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Oliveira HGDS, Sousa AIDJ, Zanon IP, Lopes CTDA, Silva ROS, Domingues SFS, Salvarani FM. Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens in Wild Mammals in the Amazon Biome. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1333. [PMID: 38731335 PMCID: PMC11083269 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Clostridium perfringens in stool samples and swabs collected from wild mammals in the Amazon biome. Sixty-five faecal and swab samples were collected in situ and ex situ from 16 species and three genera of wild mammals, some of which were in good health and some of which had diarrhoea. After pre-enrichment, the samples were plated on selective agar for C. perfringens. Characteristic colonies were subjected to multiplex PCR for the detection of genes encoding the main C. perfringens toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota toxin and enterotoxin). Among the 65 samples, 40 (61.5%) were positive for the gene encoding the alpha toxin and were classified as type A, 36 of which were asymptomatic animals and four were diarrheal. No other toxinotypes were found. The findings of this study suggest that C. perfringens type A is commonly found in mammal species of the Amazon biome. This seems to be the first study to identify C. perfringens type A in species such as B. variegatus (common ground sloth), C. didactylus (two-toed sloth), P. flavus (Jupará), T. tetradactyla (anteater), S. collinsi (squirrel monkey), S. niger (black marmoset), and S. apella (Guyana capuchin) and in the genus Didelphis sp. (opossum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Gabriela da Silva Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (H.G.d.S.O.); (A.I.d.J.S.); (C.T.d.A.L.); (S.F.S.D.)
| | - Ananda Iara de Jesus Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (H.G.d.S.O.); (A.I.d.J.S.); (C.T.d.A.L.); (S.F.S.D.)
| | - Isabela Paduá Zanon
- Laboratório de Bacterioses e Pesquisa da Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (I.P.Z.); (R.O.S.S.)
| | - Cinthia Távora de Albuquerque Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (H.G.d.S.O.); (A.I.d.J.S.); (C.T.d.A.L.); (S.F.S.D.)
| | - Rodrigo Otavio Silveira Silva
- Laboratório de Bacterioses e Pesquisa da Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (I.P.Z.); (R.O.S.S.)
| | - Sheyla Farhayldes Souza Domingues
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (H.G.d.S.O.); (A.I.d.J.S.); (C.T.d.A.L.); (S.F.S.D.)
| | - Felipe Masiero Salvarani
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (H.G.d.S.O.); (A.I.d.J.S.); (C.T.d.A.L.); (S.F.S.D.)
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2
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Arenales A, Gardiner CH, Miranda FR, Dutra KS, Oliveira AR, Mol JP, Texeira da Costa ME, Tinoco HP, Coelho CM, Silva RO, Pinto HA, Hoppe EG, Werther K, Santos RL. Pathology of Free-Ranging and Captive Brazilian Anteaters. J Comp Pathol 2020; 180:55-68. [PMID: 33222875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is little information on the anatomical pathology of Brazilian anteaters. Considering the relevance of knowledge of diseases of these species for their conservation, the aim of this study was to describe pathological changes in 99 captive and free-ranging anteaters from the Brazilian states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Mato Grosso do Sul and Amazonas. Forty-two animals were killed on roads and 10 died from burns injuries. Other significant conditions included the metabolic diseases of iron storage disease, tissue mineralization and taurine deficiency, protozoan and metazoan infections, candidiasis, sporotrichosis, clostridiosis and proliferative disorders including squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Arenales
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Chris H Gardiner
- Veterinary Pathology Service Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kateanne S Dutra
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ayisa R Oliveira
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ps Mol
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria El Texeira da Costa
- Fundação de Parques Municipais e Zoobotânica de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Herlandes P Tinoco
- Fundação de Parques Municipais e Zoobotânica de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlyle M Coelho
- Fundação de Parques Municipais e Zoobotânica de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Os Silva
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hudson A Pinto
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Estevam Gl Hoppe
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
| | - Karin Werther
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Lima Santos
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Spielman LJ, Gibson DL, Klegeris A. Unhealthy gut, unhealthy brain: The role of the intestinal microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:149-163. [PMID: 30114473 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The number of bacterial cells living within the human body is approximately equal to, or greater than, the total number of human cells. This dynamic population of microorganisms, termed the human microbiota, resides mainly within the gastrointestinal tract. It is widely accepted that highly diverse and stable microbiota promote overall human health. Colonization of the gut with maladaptive and pathogenic microbiota, a state also known as dysbiosis, is associated with a variety of peripheral diseases ranging from type 2 diabetes mellitus to cardiovascular and inflammatory bowel disease. More recently, microbial dysbiosis has been associated with a number of brain pathologies, including autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting a direct or indirect communication between intestinal bacteria and the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we illustrate two pathways implicated in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and CNS involving 1) the vagus nerve and 2) transmission of signaling molecules through the circulatory system and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We summarize the available evidence of the specific changes in the intestinal microbiota, as well as microorganism-induced modifications to intestinal and BBB permeability, which have been linked to several neurodegenerative disorders including ALS, AD, and PD. Even though each of these diseases arises from unique pathogenetic mechanisms, all are characterized, at least in part, by chronic neuroinflammation. We provide an interpretation for the substantial evidence that healthy intestinal microbiota have the ability to positively regulate the neuroimmune responses in the CNS. Even though the evidence is mainly associative, it has been suggested that bacterial dysbiosis could contribute to an adverse neuroinflammatory state leading to increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, developing strategies for regulating and maintaining healthy intestinal microbiota could be a valid approach for lowering individual risk and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deanna Lynn Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
