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Aguirre P, Michelini Y, Bravo AJ, Pautassi RM, Pilatti A. Association between personality traits and symptoms of depression and anxiety via emotional regulation and distress tolerance. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306146. [PMID: 39024203 PMCID: PMC11257275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The Big Five personality traits have shown associations with symptoms of depression and anxiety among college students, but it is unclear which factors mediate these relationships. Past research suggests that psychological distress is closely related to difficulties in affect regulation (e.g., low distress tolerance). Therefore, the present study examined the associations between personality traits and depression and anxiety via emotion regulation and distress tolerance. Participants were 694 (81.4% females; Mean age = 23.12 [SD 2.75]) Argentinian college students who completed an online survey examining mental health and personality variables. A sizeable percentage of students endorsed moderate to severe symptoms of depression (45.1%) or anxiety (25.9%). Utilizing path analyses, we found that appraisal, a dimension of distress tolerance, atemporally mediated the association between emotional stability and symptoms of depression/anxiety (i.e., higher levels of emotional stability → higher appraisal distress tolerance → fewer symptoms of depression/anxiety). Further, expressive suppression (a dimension of emotion regulation) significantly mediated the associations between personality traits (i.e., agreeableness and extraversion) and symptoms of depression (higher levels of agreeableness/extraversion → lower use of expressive suppression → fewer symptoms of depression). Taken together, the results suggest that higher levels of emotional stability, extraversion and agreeableness could protect students from the development of symptoms of depression/anxiety via lower maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and higher distress tolerance (particularly appraisal). These findings highlight the relevance of intervention strategies specifically tailored to improve distress tolerance and emotion regulation for those students undergoing mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aguirre
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina Michelini
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrian J. Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Teasdale SB, Dixon C, Ball JS, Bradbury NA, Gaskin CIT, Curtis J, Mohan A. Evaluation of a community-based brief intervention service for youth in crisis with suicidal ideation or self-harm. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38641965 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the implementation of a mixed virtual and in-person brief intervention for young people, aged 12-25 years, presenting to a large urban mental health service in crisis with suicidal ideation and/or self-harm. METHODS A pragmatic, real-world evaluation was conducted on the Youth Brief Intervention Service between June 2021 (inception) and October 2022. Service users were offered four sessions over an approximate one-month period. Sessions focused on distress tolerance, safety plans and support systems. Implementation outcomes related to service uptake, retention, fidelity of the model and service user experience. Effectiveness outcomes were measured pre-post and included mental health-related hospital service utilization (primary outcome), functioning, mental health status, self-harm, suicidal ideation and quality of life. RESULTS Of the 136 young people referred to the Youth Brief Intervention Service, 99 were accepted with 17 disengaging before the first session. Eighty percent of people who commenced, completed the package of care. Young persons' and parent/carers experience of service was high (97% and 88%, respectively). Mental health-related emergency department presentations and inpatient days decreased from 3 months pre-intake to 3 months post-intake (42 vs. 7 presentations, X2 = 25.3, p < .001; 11 vs. 0 inpatient days, X2 = 9.1, p = .01). There were significant improvements in mental health status, days engaging in self-harm, general health and functioning and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The Youth Brief Intervention Service is feasible, acceptable, subjectively beneficial and coincided with less mental health-related emergency department presentations and inpatient days, and improved mental health status and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Teasdale
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Caitlin Dixon
- Mental Health Service, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Caringbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeffrey S Ball
- Mental Health Service, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Caringbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie A Bradbury
- Mental Health Service, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Caringbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire I T Gaskin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Mental Health Service, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Caringbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jackie Curtis
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Mental Health Service, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Caringbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adith Mohan
- Mental Health Service, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Caringbah, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Healthy Brain Aging, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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Akbari M, Seydavi M, Firoozabadi MA, Babaeifard M. Distress tolerance and lifetime frequency of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 2024; 31:e2957. [PMID: 38343352 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
