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Omar O, Rydén L, Wamied AR, Al-Otain I, Alhawaj H, Abuohashish H, Al-Qarni F, Emanuelsson L, Johansson A, Palmquist A, Thomsen P. Molecular mechanisms of poor osseointegration in irradiated bone: In vivo study in a rat tibia model. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:1236-1251. [PMID: 38798064 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM Radiotherapy is associated with cell depletion and loss of blood supply, which are linked to compromised bone healing. However, the molecular events underlying these effects at the tissue-implant interface have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine the major molecular mediators associated with compromised osseointegration due to previous exposure to radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Titanium implants were placed in rat tibiae with or without pre-exposure to 20 Gy irradiation. Histomorphometric, biomechanical, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses were performed at 1 and 4 weeks after implantation. RESULTS The detrimental effects of irradiation were characterized by reduced bone-implant contact and removal torque. Furthermore, pre-exposure to radiation induced different molecular dysfunctions such as (i) increased expression of pro-inflammatory (Tnf) and osteoclastic (Ctsk) genes and decreased expression of the bone formation (Alpl) gene in implant-adherent cells; (ii) increased expression of bone formation (Alpl and Bglap) genes in peri-implant bone; and (iii) increased expression of pro-inflammatory (Tnf) and pro-fibrotic (Tgfb1) genes in peri-implant soft tissue. The serum levels of pro-inflammatory, bone formation and bone resorption proteins were greater in the irradiated rats. CONCLUSIONS Irradiation causes the dysregulation of multiple biological activities, among which perturbed inflammation seems to play a common role in hindering osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Omar
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Louise Rydén
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ibrahim Al-Otain
- Radiation Oncology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Alhawaj
- Department of Environmental Health Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Abuohashish
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Qarni
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lena Emanuelsson
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Johansson
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Thomsen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Campagna R, Schiavoni V, Marchetti E, Salvolini E, Frontini A, Sampalmieri F, Bambini F, Meme’ L. In Vitro Study of the Proliferation of MG63 Cells Cultured on Five Different Titanium Surfaces. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2208. [PMID: 38793273 PMCID: PMC11122938 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The use of dental implants for prosthetic rehabilitation in dentistry is based on the concept of osteointegration. This concept enables the clinical stability of the implants and a total absence of inflammatory tissue between the implant surface and the bone tissue. For this reason, it is essential to understand the role of the titanium surface in promoting and maintaining or not maintaining contact between the bone matrix and the surface of the titanium implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five types of titanium discs placed in contact with osteoblast cultures of osteosarcomas were studied. The materials had different roughness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos were taken before the in vitro culture to analyze the surfaces, and at the end of the culturing time, the different gene expressions of a broad pattern of proteins were evaluated to analyze the osteoblast response, as indicated in the scientific literature. RESULTS It was demonstrated that the responses of the osteoblasts were different in the five cultures in contact with the five titanium discs with different surfaces; in particular, the response in the production of some proteins was statistically significant. DISCUSSION The key role of titanium surfaces underlines how it is still possible to carry out increasingly accurate and targeted studies in the search for new surfaces capable of stimulating a better osteoblastic response and the long-term maintenance of osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Campagna
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (R.C.); (V.S.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Valentina Schiavoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (R.C.); (V.S.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Enrico Marchetti
- Department of Life, Health, Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Salvolini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (R.C.); (V.S.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Francesco Sampalmieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (R.C.); (V.S.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Bambini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (R.C.); (V.S.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Lucia Meme’
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (R.C.); (V.S.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
