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Mycoplasma bovis mbfN Encodes a Novel LRR Lipoprotein That Undergoes Proteolytic Processing and Binds Host Extracellular Matrix Components. J Bacteriol 2020; 203:JB.00154-20. [PMID: 33077633 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00154-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis causes serious infections in ruminants, leading to huge economic losses. Lipoproteins are key components of the mycoplasma membrane and are believed to function in nutrient acquisition, adherence, enzymatic interactions with the host, and induction of the host's immune response to infection. Many genes of M. bovis have not been assigned functions, in part because of their low sequence similarity with other bacteria, making it difficult to extrapolate gene functions. This study examined functions of a surface-localized leucine-rich repeat (LRR) lipoprotein encoded by mbfN of M. bovis PG45. Homologs of MbfN were detected as 48-kDa peptides by Western blotting in all the strains of M. bovis included in this study, with the predicted 70-kDa full-length polypeptide detected in some strains. Sequence analysis of the gene revealed the absence in some strains of a region encoding the carboxyl-terminal 147 amino acids found in strain PG45, which could account for the variation detected by immunoblotting. In silico analysis of MbfN suggested that it may have an adhesion-related function. In vitro binding assays confirmed MbfN to be a fibronectin and heparin-binding protein. Disruption of mbfN in M. bovis PG45 significantly reduced (P = 0.033) the adherence of M. bovis PG45 to MDBK cells in vitro, demonstrating the role of MbfN as an adhesin.IMPORTANCE Experimental validation of the putative functions of genes in M. bovis will advance our understanding of the basic biology of this economically important pathogen and is crucial in developing prevention strategies. This study demonstrated the extracellular matrix binding ability of a novel immunogenic lipoprotein of M. bovis, and the role of this protein in adhesion by M. bovis suggests that it could play a role in virulence.
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Dudek K, Nicholas RAJ, Szacawa E, Bednarek D. Mycoplasma bovis Infections-Occurrence, Diagnosis and Control. Pathogens 2020; 9:E640. [PMID: 32781697 PMCID: PMC7459460 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a cause of bronchopneumonia, mastitis and arthritis but may also affect other main organs in cattle such us the eye, ear or brain. Despite its non-zoonotic character, M. bovis infections are responsible for substantial economic health and welfare problems worldwide. M. bovis has spread worldwide, including to countries for a long time considered free of the pathogen. Control of M. bovis infections is hampered by a lack of effective vaccines and treatments due to increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance. This review summarizes the latest data on the epizootic situation of M. bovis infections and new sources/routes of transmission of the infection, and discusses the progress in diagnostics. The review includes various recommendations and suggestions which could be applied to infection control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dudek
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24100 Pulawy, Poland; (E.S.); (D.B.)
| | | | - Ewelina Szacawa
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24100 Pulawy, Poland; (E.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Dariusz Bednarek
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24100 Pulawy, Poland; (E.S.); (D.B.)
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Andrade YMFS, Santos-Junior MN, Rezende IS, Barbosa MS, Amorim AT, Silva ÍBS, Queiroz EC, Bastos BL, Campos GB, Timenetsky J, Marques LM. Multilocus sequence typing characterizes diversity of Ureaplasma diversum strains, and intra-species variability induces different immune response profiles. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:163. [PMID: 32456681 PMCID: PMC7249313 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ureaplasma diversum is a pathogen found in the genital tract of cattle and associated with genital disorders such as infertility, placentitis, abortion, birth of weak calves, low sperm motility, seminal vesiculitis and epididymitis. There are few studies evaluating the genetic diversity of U. diversum strains and their influence on the immune response in cattle. Therefore, to better understand genetic relationships of the pathogenicity of U. diversum, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was performed to characterize the ATCC 49782 strain and another 40 isolates recovered from different Brazilian states. Results Primers were designed for housekeeping genes ftsH, polC, rpL22, rpoB, valS and ureA and for virulence genes, phospholipase D (pld), triacylglycerol lipase (tgl), hemolysin (hlyA), MIB-MIP system (mib,mip), MBA (mba), VsA (VsA) and ribose transporter (tABC). PCRs were performed and the targeted gene products were purified and sequenced. Sequence types (STs), and clonal complexes (CCs) were assigned and the phylogenetic relationship was also evaluated. Thus, a total of 19 STs and 4 CCs were studied. Following the molecular analysis, six isolates of U. diversum were selected, inoculated into bovine monocyte/macrophage culture and evaluated for gene expression of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17. Differences were detected in the induction of cytokines, especially between isolates 198 and BA78, promoted inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profiles, respectively, and they also differed in virulence factors. Conclusion It was observed that intra-species variability between isolates of U. diversum can induce variations of virulent determinants and, consequently, modulate the expression of the triggered immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin M F S Andrade
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil, Jorge Amado Highway, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilheus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil.,Instituto Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil, Waldemar Falcao Street, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Manoel N Santos-Junior
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil, Jorge Amado Highway, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilheus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Izadora S Rezende
- Instituto de Ciências Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 2415, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Maysa S Barbosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 2415, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Aline T Amorim
- Instituto de Ciências Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 2415, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ícaro B S Silva
- Instituto Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil, Waldemar Falcao Street, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Ellunny C Queiroz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil, Hormindo Barros Street, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Bastos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil, Hormindo Barros Street, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Guilherme B Campos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil, Hormindo Barros Street, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Instituto de Ciências Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 2415, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Marques
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil, Jorge Amado Highway, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilheus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 2415, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil. .,Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil, Hormindo Barros Street, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
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Genetic structure of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae informs pathogen spillover dynamics between domestic and wild Caprinae in the western United States. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15318. [PMID: 31653889 PMCID: PMC6814754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spillover diseases have significant consequences for human and animal health, as well as wildlife conservation. We examined spillover and transmission of the pneumonia-associated bacterium Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in domestic sheep, domestic goats, bighorn sheep, and mountain goats across the western United States using 594 isolates, collected from 1984 to 2017. Our results indicate high genetic diversity of M. ovipneumoniae strains within domestic sheep, whereas only one or a few strains tend to circulate in most populations of bighorn sheep or mountain goats. These data suggest domestic sheep are a reservoir, while the few spillovers to bighorn sheep and mountain goats can persist for extended periods. Domestic goat strains form a distinct clade from those in domestic sheep, and strains from both clades are found in bighorn sheep. The genetic structure of domestic sheep strains could not be explained by geography, whereas some strains are spatially clustered and shared among proximate bighorn sheep populations, supporting pathogen establishment and spread following spillover. These data suggest that the ability to predict M. ovipneumoniae spillover into wildlife populations may remain a challenge given the high strain diversity in domestic sheep and need for more comprehensive pathogen surveillance.
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