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Kovačević D, Cincović M, Majkić M, Spasojević J, Djoković R, Nikolić S, Došenović Marinković M, Delić Vujanović B, Obradović N, Anđušić L, Čukić A, Petrović M, Starič J, Ježek J. Analytical and Clinical Interference of Sample Hemolysis in Evaluating Blood Biochemical and Endocrine Parameters in Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1773. [PMID: 38929392 PMCID: PMC11200682 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis is a common cause of errors in laboratory tests as it affects blood parameters and leads to a positive or negative bias. This study aims to examine the relationship between the level of hemolysis (expressed as cell-free hemoglobin concentration, g/L) and the variability of metabolic and endocrine parameters and to determine the threshold level of hemolysis that causes an analytically and clinically significant bias for the twenty most frequently examined blood parameters in cows. Paired blood samples of 10 mL each were obtained from 30 cows. One was subjected to mechanical trauma and plasma was extracted directly from the other. Hemolyzed and non-hemolyzed samples from the same animal were mixed to obtain final samples with cell-free hemoglobin concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/L. Metabolic and endocrine parameters were measured in the samples and their deviation and the linear equation between the level of hemolysis and the deviation were determined. The following threshold values of hemolysis were determined, which correspond to the acceptable analytical (lower value) and clinical (upper value) levels of parameter variability: BHB 0.96 and 4.81; NEFA 0.39 and 3.31; GLU 0.38 and 3.90; ALB 1.12 and 6.11; TPROT 1.40 and 6.80; UREA 6.62 and 20.1; TBIL 0.75 and 5.65; AST 0.11 and 2.18; GGT 1.71 and 8.90, LDH 0.01 and 0.11, ALP 0.97 and 2.95; TGC 1.56 and 15.5; CHOL 1.29 and 8.56; Ca 5.68 and 25.7; P 0.57 and 8.43; Mg 1.10 and 8.47; INS 1.15 and 3.89; T3 8.19 and 15.6; T4 8.97 and 18.5; and CORT 2.78 and 11.22 g/L cell-free hemoglobin. Three decision levels are available for each metabolic and endocrine parameter: if hemolysis is below the lower (analytical) threshold value, results can be reported without restriction; if hemolysis is between the lower and upper thresholds, the results can be issued with guidance in the form of corrective linear equations; and if hemolysis is above the upper (clinical) threshold, the results and sample must be discarded. This method contributes to an optimal approach to hemolysis interference with metabolic profile parameters in blood samples from cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dražen Kovačević
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Square Dositeja Obradovića 7, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); or (M.C.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Marko Cincović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Square Dositeja Obradovića 7, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); or (M.C.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Mira Majkić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Square Dositeja Obradovića 7, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); or (M.C.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Jovan Spasojević
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Square Dositeja Obradovića 7, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); or (M.C.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Radojica Djoković
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, 32000 Čačak, Serbia; (R.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Sandra Nikolić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Square Dositeja Obradovića 7, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); or (M.C.); (M.M.); (J.S.); (S.N.)
| | | | | | - Nemanja Obradović
- Pasteur Institute Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Ljiljana Anđušić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Priština, Kopaonička bb, 38219 Lešak, Serbia; (L.A.); (A.Č.)
| | - Aleksandar Čukić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Priština, Kopaonička bb, 38219 Lešak, Serbia; (L.A.); (A.Č.)