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Huang H, Yang A, Li J, Sun T, Yu S, Lu X, Guo T, Duan K, Zheng P, Weng J. Preparation of multigradient hydroxyapatite scaffolds and evaluation of their osteoinduction properties. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac001. [PMID: 35529045 PMCID: PMC9071058 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds are often used as bone repair materials, owing to their good biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and low cost. Vascularization and osteoinductivity of porous HA scaffolds were limited in clinical application, and these disadvantages were need to be improved urgently. We used water-in-oil gelation and pore former methods to prepare HA spheres and a porous cylindrical HA container, respectively. The prepared HA spheres were filled in container to assemble into composite scaffold. By adjusting the solid content of the slurry (solid mixture of chitin sol and HA powder) and the sintering temperature, the porosity and crystallinity of the HA spheres could be significantly improved; and mineralization of the HA spheres significantly improved the biological activity of the composite scaffold. The multigradient (porosity, crystallinity and mineralization) scaffold (HA-700) filled with the mineralized HA spheres exhibited a lower compressive strength; however, in vivo results showed that their vascularization ability were higher than those of other groups, and their osteogenic Gini index (Go: an index of bone mass, and inversely proportional to bone mass) showed a continuous decrease with the implantation time. This study provides a new method to improve porous HA scaffolds and meet the demands of bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 P.R. China
| | - Anchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 P.R. China
| | - Jinsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 P.R. China
| | - Tong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 P.R. China
| | - Shangke Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 P.R. China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 P.R. China
| | - Tailin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 P.R. China
| | - Ke Duan
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008 P.R. China
| | - Jie Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 P.R. China
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Hyzy SL, Olivares-Navarrete R, Ortman S, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Alters Osteogenesis and Anti-Inflammatory Profiles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by Microtextured Titanium In Vitro<sup/>. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1132-1141. [PMID: 28351289 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microtextured titanium (Ti) induces osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the absence of exogenous osteogenic factors; and high-energy surface modifications speed healing of microrough Ti implants. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is used clinically to improve peri-implant bone formation and osseointegration but can cause inflammation and bone-related complications. In this study, we determined whether BMP2 alters human MSC differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammatory factor production when grown on Ti implants with different surface properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human MSCs were cultured on Ti substrates (smooth [PT], sandblasted acid-etched [SLA], hydrophilic-SLA [modSLA]), or tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). After 7 days, inflammatory mRNAs were measured by polymerase chain reaction array. In addition, 7-day cultures were treated with exogenous BMP2 and osteogenic differentiation and production of local factors, proinflammatory interleukins, and anti-inflammatory interleukins assessed. Finally, osteogenic markers and interleukins were measured in MSCs cultured for 48 h on BMP2 dip-coated SLA and modSLA surfaces. RESULTS Expression of interleukins, chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors was affected by surface properties, particularly on modSLA. MSCs on Ti produced fewer resorptive and more osteogenic/anti-inflammatory factors than cells on TCPS. Addition of 100 ng/mL BMP2 not only increased differentiation but also increased proinflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory/antiresorptive factors. Two hundred nanograms per milliliter BMP2 abolished osteogenesis and dramatically increased pro-osteoclastogenic factors. MSCs cultured on BMP2-dip-coated disks produced similar proinflammatory profiles with inhibited osteogenic differentiation and had increased apoptotic markers at the highest doses. CONCLUSIONS MSCs underwent osteogenesis and regulated inflammatory cytokines on microtextured Ti. Exogenous BMP2 inhibited MSC differentiation and stimulated a dose-dependent proinflammatory and apoptotic response. Use of BMP2 with microtextured metal implants may increase inflammation and possibly delay bone formation dependent on dose, suggesting that application of BMP2 clinically during implant insertion may need to be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Hyzy
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sarah Ortman
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia.,3 Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
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Zhang T, Watson DG, Zhang R, Hou R, Loeffler IK, Kennedy MW. Changeover from signalling to energy-provisioning lipids during transition from colostrum to mature milk in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Sci Rep 2016; 6:36141. [PMID: 27808224 PMCID: PMC5093549 DOI: 10.1038/srep36141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the large placental mammals, ursids give birth to the most altricial neonates with the lowest neonatal:maternal body mass ratios. This is particularly exemplified by giant pandas. To examine whether there is compensation for the provision of developmentally important nutrients that other species groups may provide in utero, we examined changes in the lipids of colostrum and milk with time after birth in giant pandas. Lipids that are developmental signals or signal precursors, and those that are fundamental to nervous system construction, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and phosphatidylserines, appear early and then fall dramatically in concentration to a baseline at 20–30 days. The dynamics of lysophosphatidic acid and eicosanoids display similar patterns, but with progressive differences between mothers. Triglycerides occur at relatively low levels initially and increase in concentration until a plateau is reached at about 30 days. These patterns indicate an early provision of signalling lipids and their precursors, particularly lipids crucial to brain, retinal and central nervous system development, followed by a changeover to lipids for energy metabolism. Thus, in giant pandas, and possibly in all bears, lactation is adapted to provisioning a highly altricial neonate to a degree that suggests equivalence to an extension of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Rong Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Northern Suburb, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, P.R. China
