells nuclear antigen, in contrast with articular and epiphyseal chondrocytes. Transfection of cells from the ring La Croix by an adenovirus vector containing the gene encoding for Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ), allows tracing of these cells in tissues. Local injections were performed either to the ring of La Croix or to the joint cavity in a guinea pig model. A characteristic distribution was seen after injection. The transfected cells migrated to areas of bone and cartilage formation in the subchondral bone plate and on either side of the growth plate. This labeling and distribution is maintained for as many as 3 months after injection. The cells from the ring of La Croix appear to be responsible for bone growth. Furthermore, perichondrial cells and other precartilaginous cells expressing fibroblast growth factor-3 have been shown to be good cells for implantation to correct defects of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Robinson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel
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