NSSI has recently been recognized as a significant health issue given its documented association with psychopathology and across a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders. It has been found that individuals experiencing heightened emotions, which is referred to as an emotional cascade, are more likely to engage in self-injury behaviour due to low levels of distress tolerance (DT). The current meta-analysis using PRISMA guidelines sought to quantify the strength of the association between DT and lifetime frequency of NSSI using 22 eligible studies (N = 14,588; F = 60.7%; age = 23.35 ± 7.30), mainly from the United States. The correlation between emotional DT and NSSI was a small negative correlation (r = -.14), and it was non-significant for behavioural DT and NSSI (r = .02). Also, the effect-size was significant for studies that used interview-based measure of NSSI (r = -.24), and it was non-significant when self-report measures of NSSI (r = -.11) utilized. The association between DT and NSSI was significant and negative across the general population (r = -.47), university students (r = -.17), and inpatients (r = -.27); surprisingly, it was significant and positive among adolescents or high school students (r = .17). The observed effect-sizes were independent of publication year, mean age and its standard deviation, study quality, female proportion, DT, NSSI measures reliability, and clinical status. Future studies on NSSI should consider DT as a spectrum from distress intolerance to distress over-tolerance, given that it seems it has different functions when different samples (e.g., adolescents) are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Akbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Seydavi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbarian Firoozabadi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Babaeifard
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Mulligan LD, Neil ST, Carter LA, DeBank G, Johnstone M, Fox K, Veakins D. Clinical Effects of the 'Crisis Toolbox' (CTB): A Brief, Skills Based, Intervention Delivered in a Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:1172-1180. [PMID: 36967412 PMCID: PMC10040229 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Access to psychological interventions for people under Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Teams (CRHTTs) is limited. The Crisis Toolbox (CTB) is a skills-based intervention designed to increase access using flexible methods of delivery. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of the CTB. A retrospective service evaluation of 399 participants who accessed the CTB between November 2020 and February 2021 was employed. Sessional measures comprising the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalised Anxiety Scale (GAD-7) were recorded across three time points. Overall, there were significantly decreasing trends in PHQ-9 (β = - 1.6, p < 0.001) and GAD-7 scores (β = - 1.5, p < 0.001) in participants who accessed the CTB. The magnitude and direction of specific trends differed according to age, diagnosis, and neurodiversity. The CTB could help reduce depression and anxiety in people experiencing crisis. Randomised controlled trials are now required to test its acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee D Mulligan
- Division of Biology, Medicine & Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Sandra T Neil
- Atherleigh Park Hospital, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Atherleigh Way, WN7 1YN, Leigh, UK
| | - Lesley-Anne Carter
- Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Georgia DeBank
- Atherleigh Park Hospital, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Atherleigh Way, WN7 1YN, Leigh, UK
| | - Megan Johnstone
- Atherleigh Park Hospital, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Atherleigh Way, WN7 1YN, Leigh, UK
| | - Katie Fox
- Atherleigh Park Hospital, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Atherleigh Way, WN7 1YN, Leigh, UK
| | - Dominic Veakins
- Atherleigh Park Hospital, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Atherleigh Way, WN7 1YN, Leigh, UK
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Zhong J, Huang XJ, Wang XM, Xu MZ. The mediating effect of distress tolerance on the relationship between stressful life events and suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:118. [PMID: 36814223 PMCID: PMC9945729 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite widespread acknowledgment of the impact of stressful life events on suicide risk, the understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between stressful life events and suicide risk in major depressive disorder (MDD) remain unclear. This study aim to examine whether the distress tolerance mediates the relationship between the stressful life events and suicide risk in patients with MDD. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out among 125 Chinese patients with MDD, mean age was 27.05 (SD=0.68) and 68.8% were females. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HAMD-17), the validated Chinese version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) suicide module, Life Events Scale (LES) and Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) were utilized to evaluate depressive symptoms, stressful life events, levels of distress tolerance, and suicide risk, respectively. Mediation analyses was used to test the mediation effect of distress tolerance on the relationship between stressful life events and suicide risk. RESULTS The ratio of suicide risk in patients with MDD was 75.2%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that stressful life events were positively correlated with suicide risk(r=0.182, p<0.05). Stressful life events(r=-0.323, p<0.01) and suicide risk(r=-0.354, p<0.01) were negatively correlated with distress tolerance. Mediation analyses showed that the direct path from stressful life events to suicide risk was not significant (B= 0.012, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.017, 0.042]). Stressful life events affected suicide risk indirectly through distress tolerance (B= 0.018, 95% CI [0.007, 0.031]), and the mediating effect accounted for 60.0% of the total effect. CONCLUSION Distress tolerance completely played a mediating role between stressful life events and suicide risk. Further suicide prevention and intervention strategies should focus on increasing levels of distress tolerance in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Huang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Wang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhi Xu
