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Suyapoh W, Keawchana N, Sornying P, Tangkawattana S, Khirilak P, Jantrakajorn S. Mixed Eimeria and Cryptosporidium infection and its effects on pathology and clinical outcomes in juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in Thailand. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13914. [PMID: 38185743 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an important disease in juvenile fish because of severe intestinal injury during infection. We first reported the mixed infection of intestinal coccidia and its association with health status and pathological findings in juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in Thailand. Two groups of Asian seabass, 60-day fish and 90-day fish, were sampled to investigate prevalence and coccidian infection intensity using morphological characterization and PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene amplified from the intestines revealed Eimeria sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. infection. The prevalence of Eimeria sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. in sampled fish was 100%. Clinical outcomes assessed, using health assessment index (HAI) scoring and semi-quantitative grading of intestinal lesions and inflammation, demonstrated that all fish developed variety of pathology and clinical illness; however, infection intensity in 60-day fish was significantly higher (p < .05) than 90-day fish. The HAI score of 60-day fish was poorer than 90-day fish, which correlated to a high infection intensity (r = .397), analysed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Overproduction of intestinal oxidants contributing to mucosal injury was examined by nitrotyrosine expression. The high production of reactive nitrogen species indicated severe inflammatory response, and intestinal injuries occurred mainly in the 60-day fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapol Suyapoh
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narissara Keawchana
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Peerapon Sornying
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawattana
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pokphon Khirilak
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Unit, Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Mamedova S, Karanis P. Cryptosporidium spp. and Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriorina) of freshwater Cyprinid fish species in the Kura River basin in Azerbaijan territory. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:773-784. [PMID: 38678429 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria spp. oocysts in fish specimens in the river Kura. It was conducted during the 2021-2022 at two sites: Mingachevir reservoir in central Azerbaijan and in Neftchala district where the river finally enters the Caspian Sea through a delta of the Kura River estuary. The diagnosis of oocysts was performed microscopically. Fine smears from the intestine epithelial layers stained by Ziehl-Neelsen for Cryptosporidium oocysts. To identify Eimeria oocysts, each fish's faecal material and intestinal scrapings were examined directly under a light microscope in wet samples on glass slides with a coverslip. Results revealed a prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria species infections in fish hosts from both territories Rutilus caspicus, Alburnus filippi, Abramis brama orientalis and Carassius gibelio. Of 170 investigated fish specimens, 8.8% (15/170) were infected with Cryptosporidium species oocysts. Eimeria species oocysts were identified in 20.6% (35/170). The presence of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria infections in fish specimens are natural infections. However, their presence in fish species may be attributed to the age of the fish species and water pollution. This is the first report regarding the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in fish species in Azerbaijan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simuzer Mamedova
- Institute of Zoology, Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan; Department of Life Sciences, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Panagiotis Karanis
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus E-mail:
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Suyapoh W, Sornying P, Thanomsub C, Kraonual K, Jantana K, Tangkawattana S. Distinctive location of piscine intestinal coccidiosis in Asian seabass fingerlings. Vet World 2022; 15:2164-2171. [PMID: 36341050 PMCID: PMC9631385 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2164-2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Coccidian infection (coccidiosis) is one of the most important causes of illness and death in the fish population, including Asian sea bass. The fingerling developmental stage is sensitive to various infectious agents. Economic losses are sustained by the sea bass aquaculture industry due to coccidiosis annually. However, the related pathological changes in the Asian sea bass fingerlings’ three-part intestine remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the Asian sea bass fingerlings’ infection rate, infection location and site, and specific pathological lesions in the small intestinal tissues in a marine cage farming operation. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 fingerling fishes. Major coccidia proportions were identified morphologically at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. The infection number was determined based on coccidia presence at various intestinal locations and sites. All areas were assessed for pathological lesions using semi-quantitative grading. Analysis of variance was used to perform all data analyses using the SPSS software. Data were expressed as means ± standard deviation. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All Asian sea bass fingerlings studied were infected with coccidia. Enteritis and mucosal necrosis were distinct lesions found in the anterior intestine, which had the highest infection rate (49.94%), followed by the mid intestine (35.63%), and the posterior intestine (22.43%). The most common coccidian infection site was extracellular (subepithelial), followed by intracytoplasmic, and epicellular sites. Histopathological lesion determination revealed that intestinal tissue inflammation and epithelial injuries were predominantly seen in the anterior gut (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a high coccidian infection rate in Asian sea bass fingerlings from marine cage farming operations. Infection and intestinal damage at the anterior intestine, a major site, led to fingerling death. Disease prevention in the nursery should be intensive from the fingerling period to decrease the fatality rate caused by coccidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapol Suyapoh
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Peerapon Sornying
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chanoknun Thanomsub
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Khemjira Kraonual
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Korsin Jantana
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawattana
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Couso-Pérez S, Ares-Mazás E, Gómez-Couso H. A review of the current status of Cryptosporidium in fish. Parasitology 2022; 149:1-13. [PMID: 35166202 PMCID: PMC10090634 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Species of the genus Cryptosporidium (phylum Apicomplexa) infect the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract of several vertebrate hosts, including humans and domestic and wild animals. In the past 20 years, several studies have focused on Cryptosporidium in fish. To date, a total of four piscine-host-specific species (Cryptosporidium molnari, Cryptosporidium huwi, Cryptosporidium bollandi and Cryptosporidium abrahamseni), nine piscine genotypes and more than 29 unnamed genotypes have been described in fish hosts. In addition, Cryptosporidium species and genotypes typical of other groups of vertebrates have also been identified. This review summarizes the history, biology, pathology and clinical manifestations, as well as the transmission, prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in wild, cultured and ornamental fish from both marine and freshwater environments. Finally, the potential role of piscine hosts as a reservoir of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seila Couso-Pérez
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elvira Ares-Mazás
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Hipólito Gómez-Couso
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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González-Acuña D, Llanos-Soto S, Oyarzún-Ruiz P, Kinsella JM, Barrientos C, Thomas R, Cicchino A, Moreno L. Parasites of the Neotropic cormorant Nannopterum (Phalacrocorax) brasilianus (Aves, Phalacrocoracidae) in Chile. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2020; 29:e003920. [PMID: 33027422 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Neotropic cormorant Nannopterum (Phalacrocorax) brasilianus (Suliformes: Phalacrocoracidae) is widely distributed in Central and South America. In Chile, information about parasites for this species is limited to helminths and nematodes, and little is known about other parasite groups. This study documents the parasitic fauna present in 80 Neotropic cormorants' carcasses collected from 2001 to 2008 in Antofagasta, Biobío, and Ñuble regions. Birds were externally inspected for ectoparasites and necropsies were performed to examine digestive and respiratory organs in search of endoparasites. Ectoparasites collected were cleared and mounted for identification under a microscope. Fecal samples were also evaluated to determine the presence of protozoan parasites employing a flotation technique. A total of 44 (42.5%) of birds were infested with at least one ectoparasite species, while 77 (96.25%) were carrying endoparasites. No protozoan forms were found after examination. Most prevalent endoparasite species found were Contracaecum rudolphii s. l. (72/80, 90%), followed by Pectinopygus gyroceras (33/80, 41.25%), and Profilicollis altmani (26/80, 32.5%). This is the first report of P. altmani, Baruscapillaria carbonis, Avioserpens sp., Cyathostoma (Cyathostoma) phenisci, and Eidmaniella pelucida in the Neotropic cormorant. These findings also expand the distributional range of Andracantha phalacrocoracis, Paradilepis caballeroi, Hysteromorpha triloba, and P. gyroceras to Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Acuña
- Laboratorio de Parásitos y Enfermedades de Fauna Silvestre, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Sebastián Llanos-Soto
- Laboratorio de Parásitos y Enfermedades de Fauna Silvestre, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.,Laboratorio de Vida Silvestre, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Pablo Oyarzún-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Parásitos y Enfermedades de Fauna Silvestre, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | | | - Carlos Barrientos
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Concepción, Chile
| | - Richard Thomas
- Laboratorio de Parásitos y Enfermedades de Fauna Silvestre, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | | | - Lucila Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Couso-Pérez S, Ares-Mazás E, Gómez-Couso H. First Report of Cryptosporidium Molnari-Like Genotype and Cryptosporidium parvum Zoonotic Subtypes (IIaA15G2R1 And IIaA18G3R1) in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta). J Parasitol 2019. [DOI: 10.1645/18-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seila Couso-Pérez
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elvira Ares-Mazás
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Hipólito Gómez-Couso
