1
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Hidalgo-Hermoso E, Celis S, Cabello J, Kemec I, Ortiz C, Lagos R, Verasay J, Moreira-Arce D, Vergara PM, Vera F, Esperón F. Molecular survey of selected viruses in Pudus ( Pudu puda) in Chile revealing first identification of caprine herpesvirus-2 (CpHV-2) in South American ungulates. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-7. [PMID: 36409461 PMCID: PMC9809401 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2022.2149879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases jeopardize the health of wildlife in Chile. However, this country lacks health surveillance programs that allow for defining preventive measures to tackle such diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and the genetic diversity of pestivirus, herpesvirus and adenovirus in pudus from Chile. Blood samples from wild (n=34) and captive (n=32) pudus were collected between 2011 and 2019 and analyzed through consensus PCR. All the samples were negative to pestivirus and adenovirus. Herpesvirus was confirmed in four captive, and one wild pudu. All four zoo animals share the same sequence for both polymerase and glycoprotein genes. Both sequences share a 100% identity with caprine herpesvirus-2, classifying them in the same cluster as the Macavirus group. In turn, novel sequences of the polymerase and glycoprotein B genes were obtained from the wild pudu. Our study reports the first evidence of CpHV-2 infection in Chile and South American ungulate populations. Further research will be necessary to assess the pathogenicity of CpHV-2 in this species. It is also urgently recommended that molecular, serological and pathological screening should be conducted in Chilean wild and captive pudus to understand the impact of the herpesvirus on their populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso
- Fundacion Buin Zoo, Buin, Chile,CONTACT Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso Fundacion Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin, Chile
| | - Sebastián Celis
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoológico Buin Zoo, Buin, Chile
| | - Javier Cabello
- Centro de conservación de la biodiversidad, Chiloé-Silvestre. Nal Bajo, Ancud, Chiloé, Chile
| | - Ignacio Kemec
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoológico Buin Zoo, Buin, Chile
| | - Carolina Ortiz
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoológico Buin Zoo, Buin, Chile
| | - Rocio Lagos
- Laboratorio Clínic, Hospital Veterinario SOS Buin Zoo, Buin, Chile
| | - Juan Verasay
- Fundacion Buin Zoo, Buin, Chile,Laboratorio Clínic, Hospital Veterinario SOS Buin Zoo, Buin, Chile
| | | | | | - Frank Vera
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad San Sebastian, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Fernando Esperón
- Veterinary Department, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Hoskins E, Hoffman J, Ferro PJ, Diaz-Delgado J, Porter BF, Gomez G, Cliften P. Deer mastadenovirus B pneumonia in a white-tailed deer fawn. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:543-546. [PMID: 37305980 PMCID: PMC10467465 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231179140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A 7-mo-old farmed white-tailed deer fawn (Odocoileus virginianus) died after several weeks of progressive deterioration associated with endoparasitism and respiratory signs. A field autopsy was performed, and lung tissue was submitted for histologic examination. The findings were consistent with necrosuppurative bronchointerstitial pneumonia with intranuclear viral inclusions. Immunofluorescence using fluorescently labeled polyclonal antibodies to bovine adenovirus 3 and 5 was positive. To rule out cross-reactivity with other adenoviruses, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were submitted for genome sequence analysis, which revealed a 99.6% match to Deer mastadenovirus B (formerly Odocoileus adenovirus 2, OdAdV2). To our knowledge, natural clinical disease associated with OdAdV2 has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hoskins
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jay Hoffman
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Pamela J. Ferro
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Josué Diaz-Delgado
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brian F. Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel Gomez
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Paul Cliften
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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3
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Domshy KA, Lung O, Nebroski M, Kruczkiewicz P, Ayilara I, Woods LW, Lowe E, Davies JL. Adenoviral hemorrhagic disease in a farmed elk (Cervus canadensis) in Alberta, Canada. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2023; 64:524-528. [PMID: 37265810 PMCID: PMC10204888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviral hemorrhagic disease (AHD), caused by deer atadenovirus A (OdAdV-1), affects captive and free-ranging cervids across North America. Here we present a case of AHD in a 6-month-old female elk calf from a farm in Alberta. Histopathology revealed multisystemic vasculitis with endothelial intranuclear inclusion bodies, pulmonary hemorrhage, and small intestinal hemorrhage characteristic of the acute systemic form of AHD. Immunohistochemistry was positive for OdAdV-1, confirming the diagnosis. Whole-genome sequencing of the virus was conducted for phylogenetic comparison. This is the 1st reported case of AHD in a farmed elk in Canada and the 1st reported case in an elk in Alberta. Key clinical message: Adenoviral hemorrhagic disease (AHD) is an emerging disease that should be investigated as a top differential when diagnosticians and veterinarians encounter young cervids found dead with pulmonary edema or hemorrhage and/or hemorrhagic enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrice A Domshy
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Oliver Lung
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Michelle Nebroski
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Peter Kruczkiewicz
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Ifeoluwa Ayilara
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Leslie W Woods
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Evan Lowe
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Jennifer L Davies
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
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4
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Whole-Genome Sequence of Cervid atadenovirus A from the Initial Cases of an Adenovirus Hemorrhagic Disease Epizootic of Black-Tailed Deer in Canada. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0066222. [PMID: 36129291 PMCID: PMC9584332 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00662-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A complete 30,616-nucleotide Cervid atadenovirus A genome was determined from the tissues of black-tailed deer that had died in 2020 in British Columbia, Canada. Unique, nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the E1B, Iva2, and E4.3 coding regions and deletions totaling 74 nucleotides that were not observed in moose and red deer isolates were present.