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Taylor T, Stockton S, Bowen M. Crisis resolution home treatment team Clinicians' perceptions of using a recovery approach with people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 30:558-567. [PMID: 36579628 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: It is known that people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder often experience crises in their mental wellbeing. There is little evidence about the approaches of mental health nurses in community-based crisis teams when working with people with a diagnosis of BPD. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO THE EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This paper highlights that limited resources, work-patterns and issues of stigma present challenges to delivering recovery-oriented care. The paper highlights that nurses typically try to navigate the challenges to continue to provide individualized care, though their self-assessment is that this is with mixed success. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: The findings suggest that support is needed to develop brief interventions specific to teams working with people with a diagnosis of BPD who are at a point of crisis. ABSTRACT: Introduction People with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) are often in contact with mental health services at a point of crisis, and in the UK, this includes Crisis Resolution Home Treatment teams (CRHTT). There is a drive for services to be recovery orientated; however, there is little evidence about the degree to which community services achieve this for people with a diagnosis of BPD when in crisis. Research Aim To understand the perceptions held by CRHTT clinicians about their provision of recovery-orientated acute care, for people with a diagnosis of BPD. Method From a purposive sample of a single CRHTT, seven registered mental health nurses were interviewed and Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis framework was used to interpret the data. Results Five themes emerged: person-centred care; the timing is wrong; inconsistent staffing; the risks are too great; and BPD as a label. Discussion The results demonstrate tensions between a drive to deliver person-centred care and a range of challenges that inhibit this, with the possibility of reframing a recovery approach as "recovery-ready". Implications for Practice A whole-system approach is required to enable a consistent recovery-oriented approach, but research is also needed for brief interventions specific to this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Taylor
- Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, UK
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Kozak S, Dezachyo O, Stanford W, Bar-Haim Y, Censor N, Dayan E. Elevated integration within the reward network underlies vulnerability to distress. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5797-5807. [PMID: 36453462 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Distress tolerance (DT), the capability to persist under negative circumstances, underlies a range of psychopathologies. It has been proposed that DT may originate from the activity and connectivity in diverse neural networks integrated by the reward system. To test this hypothesis, we examined the link between DT and integration and segregation in the reward network as derived from resting-state functional connectivity data. DT was measured in 147 participants from a large community sample using the Behavioral Indicator of Resiliency to Distress task. Prior to DT evaluation, participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. For each participant, we constructed a whole-brain functional connectivity network and calculated the degree of reward network integration and segregation based on the extent to which reward network nodes showed functional connections within and outside their network. We found that distress-intolerant participants demonstrated heightened reward network integration relative to the distress-tolerant participants. In addition, these differences in integration were higher relative to the rest of the brain and, more specifically, the somatomotor network, which has been implicated in impulsive behavior. These findings support the notion that increased integration in large-scale brain networks may constitute a risk for distress intolerance and its psychopathological correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stas Kozak
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - Or Dezachyo
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - William Stanford
- Biological & Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599 , United States
| | - Yair Bar-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - Nitzan Censor
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - Eran Dayan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599 , United States
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Edwards-Bailey L, Cartwright T, Smyth N, Mackenzie JM. A qualitative exploration of student self-harm and experiences of support-seeking within a UK university setting. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2022.2146054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Edwards-Bailey
- School of Social Sciences - Unit of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Tina Cartwright
- School of Social Sciences - Unit of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Nina Smyth
- School of Social Sciences - Unit of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Jay-Marie Mackenzie
- School of Social Sciences - Unit of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
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Acceptability of the 'Crisis Toolbox': a skills-based intervention delivered in a Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team during COVID-19. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:1487-1494. [PMID: 35366118 PMCID: PMC8976273 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-00963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Teams (CRHTTs) provide 24-hour, seven day per week support for people in crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic has placed significant demand on urgent care and increased the need for brief interventions in CRHTT settings with flexible methods of delivery. This evaluation aimed to examine client satisfaction with the 'Crisis Toolbox' (CTB), a brief, skills-based intervention delivered in one CRHTT during COVID-19. All participants who received the CTB completed a satisfaction questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were calculated to quantify acceptability and qualitative themes were generated using thematic analysis. Fifty-eight people participated, all of whom reported high levels of satisfaction with the CTB. Four qualitative themes also emerged relating to 'Active ingredients of the CTB', 'The therapeutic relationship', 'Service-user preferences' and 'Expectations and continuity of care'. The CTB appears to be a valued intervention. Further research is now needed to assess its clinical impact and effect on operational indicators.
