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Generalised idiopathic polymyositis mimicking masticatory myositis in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ullal TV, Marks SL, Belafsky PC, Conklin JL, Pandolfino JE. A Comparative Assessment of the Diagnosis of Swallowing Impairment and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Canines and Humans. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:889331. [PMID: 35754550 PMCID: PMC9228035 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.889331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Swallowing impairment is a highly prevalent and clinically significant problem affecting people and dogs. There are myriad causes of swallowing impairment of which gastroesophageal reflux is the most common in both species. Similarities in anatomy and physiology between humans and canines results in analogous swallowing disorders including cricopharyngeus muscle achalasia, esophageal achalasia, hiatal herniation, and gastroesophageal reflux with secondary esophagitis and esophageal dysmotility. Accordingly, the diagnostic approach to human and canine patients with swallowing impairment is similar. Diagnostic procedures such as swallowing fluoroscopy, high-resolution manometry, pH/impedance monitoring, and endolumenal functional luminal imaging probe can be performed in both species; however, nasofacial conformation, increased esophageal length, and the difficulty of completing several of these procedures in awake dogs are inherent challenges that need to be considered. Human patients can convey their symptoms and respond to verbal cues, whereas veterinarians must rely on clinical histories narrated by pet owners followed by comprehensive physical examination and observation of the animal eating different food consistencies and drinking water. Dogs may also be unwilling to drink or eat in the hospital setting and may be resistant to physical restraint during diagnostic procedures. Despite the species differences and diagnostic challenges, dogs are a natural animal model for many oropharyngeal and esophageal disorders affecting people, which presents a tremendous opportunity for shared learnings. This manuscript reviews the comparative aspects of esophageal anatomy and physiology between humans and canines, summarizes the diagnostic assessment of swallowing impairment in both species, and discusses future considerations for collaborative medicine and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarini V Ullal
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Stanley L Marks
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Peter C Belafsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Center for Voice and Swallowing, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Conklin
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, UCLA Robert G. Kardashian Center for Esophageal Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John E Pandolfino
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Strøm PC, Marks SL, Rivera JA, Shelton GD. Dysphagia secondary to focal inflammatory myopathy and consequent dorsiflexion of the tongue in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:714-718. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Strøm
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital Davis California 95616 USA
| | - S. L. Marks
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis California 95616 USA
| | - J. A. Rivera
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital Davis California 95616 USA
| | - G. D. Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92307 USA
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Tauro A, Addicott D, Foale RD, Bowman C, Hahn C, Long S, Massey J, Haley AC, Knowler SP, Day MJ, Kennedy LJ, Rusbridge C. Clinical features of idiopathic inflammatory polymyopathy in the Hungarian Vizsla. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:97. [PMID: 25896796 PMCID: PMC4414416 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A retrospective study of the clinicopathological features of presumed and confirmed cases of idiopathic inflammatory polymyopathy in the Hungarian Vizsla dog and guidelines for breeding. RESULTS 369 medical records were reviewed (1992-2013) and 77 Hungarian Vizslas were identified with a case history consistent with idiopathic inflammatory polymyopathy. Inclusion criteria were: group 1 (confirmed diagnosis); histopathology and clinical findings compatible with an inflammatory polymyopathy and group 2 (probable diagnosis); clinical findings compatible with a polymyopathy including dysphagia, sialorrhea, temporal muscle atrophy, elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, and sufficient clinical history to suggest that other neuromuscular disorders could be ruled out. Some group 2 dogs had muscle biopsy, which suggested muscle disease but did not reveal an inflammatory process. The mean age of onset was 2.4 years; male dogs were slightly overrepresented. Common presenting signs were dysphagia, sialorrhea, masticatory muscle atrophy, and regurgitation. Common muscle histopathological findings included degenerative and regenerative changes, with multifocal mononuclear cell infiltration with lymphoplasmacytic myositis of variable severity. A positive response to immunosuppressive treatment supported an immune-mediated aetiology. The mean age at death and survival time were 6.4 and 3.9 years, respectively. Recurrence of clinical signs and aspiration pneumonia were common reasons for euthanasia. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis of Vizsla idiopathic inflammatory polymyopathy can be challenging due to lack of specific tests, however the presence of dysphagia, regurgitation and masticatory muscle atrophy in this breed with negative serological tests for masticatory muscle myositis and myasthenia gravis, along with muscle biopsies suggesting an inflammatory process, support the diagnosis. However, there is an urgent need for a more specific diagnostic test. The average of inbreeding coefficient (CoI) of 16.3% suggests an increased expression of a Dog Leukocyte Antigen Class II haplotype, leading to an increased disease risk. The prognosis remains guarded, as treatment can only manage the disease. Recurrence of clinical signs and perceived poor quality of life are the most common reasons for humane euthanasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tauro
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Halfway Lane, Eashing, Godalming, GU7 2QQ, Surrey, UK.
| | | | - Rob D Foale
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Suffolk, UK.
| | - Chloe Bowman
- Adelaide Veterinary Specialist and Referral Centre (AVSARC), Norwood Adelaide, South Australia.
| | - Caroline Hahn
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK.
| | - Sam Long
- Adelaide Veterinary Specialist and Referral Centre (AVSARC), Norwood Adelaide, South Australia.
| | | | - Allison C Haley
- The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Clare Rusbridge
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Halfway Lane, Eashing, Godalming, GU7 2QQ, Surrey, UK. .,The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
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Ogawa M, Uchida K, Yamato O, Inaba M, Uddin MM, Nakayama H. Neuronal Loss and Decreased GLT-1 Expression Observed in the Spinal Cord of Pembroke Welsh Corgi Dogs With Canine Degenerative Myelopathy. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:591-602. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985813495899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is frequently found in Pembroke Welsh Corgi (PWC) dogs. Canine DM is potentially a spontaneous animal model for human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) because of similar lesions and the involvement of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutation. However, the ventral horn lesion in DM has not been characterized in detail. Glutamate excitotoxicity due to deficiency of the glutamine-glutamate cycle has been implicated in neuron death in ALS. Thus, we examined 5 PWC dogs with an SOD1 mutation that were affected by DM, 5 non-DM PWC dogs, and 5 Beagle dogs without neurologic signs to assess the neuronal changes and the expression levels of 2 glial excitatory amino acid transporters (glutamate transporter 1 [GLT-1] and glutamate/aspartate transporter [GLAST]). The number of neurons in the spinal ventral horns of the DM dogs was significantly decreased, whereas no change was found in the cell size. Chromatolysis, lipofuscin-laden neurons, and marked synapse loss were also observed. GLT-1 expression was strikingly decreased in DM dogs, whereas GLAST expression showed no significant change. The results indicate that excitotoxicity related to the reduced expression of GLT-1, but not GLAST, may be involved in neuron loss in DM, as in human ALS, whereas intraneuronal events may differ between the 2 diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - O. Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - M. Inaba
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - M. M. Uddin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - H. Nakayama
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Pollard RE. Imaging evaluation of dogs and cats with Dysphagia. ISRN VETERINARY SCIENCE 2012; 2012:238505. [PMID: 23762579 PMCID: PMC3671744 DOI: 10.5402/2012/238505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The current literature is reviewed in this paper regarding the application of diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of swallowing disorders of the dog. The applications of radiography, contrast radiography, and contrast videofluoroscopy are discussed with pertinent case examples provided for emphasis. The indications for image-guided interventions are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Pollard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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