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5
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Bovine Polyomavirus-1 (Epsilonpolyomavirus bovis): An Emerging Fetal Pathogen of Cattle That Causes Renal Lesions Resembling Polyomavirus-Associated Nephropathy of Humans. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092042. [PMID: 36146848 PMCID: PMC9502773 DOI: 10.3390/v14092042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine polyomavirus-1 (BoPyV-1, Epsilonpolyomavirus bovis) is widespread in cattle and has been detected in commercialized beef at supermarkets in the USA and Germany. BoPyV-1 has been questioned as a probable zoonotic agent with documented increase in seropositivity in people exposed to cattle. However, to date, BoPyV-1 has not been causally associated with pathology or disease in any animal species, including humans. Here we describe and illustrate pathological findings in an aborted bovine fetus naturally infected with BoPyV-1, providing evidence of its pathogenicity and probable abortigenic potential. Our results indicate that: (i) BoPyV-1 can cause severe kidney lesions in cattle, including tubulointerstitial nephritis with cytopathic changes and necrosis in tubular epithelial cells, tubular and interstitial inflammation, and interstitial fibroplasia; (ii) lesions are at least partly attributable to active viral replication in renal tubular epithelial cells, which have abundant intranuclear viral inclusions; (iii) BoPyV-1 large T (LT) antigen, resulting from early viral gene expression, can be detected in infected renal tubular epithelial cells using a monoclonal antibody raised against Simian Virus-40 polyomavirus LT antigen; and (iv) there is productive BoPyV-1 replication and virion assembly in the nuclei of renal tubular epithelial cells, as demonstrated by the ultrastructural observation of abundant arrays of viral particles with typical polyomavirus morphology. Altogether, these lesions resemble the “cytopathic-inflammatory pathology pattern” proposed in the pathogenesis of Human polyomavirus-1-associated nephropathy in immunocompromised people and kidney allograft recipients. Additionally, we sequenced the complete genome of the BoPyV-1 infecting the fetus, which represents the first whole genome of a BoPyV-1 from the Southern Hemisphere. Lastly, the BoPyV-1 strain infecting this fetus was isolated, causing a cytopathic effect in Madin–Darby bovine kidney cells. We conclude that BoPyV-1 is pathogenic to the bovine fetus under natural circumstances. Further insights into the epidemiology, biology, clinical relevance, and zoonotic potential of BoPyV-1 are needed.