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Rzymski P, Słodkowicz-Kowalska A, Klimaszyk P, Solarczyk P, Poniedziałek B. Screening of protozoan and microsporidian parasites in feces of great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9813-9819. [PMID: 28255818 PMCID: PMC5388712 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The global population of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo L.) is on the rise. These birds, characterized by rapid metabolism, can deposit large quantities of feces, and because they breed on the land but forage on water, both terrestrial and aquatic environments can be simultaneously affected by their activities. The contribution of great cormorants in the dispersal of bacterial and viral pathogens has been immensely studied; whereas, the occurrence of eukaryotic parasites such as protozoans and microsporidians in these birds is little known. The present study investigated the presence of dispersive stages of potentially zoonotic protozoans belonging to the genera Blastocystis, Giardia and Cryptosporidium, and Microsporidia spores in feces collected from birds inhabiting the breeding colony established at one lake island in Poland, Europe. The feces were examined by coprological techniques (staining with iron hematoxylin, Ziehl-Neelsen, and modified Weber's chromotrope 2R-based trichrome), and with immunofluorescence antibody MERIFLUOR Cryptosporidium/Giardia assay. As found, the Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified rarely in 8% of samples (2/25; 3-5 × 103/g) and no cysts of Giardia and Blastocystis were detected. Microsporidian spores were detected in 4% of samples (1/25) but at very high frequency (4.3 × 104/g). No dispersive stages of parasites were identified in water samples collected from the littoral area near the colony. Despite the profuse defecation of cormorants, their role in the dispersion of the investigated parasites may not be as high as hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Słodkowicz-Kowalska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine I, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Klimaszyk
- Department of Water Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Solarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine I, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Poniedziałek
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Yang R, Dorrestein GM, Ryan U. Molecular characterisation of a disseminated Cryptosporidium infection in a Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Vet Parasitol 2016; 226:53-6. [PMID: 27514884 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that infects a wide range of hosts, yet relatively little is known about the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in fish. Here we report a disseminated Cryptosporidium infection in a male Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), with parasite stages identified deep within the epithelium of the intestine, kidneys, spleen, liver and gills causing severe granulomatous inflammatory lesions. Molecular characterization at two loci; 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and actin, revealed this to be a novel Cryptosporidium genotype, most closely related to Cryptosporidium molnari.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchang Yang
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gerry M Dorrestein
- Diagnostisch Pathologie Laboratorium, Nederlands Onderzoek Instituut Voor Bijzondere Dieren (NOIVBD), Wintelresedijk 51, NL-5507 PP, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Una Ryan
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
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Abstract
SUMMARYParasites have a major impact on global finfish and shellfish aquaculture, having significant effects on farm production, sustainability and economic viability. Parasite infections and impacts can, according to pathogen and context, be considered to be either unpredictable/sporadic or predictable/regular. Although both types of infection may result in the loss of stock and incur costs associated with the control and management of infection, predictable infections can also lead to costs associated with prophylaxis and related activities. The estimation of the economic cost of a parasite event is frequently complicated by the complex interplay of numerous factors associated with a specific incident, which may range from direct production losses to downstream socio-economic impacts on livelihoods and satellite industries associated with the primary producer. In this study, we examine the world's major marine and brackish water aquaculture production industries and provide estimates of the potential economic costs attributable to a range of key parasite pathogens using 498 specific events for the purposes of illustration and estimation of costs. This study provides a baseline resource for risk assessment and the development of more robust biosecurity practices, which can in turn help mitigate against and/or minimise the potential impacts of parasite-mediated disease in aquaculture.
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Detection of Cryptosporidium molnari oocysts from fish by fluorescent-antibody staining assays for cryptosporidium spp. affecting humans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:1878-80. [PMID: 21239548 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02691-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three direct fluorescent-antibody staining assay kits for the detection of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species were used to detect Cryptosporidium molnari from Murray cod, and the cryptosporidia were characterized by using small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA). To facilitate rapid diagnosis of infection, this study demonstrated that all three kits detected fresh C. molnari and two kits detected formalin-fixed oocysts.
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