| | - I Kati Loeffler
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Northern Suburb, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, P.R. China
| | - Malcolm W Kennedy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, and Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
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6
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Zhong ZA, Peck A, Li S, VanOss J, Snider J, Droscha CJ, Chang TA, Williams BO. (99m)TC-Methylene diphosphonate uptake at injury site correlates with osteoblast differentiation and mineralization during bone healing in mice. Bone Res 2015; 3:15013. [PMID: 26273540 PMCID: PMC4472149 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
99mTc-Methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) is widely used in clinical settings to detect bone abnormalities. However, the mechanism of 99mTc-MDP uptake in bone is not well elucidated. In this study, we utilized a mouse tibia injury model, single-photon emission computed tomography (gamma scintigraphy or SPECT), ex vivo micro-computed tomography, and histology to monitor 99mTc-MDP uptake in injury sites during skeletal healing. In an ex vivo culture system, calvarial cells were differentiated into osteoblasts with osteogenic medium, pulsed with 99mTc-MDP at different time points, and quantitated for 99mTc-MDP uptake with a gamma counter. We demonstrated that 99mTc-MDP uptake in the injury sites corresponded to osteoblast generation in those sites throughout the healing process. The 99mTc-MDP uptake within the injury sites peaked on day 7 post-injury, while the injury sites were occupied by mature osteoblasts also starting from day 7. 99mTc-MDP uptake started to decrease 14 days post-surgery, when we observed the highest level of bony tissue in the injury sites. We also found that 99mTc-MDP uptake was associated with osteoblast maturation and mineralization in vitro. This study provides direct and biological evidence for 99mTc-MDP uptake in osteoblasts during bone healing in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong A Zhong
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI, USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Musculoskeletal Health, UC Davis Medical Center , Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anderson Peck
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Shihong Li
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jeff VanOss
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - John Snider
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Casey J Droscha
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Tingtung A Chang
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Shanbhag S, Shanbhag V, Stavropoulos A. Genomic analyses of early peri-implant bone healing in humans: a systematic review. Int J Implant Dent 2015; 1:5. [PMID: 27747627 PMCID: PMC5005705 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-015-0006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of the study was to systematically review the literature for studies reporting gene expression analyses (GEA) of the biological processes involved in early human peri-implant bone healing. Methods Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE) were searched in duplicate. Controlled and uncontrolled studies reporting GEA of human peri-implant tissues - including ≥5 patients and ≥2 time points - during the first 4 weeks of healing were eligible for inclusion. Methodological quality and risk of bias were also assessed. Results Four exploratory studies were included in reporting GEA of either tissues attached to SLA or SLActive implants after 4 to 14 days or cells attached to TiOBlast or Osseospeed implants after 3 to 7 days. A total of 111 implants from 43 patients were analyzed using validated array methods; however, considerable heterogeneity and risk of bias were detected. A consistent overall pattern of gene expression was observed; genes representing an immuno-inflammatory response were overexpressed at days 3 to 4, followed by genes representing osteogenic processes at day 7. Genes representing bone remodeling, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis were expressed concomitantly with osteogenesis. Several regulators of these processes, such as cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors, and signaling pathways, were identified. Implant surface properties seemed to influence the healing processes at various stages via differential gene expression. Conclusion Limited evidence from gene expression studies in humans indicates that osteogenic processes commence within the first post-operative week and they appear influenced at various stages by implant surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Shanbhag
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Carl Gustafs väg 34, 214 21, Malmö, Sweden.,Centre for Oral Rehabilitation & Implant Dentistry, 1 Laxmi Niwas, 87 Bajaj Road, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Vivek Shanbhag
- Centre for Oral Rehabilitation & Implant Dentistry, 1 Laxmi Niwas, 87 Bajaj Road, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Carl Gustafs väg 34, 214 21, Malmö, Sweden.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective
To determine whether dental implants impress oral lesions, and to evaluate the nature of their effect on the lesions.
