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Rain M, Puri GD, Bhalla A, Avti P, Subramaniam B, Kaushal V, Srivastava V, Mahajan P, Singh M, Pandey N, Malhotra P, Goel S, Kumar K, Sachdeva N, Maity K, Verma P, Dixit N, Gupta SJ, Mehra P, Nadholta P, Khosla R, Ahuja S, Anand A. Effect of breathing intervention in patients with COVID and healthcare workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:945988. [PMID: 36249235 PMCID: PMC9561424 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.945988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regulated breathing facilitates ventilation and reduces breathlessness. However, the effect of Yogic breathing on patients with COVID remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two breathing protocols, i.e., short breathing technique (SBT) and long duration breathing technique (LBDT). Methods Three groups including COVID-positive patients, COVID-recovered patients, and healthcare workers (HCWs) were included in the study and segregated into Yoga and control groups. SBT was administered to COVID-positive patients. Both SBT and LBDT were administered to COVID-recovered patients and HCWs. A total of 18 biochemical parameters, a 6-min walk test (6MWT), and a 1-min sit-stand test (1MSST) were assessed on 0th, 7th, and 15th days, where biochemical parameters were the primary outcome. Pre-post estimation of neuropsychological parameters (nine questionnaires) and heart rate variability (HRV) were carried out. The paired t-test or Wilcoxon rank test was applied for pre-post comparison and the Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparison. Repeated measures test was applied for data recorded at three time points. Results A significant elevation in white blood cell (WBC) count was observed in COVID-positive intervention (p < 0.001) and control groups (p = 0.003), indicating no role of intervention on change in WBC number. WBC count (p = 0.002) and D-dimer (p = 0.002) significantly decreased in the COVID-recovered intervention group. D-dimer was also reduced in HCWs practicing Yogic breathing as compared to controls (p = 0.01). D-dimer was the primary outcome, which remained below 0.50 μg/ml (a cutoff value to define severity) in the COVID-positive yoga group (CYG) and decreased in the COVID-recovered yoga group (RYG) and the HCW yoga group (HYG) after intervention. A 6-min walk test (6MWT) showed an increase in distance covered among the COVID-positive patients (p = 0.01) and HCWs (p = 0.002) after intervention. The high-frequency power (p = 0.01) was found to be reduced in the COVID-positive intervention group. No significant change in neuropsychological parameters was observed. Conclusion Yogic breathing lowered D-dimer, which is helpful in reducing thrombosis and venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 besides lowering the chances of vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia in vaccinated individuals. The breathing intervention improved exercise capacity in mild to moderate cases of COVID-19. Further studies can show if such breathing techniques can influence immunity-related genes, as reported recently in a study. We suggest that Yogic breathing may be considered an integrative approach for the management of patients with COVID. Trial registration http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php, identifier: CTRI/2020/10/028195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Rain
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Goverdhan Dutt Puri
- Department of Anesthesia, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aashish Bhalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Pramod Avti
| | | | - Vipin Kaushal
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Srivastava
- College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS, United States
| | - Pranay Mahajan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mini Singh
- Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navin Pandey
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sonu Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate 30 Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kalyan Maity
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Prashant Verma
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Interdisciplinary Centre for Swami Vivekananda Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nishant Dixit
- Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sheetal Jindal Gupta
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Priya Mehra
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pooja Nadholta
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radhika Khosla
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Akshay Anand
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Centre of Phenomenology and Cognitive Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,CCRYN-Collaborative Center for Mind Body Intervention Through Yoga, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,*Correspondence: Akshay Anand
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Ghazvineh D, Daneshvar M, Basirat V, Daneshzad E. The Effect of Yoga on the Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:942702. [PMID: 35911119 PMCID: PMC9329825 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.942702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Yoga is a mind-body stress-relieving exercise that increases mental and physical health, which may have a role in the improvement of metabolic disorders. The present study has reviewed the effect of yoga on lipid profiles as a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We evaluated the available randomized controlled trials on the effects of yoga-based programs, and lipid profiles by searching PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane central register of control trials up to January 2022. Both fixed and random effect analyses were used to find the relationships. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the continent, duration of the included studies, gender, and health condition of participants to discover the sources of heterogeneity. Result Fifty-three studies were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis with a total sample size of 13,191. There was a striking association between yoga and total cholesterol (−10.31 mg/dl; 95% CI: −14.16, −6.45; I2 = 82.5%, P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−8.64 mg/dl; 95% CI: −12.03, −5.25; I2 = 75.0%, P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.98 mg/dl; 95% CI: 0.81, 3.14; I2 = 91.6%, P < 0.001), triglycerides (−13.50 mg/dl; 95% CI: −20.09, −6.92; I2 = 90.7%, P < 0.001) and very low-density lipoprotein (−3.94 mg/dl; 95%CI: −6.31, −1.56; I2 = 72.2%, P < 0.001). Conclusion It seems yoga interventions had a substantial effect on lipid profiles, however, more qualified trials or cohort studies are needed to conclude exactly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Ghazvineh
- Department of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Daneshvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Basirat
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Elnaz Daneshzad,
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Chen S, Deng S, Liu Y, Yin T. Effects of Yoga on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile of Type 2 Diabetes Patients Without Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:900815. [PMID: 35813055 PMCID: PMC9259958 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.900815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a worldwide public health problem. Although it has been empirically established that physical activity is a promising therapeutical approach to the prevention and management of T2DM, the effectiveness of yoga on T2DM has not yet reached an agreement across studies and also needs an updated synthetic examination. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of yoga training on diabetes-related indicators compared with usual care. Methods The review protocol of this study has been registered in the PROSPERO with a registration number CRD42021267868. A systematic literature search through electronic databases was conducted to identify yoga-based intervention (i.e., randomized controlled trial [RCT]; e.g., yogic postures, movements, breathing, and meditation) studies reporting outcomes on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and body mass index (BMI). A number of two researchers manually reviewed and assessed each article using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. The literature search identified 296 eligible entries, of which 13 were finalized after screening using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The extracted data (group mean and standard deviation at posttest) were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses. Finally, potential moderators were explored using subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. Results The standardized mean difference for the effects of yoga was significant on HbA1c (MD = −0.47; 95%CI: −0.77, −0.16; Z = 3.02, p = 0.003), FBG (SMD = −0.92; 95%CI: −1.55, −0.29; Z = 2.87, p = 0.004), PPBG (SMD = −0.53; 95%CI: −0.86, −0.21; Z = 3.20, p = 0.001), and TG (SMD = −0.32; 95%CI: −0.54, −0.10; Z = 2.86, p = 0.004). However, yoga effect was not observed on TC (SMD = −0.84; 95%CI: −1.71, 0.04; Z = 1.87, p = 0.06) and BMI (MD = −0.63; 95%CI: −1.42, 0.16; Z = 1.57, p = 0.12). Conclusion The findings suggest that yoga can improve the biochemical indices of blood glucose and the lipid profile of patients with T2DM. Therefore, yoga can be prescribed as an effective and active complementary treatment for T2DM. However, this study only tested yoga as a short-term treatment. In the future, rigorous RCTs with a larger sample size may be carried out to examine the long-term effect of yoga on T2DM. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=267868, identifier: CRD42021267868.
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