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Hong J. Development and application of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of enterotoxigenicClostridium perfringensin food. J Food Saf 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joonbae Hong
- Food & Microbiology Team, Test & Research Department; Consumer Safety Center, Korea Consumer Agency; Chungcheongbukdo 27738 South Korea
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5
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Prevalence and molecular typing of Clostridium perfringens in captive wildlife in India. Anaerobe 2017; 44:55-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Álvarez-Pérez S, Blanco JL, Peláez T, Martínez-Nevado E, García ME. Water Sources in a Zoological Park Harbor Genetically Diverse Strains of Clostridium Perfringens Type A with Decreased Susceptibility to Metronidazole. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:783-790. [PMID: 27115499 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Clostridium perfringens in water is generally regarded as an indicator of fecal contamination, and exposure to waterborne spores is considered a possible source of infection for animals. We assessed the presence and genetic diversity of C. perfringens in water sources in a zoological park located in Madrid (Spain). A total of 48 water samples from 24 different sources were analyzed, and recovered isolates were toxinotyped, genotyped by fluorophore-enhanced repetitive polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) fingerprinting and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. C. perfringens was recovered from 43.8 % of water samples and 50 % of water sources analyzed. All isolates (n = 70) were type A and 42.9 % were β2-toxigenic (i.e., cpb2+), but none contained the enterotoxin-encoding gene (cpe). Isolates belonged to 15 rep-PCR genotypes and most genetic diversity (88 %) was distributed among isolates obtained from the same sample. Most isolates displayed intermediate susceptibility (57.1 %; MIC = 16 μg ml-1) or resistance (5.7 %; MIC ≥ 32 μg ml-1) to metronidazole. No resistance to other antimicrobials was detected, although some isolates showed elevated MICs to erythromycin and/or linezolid. Finally, a marginally significant association between absence of cpb2 and decreased susceptibility to metronidazole (MIC ≥ 16 μg ml-1) was detected. In conclusion, our results reveal a high prevalence of C. perfringens type A in the studied water reservoirs, which constitutes a health risk for zoo animals. The elevated MICs to metronidazole observed for genetically diverse isolates is a cause of additional concern, but more work is required to clarify the significance of reduced metronidazole susceptibility in environmental strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Blanco
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa Peláez
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta E García
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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ISOLATION AND GENOTYPING OFCLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENSFROM FREE-LIVING SOUTH AMERICAN COATI (NASUA NASUA). J Zoo Wildl Med 2016; 47:333-6. [DOI: 10.1638/2014-0189.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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8
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França M, Barrios MA, Stabler L, Zavala G, Shivaprasad HL, Lee MD, Villegas AM, Uzal FA. Association of Beta2-PositiveClostridium perfringensType A With Focal Duodenal Necrosis in Egg-Laying Chickens in the United States. Avian Dis 2016; 60:43-9. [DOI: 10.1637/11263-081915-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Silva ROS, Lobato FCF. Clostridium perfringens: A review of enteric diseases in dogs, cats and wild animals. Anaerobe 2015; 33:14-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Lakshminarayanan B, Harris HMB, Coakley M, O'Sullivan Ó, Stanton C, Pruteanu M, Shanahan F, O'Toole PW, Ross RP, On Behalf Of The Eldermet Consortium. Prevalence and characterization of Clostridium perfringens from the faecal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects. J Med Microbiol 2012; 62:457-466. [PMID: 23222860 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.052258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota of elderly subjects using a combination of culture-dependent techniques and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The study was performed as part of the ELDERMET project, in which 368 faecal samples were assessed for viable numbers of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae on selective agar. However, the Bifidobacterium selective medium used also supported the growth of Clostridium perfringens, which appeared as distinct colonies and were subsequently characterized phenotypically and genotypically. All the isolates were confirmed as toxin biotype A producers. In addition, three isolates tested also had the genetic determinants for the β2 toxin. Of the 368 faecal samples assessed, C. perfringens was detected in 28 samples (7.6%). Moreover, C. perfringens was observed in samples from subjects in all the residence locations assessed but was most prevalent in subjects from long-stay residential care, with 71.4% of the samples (63.2% of the subjects) being from this residence location, and with a shedding level in excess of 10(6) c.f.u. (g faeces)(-1). Microbiota profiling revealed some significant compositional changes across both the family and genus taxonomic levels between the C. perfringens-positive and -negative datasets. Levels of culturable Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the C. perfringens-positive samples. Sequence-based methods also confirmed a significant difference in the Bifidobacterium spp. level (P<0.05) between both datasets. Taken together, these data suggest that a high viable count [>10(6) c.f.u. (g faeces)(-1)] of C. perfringens in stool samples may be indicative of a less healthy microbiota in the intestine of elderly people in long-stay residential care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneswari Lakshminarayanan
