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Stringer OW, Bossé JT, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, Fodor L, Angen Ø, Velazquez E, Penny P, Lei L, Langford PR, Li Y. Rapid Detection and Typing of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovars Directly From Clinical Samples: Combining FTA ® Card Technology With Multiplex PCR. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:728660. [PMID: 34447805 PMCID: PMC8382971 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.728660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, is highly contagious and responsible for high morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in the swine industry worldwide, but quick serotyping and diagnosis are still not widely available. In this study, we sought to validate the use of Whatman FTA® cards for collection and processing of A. pleuropneumoniae isolates, or porcine lung tissue samples, for direct use in diagnostic multiplex PCRs. We have optimized the processing of 3-mm discs punched from FTA® cards loaded with cultured A. pleuropneumoniae, or imprinted on lesioned regions of lung tissue, with only three distilled water washes before addition into our APP-multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay for rapid, low-cost identification and serotyping. DNA captured on FTA® cards generated the same diagnostic PCR results as DNA extracted using commercial kits for 85 A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolate cultures and 22 lung samples. Additionally, bacterial DNA bound to FTA® cards was detectable by PCR after 6 months of storage at 37°C. This study provides simple, efficient, rapid, and practical sample processing for detection and molecular serotyping of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W. Stringer
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janine T. Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Lacouture
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Paul Penny
- Ceva Animal Health Ltd., Amersham, United Kingdom
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Wen W, Shi L, Chen X. Simultaneous Detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus parasuis in Pig by Duplex Droplet Digital PCR. EFOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.200918.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Abstract
A total of 255 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates were collected from 634 lung samples representing 70 swine herds in Hungary between January 2012 and June 2016. On the basis of the indirect haemagglutination test 77 independent strains were included in the evaluation after the elimination of duplicate or multiple serotypes from the same herd. In the case of 7 herds strains of two different serotypes were identified. Fourteen Hungarian A. pleuropneumoniae isolates from the culture collection of the Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, isolated before 2012, were also included in the evaluation (one each from 12 herds and two each from two herds, where two serotypes occurred). Out of the altogether 91 A. pleuropneumoniae strains 72 strains belonged to biotype I and 19 strains could be allocated to biotype II. In Hungary, the most common serotypes were serotype 2 (39.5%), 13 (15.4%), 8 (8.8%) and 16 (8.8%), but serotypes 9 (5.5%), 11 (3.3%) and 12 (3.3%) were also isolated. Twelve strains (13.2%) were untypable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sárközi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1581 Budapest, P.O.B. 22, Hungary
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1581 Budapest, P.O.B. 22, Hungary
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1581 Budapest, P.O.B. 22, Hungary
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Zhang F, Cao S, Zhu Z, Yang Y, Wen X, Chang YF, Huang X, Wu R, Wen Y, Yan Q, Huang Y, Ma X, Zhao Q. Immunoprotective Efficacy of Six In vivo-Induced Antigens against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae as Potential Vaccine Candidates in Murine Model. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1623. [PMID: 27818646 PMCID: PMC5073529 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Six in vivo-induced (IVI) antigens—RnhB, GalU, GalT, Apl_1061, Apl_1166, and HflX were selected for a vaccine trial in a mouse model. The results showed that the IgG levels in each immune group was significantly higher than that of the negative control (P < 0.001). Except rRnhB group, proliferation of splenocytes was observed in all immunized groups and a relatively higher proliferation activity was observed in rGalU and rGalT groups (P < 0.05). In the rGalT vaccinated group, the proportion of CD4+ T cells in spleen was significant higher than that of negative control (P < 0.05). Moreover, proportions of CD4+ T cells in other vaccinated groups were all up-regulated to varying degrees. Up-regulation of both Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines were detected. A survival rate of 87.5, 62.5, and 62.5% were obtained among rGalT, rAPL_1166, and rHflX group, respectively while the remaining three groups was only 25%. Histopathological analyses of lungs indicated that surviving animals from the vaccinated groups showed relatively normal pulmonary structure alveoli. These findings confirm that IVI antigens used as vaccine candidates provide partial protection against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in a mouse model, which could be used as potential vaccine candidates in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Sichuan Science-observation Experiment of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biological Technology, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China
| | - Zhuang Zhu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Sichuan Science-observation Experiment of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biological Technology, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
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Dors A, Kowalczyk A, Pomorska-Mól M. Real-time quantitative PCR for detection and identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2. J Vet Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Porcine pleuropneumonia inflicts important economic losses on most commercial herds. Detection of subclinical or chronic infection in animals still remains a challenge, as isolation and identification of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes is difficult and quantification of the bacteria on agar plates is often almost impossible. The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a serotype-specific quantitative TaqMan probe-based PCR for detection of serotype 2 in pig lungs, tonsils, and nasal swabs.
Material and Methods: The primers were designed from the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis genes of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2. PCR specificity and sensitivity were evaluated using reference strains and several other bacterial species commonly isolated from pigs.
Results: The real-time qPCR for detection of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 was highly specific and gave no false positives with other serotypes or different bacterial species of pig origin. The detection limit for pure culture was 1.2 × 104 CFU/mL, for lung tissue and nasal swabs it was 1.2 × 105 CFU/mL, and for tonsils - 1.2 × 105 CFU/mL.
Conclusion: The method can be used to serotype A. pleuropneumoniae isolates obtained during cultivation and to detect and identify A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 directly in nasal swabs and tonsil scrapings obtained from live pigs or lung tissue and tonsils collected post-mortem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Dors
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kowalczyk
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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Abstract
The introduction into a naïve herd of animals sub-clinically infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is frequently the cause of clinical pleuropneumonia and the identification of such infected herds is a priority in the control of disease. Different serological tests for App have been developed and a number of these are routinely used. Some are species-specific whereas others identify more specifically the serotype/serogroup involved which requires updated information about important serotypes recovered from diseased pigs in a given area/country. Serotyping methods based on molecular techniques have been developed lately and are ready to be used by most diagnostic laboratories. When non-conclusive serological results are obtained, direct detection of App from tonsils is sometimes attempted. This review addresses different techniques and approaches used to monitor herds sub-clinically infected by this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Gottschalk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Center (CRIPA), Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2.
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Gottschalk M, Lacouture S. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
serotypes 3, 6, 8 and 15 isolated from diseased pigs in North America. Vet Rec 2014; 174:452. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gottschalk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Montreal; 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec Canada J2S 2M2
| | - S. Lacouture
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Montreal; 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec Canada J2S 2M2
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