| | - Miloš Petrović
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, 32000 Čačak, Serbia; (R.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Jože Starič
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Jožica Ježek
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Larrán B, López-Alonso M, Miranda M, Graña A, Rigueira L, Orjales I. Influence of haemolysis on blood biochemistry profiles in cattle. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105203. [PMID: 38432158 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Although haemolysis is the most common source of preanalytical error in clinical laboratories, its influence on cattle biochemistry remains poorly understood. The effect of haemolysis and its clinical relevance were investigated in 70 samples in which haemolysis was artificially induced (by spiking with increasing amounts of haemolysate, yielding 0.0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 10% haemolysis degree (HD)), focusing on key parameters for bovine metabolic health assessment, including albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), calcium (Ca), cholesterol, creatinine, creatine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), globulins, magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), total bilirubin (TBIL) and total proteins (TP). Preanalytical haemolysis significantly affected most (8 of 14) of the biochemical parameters analysed, leading to significant increases in concentrations of albumin (starting at 5% HD), cholesterol (at 5% HD) and P (at 10% HD) and to significant decreases in Ca (at 2.5% HD), creatinine (at 5% HD), globulins (at 10% HD), TBIL (at 2.5% HD) and TP (at 10% HD). Comparison of the present and previous data indicated that, for each parameter, the HD required to produce significant bias and the clinical relevance of over- and underestimation are variable and appear to depend on the analytical technique used. Therefore, different laboratories should evaluate the influence of haemolysis in their analytical results and provide advice to clinicians accordingly. Affected parameters should be interpreted together with clinical signs and other analytical data to minimize misinterpretations (false or masked variations). Finally, due to the significant impact on numerous parameters and the limited potential for correction, we recommend rejection of samples with >10% HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Larrán
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Marta Miranda
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Almudena Graña
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Lucas Rigueira
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Orjales
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Okafor PCJ, Homwong N. Dietary 25 Hydroxyvitamin D3 Improved Serum Concentration Level and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity during Lactation but Had Meager Impact on Post-Farrowing Reproductive Performance in Sows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:419. [PMID: 38338062 PMCID: PMC10854743 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) promotes serum 25(OH)D3 concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP); however, post-farrowing reproductive performance of lactating sows fed with 14-epimer of 25(OH)D3 is uncertain. This study investigated post-farrowing reproductive performance, serum ALP activity, and serum 25(OH)D3 concentration in sows fed VD3, 25(OH)D3, or 14-epi 25(OH)D3. Weaned sows (n = 203) in parities 2 and 3 were blocked weekly and treated with 2000 IU/kg VD3 (T1), 25 μg/kg 25(OH)D3:14-epi 25(OH)D3 (T2), or 50 μg/kg 25(OH)D3 (T3) diets, all equilibrated to 2000 IU/kg as fed. Sow performance, treatment, and sampling period effects were analyzed. Environmental conditions were analyzed as covariates. The number of piglets weaned (p = 0.029), pre-weaning mortality (p = 0.029), sampling period (p < 0.001), and treatment and period interaction (p = 0.028) differed significantly. There was an increase in 25(OH)D3 during lactation due to physiological demands for milk calcium and milk production. Supplementing twice the concentration of 25(OH)D3 compared to its epimer, 25(OH)D3:14-epi 25(OH)D3, had no significant effect on the post-farrowing reproductive performance of lactating sows. The effect of 25(OH)D3 on post-farrowing reproductive performance and ALP activity in sows was influenced by metabolic demand for calcium due to physiological changes during lactation as well as epimer conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prester C. John Okafor
- Laboratory of Swine Science, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
| | - Nitipong Homwong
- Laboratory of Swine Science, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
- National Swine Research and Training Center, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
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Lyoo KS, Yeo YH, Lee SG, Yeom M, Lee JY, Kim KC, Song D. Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Beagle Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040624. [PMID: 36830411 PMCID: PMC9951710 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in unprecedented challenges to healthcare worldwide. In particular, the anthroponotic transmission of human coronaviruses has become a common concern among pet owners. Here, we experimentally inoculated beagle dogs with SARS-CoV-2 or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) to compare their susceptibility to and the pathogenicity of these viruses. The dogs in this study exhibited weight loss and increased body temperatures and shed the viruses in their nasal secretions, feces, and urine. Pathologic changes were observed in the lungs of the dogs inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV. Additionally, clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, such as increased lactate dehydrogenase levels, were identified in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Soo Lyoo