Materials and methods
A comprehensive search was done via Google and PubMed for articles (including case reports and literature reviews) containing the keywords ‘oral squamous cell carcinoma’ (OSCC), ‘oral lichen planus’ (OLP), ‘lichenoid contact reaction’ (LCR), ‘osseointegrated implants’, and ‘dental implants’, in the last 10 years (2002-2012).
Results
The study included 24 articles involving patients with dental implants, and some oral lesions (e.g. oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma) or with a history of lesions. In these publications, there is evidence suggesting the possibility of emergence, exacerbation, recurrence, or even malignant transformation of the oral lesions after implant placement in some cases.
Conclusion
Based on our review of the literature, implant treatment does not seem to be completely safe under any circumstances, but may have some complications in subjects with certain diseases (e.g. oral lesions, autoimmune diseases, malignancies, allergic reactions, etc.). Therefore prior to treatment, patients should be fully informed of the risks.
Clinical significance
Implant treatment is best done with caution in patients with cancer or mucocutaneous disorders.
How to cite this article
Agha-Hosseini F, Rohani B. Evaluation of the Effects of Dental Implants on Oral Lesions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):400-406.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Agha-Hosseini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Rohani
- Assistant Professor Department of Oral Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Phone: 09127201069; Fax: +9821-88410770, e-mail:
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Hiratai R, Nakamura M, Yamashita K. Role of collagen and inorganic components in electrical polarizability of bone. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:205-10. [PMID: 24141277 PMCID: PMC3982824 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) has polarization capability and is able to accumulate electrical storage in bone. Experiments were conducted to measure the polarization capability of rabbit femurs. After preparing and polarizing bone samples using 2% KOH treatment (denoted 2% koh), 2% KOH and baking (2% koh+bake) and decalcification (decalcification) as well as untreated bone (untreated), stored charges were quantitatively determined using thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) measurements. In TSDC spectra, untreated and 2% koh samples showed peaks at 100 and 500°C, while 2% koh+bake showed one peak at 580°C and decalcification one peak around 100°C. These evidences indicated that collagen and inorganic components play a major role in polarization of the bone at different temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Hiratai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Hyzy S, Olivares-Navarrete R, Hutton D, Tan C, Boyan B, Schwartz Z. Microstructured titanium regulates interleukin production by osteoblasts, an effect modulated by exogenous BMP-2. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:5821-9. [PMID: 23123301 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Microtextured implant surfaces increase osteoblast differentiation in vitro and enhance bone-to-implant contact in vivo and clinically. These implants may be used in combination with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) to enhance peri-implant bone formation. However, the effect of surface modifications alone or in combination with rhBMP-2 on the osteoblast-produced inflammatory microenvironment is unknown. MG63 cells were cultured on tissue culture polystyrene or titanium substrates: smooth pretreated (PT, Ra=0.2μm), sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA, Ra=3.2μm) or hydrophilic-SLA (modSLA). Expression and protein production of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL1b, IL6, IL8, IL17) and anti-inflammatory interleukins (IL10) were measured in cells with or without rhBMP-2. To determine which BMP signaling pathways were involved, cultures were incubated with BMP pathway inhibitors to blockSmad (dorsomorphin), TAB/TAK1 ((5Z)-7-oxozeaenol) or PKA (H-8) signaling. Culture on rough SLA and modSLA surfaces decreased pro-inflammatory interleukins and increased anti-inflammatory IL10. This effect was negated in cells treated with rhBMP-2, which caused an increase in pro-inflammatory interleukins and a decrease in anti-inflammatory interleukins through TAB/TAK signaling. The results suggest that surface microtexture modulates the inflammatory process during osseointegration, an effect that may enhance healing. However, rhBMP-2 in combination with microtextured titanium implants can influence the effect of cells on these surfaces, and may adversely affect cells involved in osseointegration.