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6
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Dastjerdi A, Jeckel S, Davies H, Irving J, Longue C, Plummer C, Vidovszky MZ, Harrach B, Chantrey J, Martineau H, Williams J. Novel adenovirus associated with necrotizing bronchiolitis in a captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3097-3102. [PMID: 34724349 PMCID: PMC9787489 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses cause a range of major diseases across many diverse animal species including ruminants. They are classified into six genera in the family Adenoviridae. In deer species, two adenoviruses are currently recognized: deer adenovirus 1 in the Atadenovirus genus, and deer adenovirus 2 in the Mastadenovirus genus. Deer adenovirus 1 causes adenovirus haemorrhagic disease with high fatality in black-tailed and mule deer in North America. Conversely, deer adenovirus 2 was incidentally detected from a healthy white-tailed deer fawn, but experimentally it has been shown to cause pyrexia, cough and moderate to severe haemorrhage. Here, we detected a novel adenovirus, reindeer adenovirus 1, from lung lesions of a 5-year-old male reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). This animal presented with aspiration pneumonia and necrotizing bronchiolitis following a period of clinical weakness, nasal discharge and wasting. Histopathological examination of the lung revealed large intranuclear basophilic inclusions associated with the areas of necrotizing bronchiolitis. Next generation sequencing of the lung tissue identified a novel mastadenovirus with close similarity to deer adenovirus 2 and bovine adenovirus 3. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a deer mastadenovirus associated with necrotizing bronchiolitis in captive reindeer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Dastjerdi
- Virology DepartmentAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)‐WeybridgeAddlestoneSurreyUK
| | - Sonja Jeckel
- Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldHertfordshireUK
| | - Hannah Davies
- Virology DepartmentAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)‐WeybridgeAddlestoneSurreyUK,School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
| | - Jennifer Irving
- Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldHertfordshireUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Julian Chantrey
- Veterinary Pathology and Preclinical SciencesUniversity of Liverpool Veterinary SchoolNestonUK
| | - Henny Martineau
- Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldHertfordshireUK
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldHertfordshireUK
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7
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IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION AND VIRUS CHARACTERIZATION OF SKUNK ADENOVIRUS IN NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE REVEALS MULTISYSTEMIC INFECTIONS IN A BROAD RANGE OF HOSTS. J Wildl Dis 2022; 58:356-367. [PMID: 35104340 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-21-00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Skunk adenovirus-1 (SkAdV-1) has been reported infecting several North American wildlife species; however, lesions associated with disease have not yet been completely characterized, particularly in porcupines. We describe and characterize the tissue distribution and lesions associated with SkAdV-1 infection in 24 wildlife diagnostic cases submitted between 2015 and 2020, including 16 North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum), three striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), and five raccoons (Procyon lotor), which constitute a new host species. The most common lesion in all species was severe necrotizing bronchopneumonia with (n=12) or without (n=10) interstitial involvement. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were common in respiratory epithelium (n=21) and less often in renal tubular (n=6) and biliary epithelium (n=1). Several cases (n=4) had secondary bacterial infections, including Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. In situ hybridization in porcupine (n=6), raccoon (n=1), and skunk (n=1) revealed SkAdV-1 DNA in multiple tissue types, including lung, trachea, turbinates, liver, kidney, lymph node, and brain, and multiple cell types including epithelial, endothelial, and mesothelial cells. These findings were consistent across species. Comparison of viral genomes from a porcupine and a raccoon with that originally isolated from a skunk demonstrated DNA point mutations affecting several viral genes, including the fiber protein gene. Our findings show the spectrum of disease associated with SkAdV-1 infection in a broad host range of wildlife species.
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8
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Adenovirus Hemorrhagic Disease in Moose (Alces americanus gigas) in Alaska, USA. J Wildl Dis 2021; 57:418-422. [PMID: 33822159 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-20-00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In 1993, an epizootic of adenovirus hemorrhagic disease (AHD) caused the death of at least 1,000 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in California, US. Since then, numerous cervid species throughout the US have had deaths confirmed to be caused by AHD. In 2015, the death of two captive moose (Alces americanus gigas) calves marked the first recognized AHD-caused deaths in Alaska, a state in which moose are important economically as well as for food security and cultural identity. Both cases were characterized by systemic vasculitis with endothelial cell intranuclear inclusion bodies, pulmonary edema, petechial hemorrhages, and enterotyphlocolitis.
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9
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DETECTION OF DEER ATADENOVIRUS A DNA IN DAM AND OFFSPRING PAIRS OF ROCKY MOUNTAIN MULE DEER (ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS HEMIONUS) AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELK (CERVUS CANADENSIS NELSONI). J Wildl Dis 2021; 57:313-320. [PMID: 33822152 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-20-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus hemorrhagic disease affects primarily mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni), and moose (Alces alces) in their first year of life. The method by which the causative virus, Deer atadenovirus A, is maintained in the environment and transmitted to neonates is unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential transmission of the virus from dam to offspring in Rocky Mountain mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and elk in western Wyoming, US. We sampled dams before parturition during placement of vaginal implant transmitters and at parturition and sampled neonates during capture in their first days of life. We also tested for the virus in mortalities submitted for pathologic examination and laboratory analysis. We detected viral DNA in samples from all time points tested but did not find a connection between positive dams and offspring mortalities associated with adenovirus hemorrhagic disease. Although we did not find direct evidence of transmission events between dams and offspring, asymptomatic animals shedding of Deer atadenovirus A, are a likely source of infection in neonates.