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hwan Yeo
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Geun Lee
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease and Vector Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chang Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease and Vector Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesub Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Larrán B, López-Alonso M, Miranda M, Pereira V, Rigueira L, Suárez ML, Herrero-Latorre C. Measuring haemolysis in cattle serum by direct UV-VIS and RGB digital image-based methods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13523. [PMID: 35941370 PMCID: PMC9360397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid procedure is required for the routine detection and quantification of haemolysis, one of the main sources of unreliable results in serum analysis. In this study, we compared two different approaches for the rapid determination of haemolysis in cattle serum. The first consisted of estimating haemolysis via a simple direct ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometric measurement of serum samples. The second involved analysis of red, green, blue (RGB) colour data extracted from digital images of serum samples and relating the haemoglobin (Hb) content by means of both univariate (R, G, B and intensity separately) and multivariate calibrations (R, G, B and intensity jointly) using partial least squares regression and artificial neural networks. The direct UV-VIS analysis and RGB-multivariate analysis using neural network methods were both appropriate for evaluating haemolysis in serum cattle samples. The procedures displayed good accuracy (mean recoveries of 100.7 and 102.1%, respectively), adequate precision (with coefficients of variation from 0.21 to 2.68%), limit of detection (0.14 and 0.21 g L-1, respectively), and linearity of up to 10 g L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Larrán
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Rof-Codina", Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Rof-Codina", Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Víctor Pereira
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Lucas Rigueira
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Rof-Codina", Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - María Luisa Suárez
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Rof-Codina", Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Herrero-Latorre
- Research Institute on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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Larrán B, Miranda M, Herrero-Latorre C, Rigueira L, Pereira V, Suárez ML, López-Alonso M. Influence of Haemolysis on the Mineral Profile of Cattle Serum. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123336. [PMID: 34944113 PMCID: PMC8698072 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The results of blood tests routinely used in clinical chemistry can be altered by haemolysis, the disruption of red blood cells. Haemolysis of serum samples is recognized to be the leading cause of preanalytical errors in clinical laboratories. The influence of haemolysis must be specifically studied for each analyte and species of clinical interest, as it is often not known how serum samples are affected. Little is known about the potential alterations in the concentrations of mineral elements in haemolyzed serum in general and the phenomenon has not been specifically studied in bovine serum samples. We investigate how haemolysis affects the mineral content of bovine samples. Abstract Haemolysis of serum samples is the leading cause of preanalytical errors in clinical laboratories. Little is known about the potential alterations in the concentrations of mineral elements in haemolyzed serum and the phenomenon has not been specifically studied in bovine serum samples. We investigate how haemolysis affects the mineral content of bovine samples. We used ICP-MS to measure the concentrations of 12 mineral elements (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Se and Zn) in bovine whole blood, serum and gradually haemolyzed samples and observed significant differences between the different types of samples, particularly in the Fe and Zn concentrations. However, in practice, the high interindividual variability makes it difficult to establish whether a given value corresponds to normal or haemolyzed samples. In response to this problem, we propose to consider that a result is significantly biased when the haemolysis threshold (the degree of haemolysis above which the concentration of an element in serum is significantly altered) of a given element is surpassed. The haemolysis threshold values for the different elements considered were found as follows: 0.015 g Hb L−1 for Fe, 2 g for Zn, 4 g for Cr and 8 g for Ca, Se and Mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Larrán
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (B.L.); (L.R.); (M.L.S.)
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (B.L.); (L.R.); (M.L.S.)
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos Herrero-Latorre
- Research Institute on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Lucas Rigueira
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (B.L.); (L.R.); (M.L.S.)
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Víctor Pereira
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (V.P.); (M.L.-A.)
| | - María Luisa Suárez
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (B.L.); (L.R.); (M.L.S.)
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (V.P.); (M.L.-A.)