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Ciancaglini P, Simão AMS, Bolean M, Millán JL, Rigos CF, Yoneda JS, Colhone MC, Stabeli RG. Proteoliposomes in nanobiotechnology. Biophys Rev 2012; 4:67-81. [PMID: 28510001 PMCID: PMC5418368 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-011-0065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoliposomes are systems that mimic lipid membranes (liposomes) to which a protein has been incorporated or inserted. During the last decade, these systems have gained prominence as tools for biophysical studies on lipid-protein interactions as well as for their biotechnological applications. Proteoliposomes have a major advantage when compared with natural membrane systems, since they can be obtained with a smaller number of lipidic (and protein) components, facilitating the design and interpretation of certain experiments. However, they have the disadvantage of requiring methodological standardization for incorporation of each specific protein, and the need to verify that the reconstitution procedure has yielded the correct orientation of the protein in the proteoliposome system with recovery of its functional activity. In this review, we chose two proteins under study in our laboratory to exemplify the steps necessary for the standardization of the reconstitution of membrane proteins in liposome systems: (1) alkaline phosphatase, a protein with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, and (2) Na,K-ATPase, an integral membrane protein. In these examples, we focus on the production of the specific proteoliposomes, as well as on their biochemical and biophysical characterization, with emphasis on studies of lipid-protein interactions. We conclude the chapter by highlighting current prospects of this technology for biotechnological applications, including the construction of nanosensors and of a multi-protein nanovesicular biomimetic to study the processes of initiation of skeletal mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ciancaglini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo - USP, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - A M S Simão
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo - USP, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M Bolean
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo - USP, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J L Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford - Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C F Rigos
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo - USP, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J S Yoneda
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo - USP, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M C Colhone
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo - USP, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - R G Stabeli
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Medicina, Núcleo de Saúde (NUSAU), Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), 76800-000, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Rondonia), Ministério da Saúde, 76812-245, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
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12
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Querido W, Abraçado LG, Rossi AL, Campos APC, Rossi AM, San Gil RAS, Borojevic R, Balduino A, Farina M. Ultrastructural and mineral phase characterization of the bone-like matrix assembled in F-OST osteoblast cultures. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 89:358-71. [PMID: 21901516 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell cultures are often used to study bone mineralization; however, not all systems achieve a bone-like matrix formation. In this study, the mineralized matrix assembled in F-OST osteoblast cultures was analyzed, with the aim of establishing a novel model for bone mineralization. The ultrastructure of the cultures was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mineral phase was characterized using conventional and high-resolution TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state (31)P and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance. F-OST osteoblast cultures presented a clear nodular mineralization pattern. The chief features of the mineralizing nodules were globular accretions ranging from about 100 nm to 1.5 μm in diameter, loaded with needle-shaped crystallites. Accretions seemed to bud from the cell membrane, increase in size, and coalesce into larger ones. Arrays of loosely packed, randomly oriented collagen fibrils were seen along with the accretions. Mineralized fibrils were often observed, sometimes in close association with accretions. The mineral phase was characterized as a poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite. The Ca/P atomic ratio was 1.49 ± 0.06. The presence of OH was evident. The lattice parameters were a = 9.435 Å and c = 6.860 Å. The average crystallite size was 20 nm long and 10 nm wide. Carbonate substitutions were seen in phosphate and OH sites. Water was also found within the apatitic core. In conclusion, F-OST osteoblast cultures produce a bone-like matrix and may provide a good model for bone mineralization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Querido
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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13