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Hugh M B Harris
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mairéad Coakley
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Órla O'Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Mihaela Pruteanu
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
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HEMORRHAGIC ENTEROCOLITIS AND DEATH IN TWO FELINES (PANTHERA TIGRIS ALTAICAANDPANTHERA LEO) ASSOCIATED WITHCLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENSTYPE A. J Zoo Wildl Med 2012; 43:394-6. [DOI: 10.1638/2010-0197.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Schwab C, Cristescu B, Northrup JM, Stenhouse GB, Gänzle M. Diet and environment shape fecal bacterial microbiota composition and enteric pathogen load of grizzly bears. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27905. [PMID: 22194798 PMCID: PMC3240615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and environment impact the composition of mammalian intestinal microbiota; dietary or health disturbances trigger alterations in intestinal microbiota composition and render the host susceptible to enteric pathogens. To date no long term monitoring data exist on the fecal microbiota and pathogen load of carnivores either in natural environments or in captivity. This study investigates fecal microbiota composition and the presence of pathogenic Escherichia coli and toxigenic clostridia in wild and captive grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and relates these to food resources consumed by bears. Methodology/Principal Findings Feces were obtained from animals of two wild populations and from two captive animals during an active bear season. Wild animals consumed a diverse diet composed of plant material, animal prey and insects. Captive animals were fed a regular granulated diet with a supplement of fruits and vegetables. Bacterial populations were analyzed using quantitative PCR. Fecal microbiota composition fluctuated in wild and in captive animals. The abundance of Clostridium clusters I and XI, and of C. perfringens correlated to regular diet protein intake. Enteroaggregative E. coli were consistently present in all populations. The C. sordellii phospholipase C was identified in three samples of wild animals and for the first time in Ursids. Conclusion This is the first longitudinal study monitoring the fecal microbiota of wild carnivores and comparing it to that of captive individuals of the same species. Location and diet affected fecal bacterial populations as well as the presence of enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Schwab
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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13
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van Asten AJ, Nikolaou GN, Gröne A. The occurrence of cpb2-toxigenic Clostridium perfringens and the possible role of the β2-toxin in enteric disease of domestic animals, wild animals and humans. Vet J 2010; 183:135-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Lebrun M, Filée P, Galleni M, Mainil JG, Linden A, Taminiau B. Purification of the recombinant beta2 toxin (CPB2) from an enterotoxaemic bovine Clostridium perfringens strain and production of a specific immune serum. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 55:119-31. [PMID: 17562369 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Overgrowth of Clostridium perfringens clones with production of one or more of its toxin(s) results in diverse digestive and systemic pathologies in human and animals, such as cattle enterotoxaemia. The so-called beta2 toxin (CPB2) is the most recently described major toxin produced by C. perfringens. In this study, the cpb2 ORF (cpb2FM) from a cattle C. perfringens-associated enterotoxaemia was cloned and sequenced. The cpb2FM and its deduced nucleotide sequence clearly corresponded to the cpb2 allele considered as "consensus" and not to "atypical" allele, despite its "non-porcine" origin. Expression assays of the recombinant toxin CPB2FM were performed in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis with the expression vector pBLTS72, and by genomic integration by double recombination in B. subtilis. Highest level of production was obtained with the expression vector in B. subtilis 168 strain. The recombinant CPB2FM protein was purified and a specific rabbit polyclonal antiserum was produced. Polyclonal antibodies could detect CPB2 production in supernatants of C. perfringens from enterotoxaemic cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lebrun
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases-Bacteriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
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15
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Ceci L, Paradies P, Sasanelli M, de Caprariis D, Guarda F, Capucchio MT, Carelli G. Haemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome in Dairy Cattle: Possible Role of Clostridium perfringens Type A in the Disease Complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 53:518-23. [PMID: 17105573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A survey based on clinical, pathological and microbiological investigations was performed on 11 Brown Swiss cattle affected with depression, anorexia, agalaxia, ruminal hypomotility, abdominal pain and melaena. In eight animals, macroscopical lesions consisted in haemorrhagic enteritis in the small intestine. Seven of eight isolates from tissue samples were identified as Clostridum perfringens type A, and four were identified as C. perfringens type A with the beta2 toxin gene. Based on these observations, animals were considered affected with haemorrhagic bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ceci
- Department of Animal Health and Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano-Bari, Italy.
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