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Ichinose P, Miró MV, Larsen K, Lifschitz A, Virkel G. Unravelling drug-drug interactions in pigs: Induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) metabolism after the in-feed medication with the anthelmintic fenbendazole. Res Vet Sci 2024; 167:105113. [PMID: 38141570 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The anthelmintic fenbendazole (FBZ) undergoes hepatic S‑oxygenation by monooxygenases belonging to the cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-monooxygenase (FMO) families. The in-feed medication with FBZ induced CYP1A-dependent metabolism in pig liver. This fact may alter the metabolism of the anthelmintic itself, and of CYP1A substrates like aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). This work evaluated the effect of the in-feed administration of FBZ on CYP1A-dependent metabolism, on its own pattern of hepatic S‑oxygenation, and on the metabolism of AFB1. Landrace piglets remained untreated (n = 5) or received a pre-mix of FBZ (n = 6) in feed for 9 days. Pigs were slaughtered for preparation of liver microsomes used for: CYP content determination; monitoring the CYP1A-dependent enzyme activities, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD); measurement of FBZ (50 μM) S‑oxygenation, and AFB1 (16 nM) disappearance from the incubation medium. In microsomes of FBZ-treated animals, EROD and MROD increased 19-fold (p = 0.002) and 14-fold (p = 0.003), respectively. An enhanced (3-fold, p = 0.004) participation of the CYP pathway in FBZ S‑oxygenation was observed in the liver of piglets treated with the anthelmintic (210 ± 69 pmol/min.nmol CYP) compared to untreated animals (68 ± 34 pmol/min.nmol CYP). AFB1 metabolism was 93% higher (p = 0.009) in the liver of FBZ-treated compared to untreated pigs. Positive and significant (p < 0.05) correlations were observed between CYP1A-dependent enzyme activities and FBZ or AFB1 metabolism. The sustained administration of FBZ caused an auto-induction of the CYP1A-dependent S‑oxygenation of this anthelmintic. The CYP1A induction triggered by the anthelmintic could amplify the production of AFB1 metabolites in pig liver, including the hepatotoxic AFB1-derived epoxide.+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ichinose
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Miró
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen Larsen
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Jaćević V, Dumanović J, Alomar SY, Resanović R, Milovanović Z, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Franca TCC, Wu W, Kuča K. Research update on aflatoxins toxicity, metabolism, distribution, and detection: A concise overview. Toxicology 2023; 492:153549. [PMID: 37209941 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Serious health risks associated with the consumption of food products contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs) are worldwide recognized and depend predominantly on consumed AF concentration by diet. A low concentration of aflatoxins in cereals and related food commodities is unavoidable, especially in subtropic and tropic regions. Accordingly, risk assessment guidelines established by regulatory bodies in different countries help in the prevention of aflatoxin intoxication and the protection of public health. By assessing the maximal levels of aflatoxins in food products which are a potential risk to human health, it's possible to establish appropriate risk management strategies. Regarding, a few factors are crucial for making a rational risk management decision, such as toxicological profile, adequate information concerning the exposure duration, availability of routine and some novel analytical techniques, socioeconomic factors, food intake patterns, and maximal allowed levels of each aflatoxin in different food products which may be varied between countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Jaćević
- Department for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jelena Dumanović
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radmila Resanović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milovanović
- Special Police Unit, Ministry of Interior, Trebevićka 12/A, 11 030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, 434023 Jingzhou, Hubei, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tanos Celmar Costa Franca
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-270, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Kibugu J, Mdachi R, Munga L, Mburu D, Whitaker T, Huynh TP, Grace D, Lindahl JF. Improved Sample Selection and Preparation Methods for Sampling Plans Used to Facilitate Rapid and Reliable Estimation of Aflatoxin in Chicken Feed. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:216. [PMID: 33809813 PMCID: PMC8002447 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a toxic fungal metabolite associated with human and animal diseases, is a natural contaminant encountered in agricultural commodities, food and feed. Heterogeneity of AFB1 makes risk estimation a challenge. To overcome this, novel sample selection, preparation and extraction steps were designed for representative sampling of chicken feed. Accuracy, precision, limits of detection and quantification, linearity, robustness and ruggedness were used as performance criteria to validate this modification and Horwitz function for evaluating precision. A modified sampling protocol that ensured representativeness is documented, including sample selection, sampling tools, random procedures, minimum size of field-collected aggregate samples (primary sampling), procedures for mass reduction to 2 kg laboratory (secondary sampling), 25 g test portion (tertiary sampling) and 1.3 g analytical samples (quaternary sampling). The improved coning and quartering procedure described herein (for secondary and tertiary sampling) has acceptable precision, with a Horwitz ratio (HorRat = 0.3) suitable for splitting of 25 g feed aliquots from laboratory samples (tertiary sampling). The water slurring innovation (quaternary sampling) increased aflatoxin extraction efficiency to 95.1% through reduction of both bias (-4.95) and variability of recovery (1.2-1.4) and improved both intra-laboratory precision (HorRat = 1.2-1.5) and within-laboratory reproducibility (HorRat = 0.9-1.3). Optimal extraction conditions are documented. The improved procedure showed satisfactory performance, good field applicability and reduced sample analysis turnaround time.