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Haskins DL, Hamilton MT, Stacy NI, Finger JW, Tuberville TD. Effects of selenium exposure on the hematology, innate immunity, and metabolic rate of yellow-bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta scripta). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1134-1146. [PMID: 28780652 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring essential element that can be toxic to vertebrates at high concentrations. Despite studies that have documented that wild reptile species can accumulate copious amounts of Se, little is known regarding specific toxicologic effects of Se. In this study, 70 juvenile yellow-bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta scripta) were exposed to one of three seleno-L-methionine (SetMet) treatments (control, n = 24; 15 mg/kg, n = 23; and 30 mg/kg, n = 23) via weekly oral gavage for 5 weeks. At the conclusion of the experiment, kidney, liver, muscle, and blood samples were collected for quantitative Se analysis. Turtles in the SeMet treatment groups accumulated significantly higher amounts of Se in all tissue types relative to controls (all p < 0.001). Turtles in the 30 mg/kg SeMet group also accumulated significantly higher amounts of Se compared to the 15 mg/kg group (all p < 0.001). Although toxicity thresholds for reptiles have not been established, Se concentrations in liver tissue from both SeMet treatment groups exceeded reported avian toxicity thresholds for liver tissue. Neither oxygen consumption nor innate bactericidal capacity were impacted by SeMet exposure. However, turtles in the 30 mg/kg SeMet group exhibited anemia, which has been reported in other vertebrates exposed to Se. Furthermore, juvenile T. s. scripta in the 30 mg/kg SeMet group experienced 17% mortality compared to 0% in the 15 mg/kg treatment and control groups. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report dose-dependent Se-associated anemia and mortality in a chelonian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Haskins
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Matthew T Hamilton
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Nicole I Stacy
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - John W Finger
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Tracey D Tuberville
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
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EVALUATION OF THE I-STAT PORTABLE CLINICAL ANALYZER FOR MEASUREMENT OF IONIZED CALCIUM AND SELECTED BLOOD CHEMISTRY VALUES IN ASIAN ELEPHANTS (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 48:319-327. [DOI: 10.1638/2016-0150r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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HEMATOLOGY AND PLASMA BIOCHEMISTRY INTERVALS FOR CAPTIVE-BORN CALIFORNIA TIGER SALAMANDERS (AMBYSTOMA CALIFORNIENSE). J Zoo Wildl Med 2016; 47:731-735. [DOI: 10.1638/2016-0028.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Lippi G, Simundic AM, Rodriguez-Manas L, Bossuyt P, Banfi G. Standardizing in vitro diagnostics tasks in clinical trials: a call for action. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:181. [PMID: 27275494 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.04.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Translational research is defined as the process of applying ideas, insights and discoveries generated through basic scientific inquiry to treatment or prevention of human diseases. Although precise information is lacking, several lines of evidence attest that up to 95% early-phase studies may not translate into tangible outcomes for improving clinical management. Major theoretical hurdles exist in the translational process, but is it also undeniable that many studies may have failed for practical reasons, such as the use of inappropriate diagnostic testing for evaluating efficacy, effectiveness or safety of a given medical intervention, or poor quality in laboratory testing. This can generate biased test results and result in misconceptions during data interpretation, eventually leading to no clinical benefit, possible harm, and a waste of valuable resources. From a genuine economic perspective, it can be estimated that over 10 million euros of funding may be lost each year in clinical trials in the European Union due to preanalytical and analytical problems. These are mostly attributions to the heterogeneity of current guidelines and recommendations for the testing process, to the poor evidence base for basic pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical requirements in clinical trials, and to the failure to thoughtfully integrate the perspectives of clinicians, patients, nurses and diagnostic companies in laboratory best practices. The most rational means for filling the gap between what we know and what we practice in clinical trials cannot discount the development of multidisciplinary teams including research scientists, clinicians, nurses, patients associations and representative of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) companies, who should actively interplay and collaborate with laboratory professionals to adapt and disseminate evidence-based recommendations about biospecimen collection and management into the research settings, from preclinical to phase III studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- 1 Working Group on Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM); 2 Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy ; 3 Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia ; 4 Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain ; 5 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, and STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy) group, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ; 6 IRCCS Galeazzi and Vita e Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana-Maria Simundic
- 1 Working Group on Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM); 2 Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy ; 3 Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia ; 4 Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain ; 5 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, and STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy) group, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ; 6 IRCCS Galeazzi and Vita e Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Leocadio Rodriguez-Manas
- 1 Working Group on Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM); 2 Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy ; 3 Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia ; 4 Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain ; 5 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, and STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy) group, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ; 6 IRCCS Galeazzi and Vita e Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrick Bossuyt
- 1 Working Group on Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM); 2 Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy ; 3 Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia ; 4 Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain ; 5 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, and STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy) group, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ; 6 IRCCS Galeazzi and Vita e Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- 1 Working Group on Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM); 2 Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy ; 3 Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia ; 4 Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain ; 5 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, and STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy) group, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ; 6 IRCCS Galeazzi and Vita e Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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