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Brief psychological intervention for distress tolerance in an adult secondary care community mental health service: an evaluation. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x20000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Distress intolerance has been suggested to be a maintaining factor in several mental health conditions. Distress tolerance skills training has been found to be beneficial in emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Short-term targeted interventions are increasingly being implemented in response to demand. This study investigates the efficacy of a distress tolerance brief psychological intervention (DT BPI) delivered by non-psychologists within an adult secondary care mental health service. Questionnaire data (pre and post) are reported from 43 participants who completed the intervention. Results suggest that the intervention was associated with significant improvements in distress tolerance, mood, anxiety and wellbeing. This indicates that a DT BPI can be effective when delivered by non-psychologists to real-world adult secondary care clients. The findings offer promising evidence that DT BPI could be a beneficial, cost-effective intervention and warrants further large-scale investigation.
Key learning aims
(1)
To enhance practitioners’ awareness of distress intolerance as a potential maintaining factor and therefore treatment target.
(2)
To outline a transdiagnostic distress tolerance brief psychological intervention.
(3)
To illustrate the potential of this distress tolerance brief psychological intervention to produce positive reliable change with real-world clients when delivered by non-psychologists.
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Basch CH, Hillyer GC, Erwin ZM, Mohlman J, Cosgrove A, Quinones N. News coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic: Missed opportunities to promote health sustaining behaviors. Infect Dis Health 2020; 25:205-209. [PMID: 32426559 PMCID: PMC7229940 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Given that individuals may make health decisions based on mass media coverage, and given that such decisions have broad consequences in the case of highly contagious infectious disease, it is imperative that public health practitioners are aware of mass media coverage on emerging health threats such as COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to examine the content of news segments covering COVID-19 posted on-line. Methods Using the Google Videos function on a cleared browser, all videos identified from January and February, 2020 were archived by URL for analysis. After applying exclusion criteria, a total of 401 remained, comprising the sample. Content categories derived from trusted sources were applied to assess the content of broadcast news segments pertaining to COVID-19 on Google Videos. Results The most common topic mentioned across all videos was death and the death rate (43.6%) and many connoted anxieties surrounding the COVID-19 outbreak (37.4%). Critically important information about the prevention of COVID-19 spread received little attention. For example, only 3.0% of videos discussed coughing into or blowing one's nose into a tissue and throwing the tissue away, 6.2% talked about wearing a facemask when caring for the ill, and 8.8% covered disinfecting highly touched objects and surfaces. International videos more often presented captions and English subtitles (with and without narration) (7.8% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.018) and even more frequently discussed death and the death rate associated with COVID-19 (56.9% vs. 41.7%, p = 0.04). Conclusion Coupled with the resultant increase in negative emotion, the majority of videos missed an opportunity to reframe messages to encourage and promote coping strategies and health sustaining behaviors. Future videos should avoid contributing to negative emotion. Prevention information on reducing transmission was rarely covered in the news videos included in this sample. Death and death rate were the most commonly mentioned aspect of COVID-19 in these news videos. Forthcoming news clips should strive to demonstrate ways to enhance safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey H Basch
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA.
| | - Grace Clarke Hillyer
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University NY, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zoe Meleo- Erwin
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA
| | - Jan Mohlman
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA
| | - Alison Cosgrove
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA
| | - Nasia Quinones
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA
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