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kibugu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu 00902, Kenya;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;
| | - Raymond Mdachi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu 00902, Kenya;
| | - Leonard Munga
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;
| | - David Mburu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;
| | - Thomas Whitaker
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA;
| | | | - Delia Grace
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (D.G.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Johanna F. Lindahl
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (D.G.); (J.F.L.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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Shan H, Li X, Liu L, Song D, Wang Z. Recent advances in nanocomposite-based electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of toxins. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5808-5825. [PMID: 32538399 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00705f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toxins are one of the major threatening factors to human and animal health, as well as economic growth. There is therefore an urgent demand from various communities to develop novel analytical methods for the sensitive detection of toxins in complex matrixes. Among the as-developed toxin detection strategies, nanocomposite-based aptamer sensors (termed as aptasensors) show tremendous potential for combating toxin pollution; in particular electrochemical (EC) aptasensors have received significant attention because of their unique advantages, including simplicity, rapidness, high sensitivity, low cost and suitability for field-testing. This paper reviewed the recently published approaches for the development of nanocomposite-/nanomaterial-based EC aptasensors for the detection of toxins with high assaying performance, and their potential applications in environmental monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and food safety control by summarizing the detection of different types of toxins, including fungal mycotoxins, algal toxins and bacterial enterotoxins. The effects of nanocomposite properties on the detection performance of EC aptasensors have been fully addressed for supplying readers with a comprehensive understanding of their improvement. The current technical challenges and future prospects of this subject have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Shan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Du X, Schrunk DE, Shao D, Imerman PM, Wang C, Ensley SM, Rumbeiha WK. Intra-laboratory Development and Evaluation of a Quantitative Method for Measurement of Aflatoxins B1, M1 and Q1 in Animal Urine by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. J Anal Toxicol 2017; 41:698-707. [PMID: 28985321 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins negatively impact animal health. Aflatoxins (AFs) are the most common mycotoxins affecting both large and small animals and are a common cause of toxin-related pet food recalls. Definitive diagnosis of aflatoxicosis is constrained by a lack of validated ante-mortem analytical methods for detection and quantitation of AFs and their metabolites in biological specimens. Herein, we developed and evaluated a urine-based quantitative method for measurement of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its metabolites aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and aflatoxin Q1 (AFQ1) in animal urine. (Some of the results have been presented at 59th AAVLD conference, Greensboro, North Carolina, October 13-19th, 2016.) This method uses an immuno-affinity column for clean-up and pre-column derivatization followed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis with fluorescence detection. The method has high selectivity, recovery (>81%) and sensitivity with an instrument limit of detection of 0.20-1.02 pg; instrument limit of quantitation of 0.77-4.46 pg; and a method lower limit of quantitation of 0.30-2.5 ng/mL. The method has high accuracy, repeatability, and is rugged against minor changes. However, because of poor sensitivity of AFQ1 at low concentrations we recommend this method for quantitative determination of AFB1 and AFM1, and for qualitative measurement of AFQ1 in animal urine for diagnosis of aflatoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Du
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - Dwayne E Schrunk
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - Dahai Shao
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - Paula M Imerman
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - Steve M Ensley
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
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