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10
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Tomaszewski E, Jennings M, Munk B, Botta R, Lewison R. Landscape Seroprevalence of Three Hemorrhagic Disease-Causing Viruses in a Wild Cervid. ECOHEALTH 2021; 18:182-193. [PMID: 34515899 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Disease plays a major role in shaping wildlife populations worldwide, and changes in landscape conditions can significantly influence risk of pathogen exposure, a threat to vulnerable wild species. Three viruses that cause hemorrhagic disease affect cervid populations in the USA (Odocoileus hemionus adenovirus, bluetongue virus, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus), but little is known of their distribution and prevalence in wild populations. We explored the distribution and co-occurrence of seroprevalence of these three pathogens in southern mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus fuliginatus), a subspecies of conservation concern and a harvested species native to southern California, to evaluate the distribution of exposure to these pathogens relative to landscape attributes. We found that habitat type, level of development, and proximity to livestock may affect hemorrhagic disease seroprevalence in southern mule deer. Continued monitoring of hemorrhagic disease-causing viruses in areas where deer are in proximity to cattle and human development is needed to better understand the implications of future outbreaks in wild populations and to identify opportunities to mitigate disease impacts in southern mule deer and other cervid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tomaszewski
- San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1416 9th St., 12th Floor, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA.
| | - Megan Jennings
- San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Brandon Munk
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1416 9th St., 12th Floor, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Randy Botta
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1416 9th St., 12th Floor, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Rebecca Lewison
- San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
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11
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FIRST REPORT OF ADENOVIRAL HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE IN THREE MULE DEER ( ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS) IN ARIZONA. J Zoo Wildl Med 2020; 51:232-235. [PMID: 32212569 DOI: 10.1638/2019-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the gross and histopathological findings of adenoviral hemorrhagic disease (AHD) in two yearling and one adult mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). These cases represent the first known outbreak of deer adenovirus (Odocoileus adenovirus 1) in Arizona. Over the span of a month, three female captive mule deer were submitted to Midwestern University's Animal Health Institute for postmortem examination. All of these deer were from the same deer farm and historical findings were similar, consisting of acute presentation of hemorrhagic diarrhea and sudden death. Grossly and histopathologically, all cases had severe pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic enteritis. Additionally, two of the three cases had low numbers of large amphophilic intranuclear inclusions expanding endothelial cells within the small intestine and lungs. Viral PCR of pooled small intestine, lung, and spleen from each of the three cases were positive for deer adenovirus and negative for blue tongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease.
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12
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Imus JK, Lehmkuhl HD, Woods LW. Resistance of colostrum-deprived domestic lambs to infection with deer adenovirus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 31:78-82. [PMID: 30541409 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718817508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven colostrum-deprived, 3-4-wk-old Rambouillet-Hampshire lambs were inoculated via the mucous membranes with deer adenovirus (DAdV) and monitored for clinical signs for 21 d post-inoculation at which time animals were euthanized and postmortem examinations were performed. Pre-inoculation and post-inoculation serum samples were tested for antibodies to DAdV, ovine adenovirus 7, bovine adenovirus 7, and goat adenovirus 1. Evidence for DAdV infection was determined by virus isolation, PCR tests, and histopathology with immunohistochemistry tests for DAdV. No clinical signs or lesions consistent with adenoviral hemorrhagic disease (AHD) in deer were seen in the lambs, and the lambs did not seroconvert to DAdV. DAdV was not detected by PCR, virus isolation, or immunohistochemistry in any of the samples tested from the lambs. A positive control deer similarly inoculated with DAdV developed fatal AHD 1 wk post-inoculation. Our colostrum-deprived lambs did not become infected when inoculated with DAdV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Imus
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Imus [nee Arnall], Woods).,National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA (Lehmkuhl)
| | - Howard D Lehmkuhl
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Imus [nee Arnall], Woods).,National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA (Lehmkuhl)
| | - Leslie W Woods
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Imus [nee Arnall], Woods).,National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA (Lehmkuhl)
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