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Özçakır-Tomruk C, Chiquet M, Mericske-Stern R. Tenascin-C and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in crevicular fluid of teeth and implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2011; 14:672-81. [PMID: 21429069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2010.00319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of and interaction between bacterial infection and biomechanical impact in the development of peri-implant inflammatory processes is not clear. OBJECTIVE To determine the amount and concentration of tenascin-C (TNC) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) around teeth and in peri-implant sulcus fluid from healthy implants and implants with peri-implantitis, and to correlate it with matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven control individuals and 18 patients with 41 implants with/without peri-implantitis were included. GCF was collected with filter strips and volumes were measured with a Periotron device. The amount of serum albumin per sample was quantified by densitometric analysis of Coomassie-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Relative activity of MMP-9 was determined from the densitometry of zymograms. Amounts and concentrations of TNC were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS Relative MMP-9 activity was increased in peri-implantitis. A tendency was observed to measure higher TNC concentrations at teeth than at implants. The amount of TNC in GCF collected from healthy implant sites and the peri-implantitis sites was significantly different. Based on immunoblotting, TNC in GCF seemed degraded. In contrast to TNC, MMP-9 was significantly related to the PD and the volume of GCF. CONCLUSION TNC is known to be induced in inflammation. The increase found in peri-implantitis was less than expected. In the context of peri-implantitis, TNC might be a marker of bone remodelling rather than inflammation and infection. A possible proteolytic degradation of TNC during peri-implantitis needs to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Özçakır-Tomruk
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Simão AMS, Yadav MC, Ciancaglini P, Millán JL. Proteoliposomes as matrix vesicles' biomimetics to study the initiation of skeletal mineralization. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:234-41. [PMID: 20401430 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the process of endochondral bone formation, chondrocytes and osteoblasts mineralize their extracellular matrix by promoting the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) seed crystals in the sheltered interior of membrane-limited matrix vesicles (MVs). Ion transporters control the availability of phosphate and calcium needed for HA deposition. The lipidic microenvironment in which MV-associated enzymes and transporters function plays a crucial physiological role and must be taken into account when attempting to elucidate their interplay during the initiation of biomineralization. In this short mini-review, we discuss the potential use of proteoliposome systems as chondrocyte- and osteoblast-derived MVs biomimetics, as a means of reconstituting a phospholipid microenvironment in a manner that recapitulates the native functional MV microenvironment. Such a system can be used to elucidate the interplay of MV enzymes during catalysis of biomineralization substrates and in modulating in vitro calcification. As such, the enzymatic defects associated with disease-causing mutations in MV enzymes could be studied in an artificial vesicular environment that better mimics their in vivo biological milieu. These artificial systems could also be used for the screening of small molecule compounds able to modulate the activity of MV enzymes for potential therapeutic uses. Such a nanovesicular system could also prove useful for the repair/treatment of craniofacial and other skeletal defects and to facilitate the mineralization of titanium-based tooth implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M S Simão
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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15
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Isaacson BM, Bloebaum RD. Bone bioelectricity: What have we learned in the past 160 years? J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:1270-9. [PMID: 20878899 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Simão AMS, Yadav MC, Narisawa S, Bolean M, Pizauro JM, Hoylaerts MF, Ciancaglini P, Millán JL. Proteoliposomes harboring alkaline phosphatase and nucleotide pyrophosphatase as matrix vesicle biomimetics. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:7598-609. [PMID: 20048161 PMCID: PMC2844207 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.079830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have established a proteoliposome system as an osteoblast-derived matrix vesicle (MV) biomimetic to facilitate the study of the interplay of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and NPP1 (nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1) during catalysis of biomineralization substrates. First, we studied the incorporation of TNAP into liposomes of various lipid compositions (i.e. in pure dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), DPPC/dipalmitoyl phosphatidylserine (9:1 and 8:2), and DPPC/dioctadecyl-dimethylammonium bromide (9:1 and 8:2) mixtures. TNAP reconstitution proved virtually complete in DPPC liposomes. Next, proteoliposomes containing either recombinant TNAP, recombinant NPP1, or both together were reconstituted in DPPC, and the hydrolysis of ATP, ADP, AMP, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), p-nitrophenyl phosphate, p-nitrophenylthymidine 5'-monophosphate, and PP(i) by these proteoliposomes was studied at physiological pH. p-Nitrophenylthymidine 5'-monophosphate and PLP were exclusively hydrolyzed by NPP1-containing and TNAP-containing proteoliposomes, respectively. In contrast, ATP, ADP, AMP, PLP, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, and PP(i) were hydrolyzed by TNAP-, NPP1-, and TNAP plus NPP1-containing proteoliposomes. NPP1 plus TNAP additively hydrolyzed ATP, but TNAP appeared more active in AMP formation than NPP1. Hydrolysis of PP(i) by TNAP-, and TNAP plus NPP1-containing proteoliposomes occurred with catalytic efficiencies and mild cooperativity, effects comparable with those manifested by murine osteoblast-derived MVs. The reconstitution of TNAP and NPP1 into proteoliposome membranes generates a phospholipid microenvironment that allows the kinetic study of phosphosubstrate catabolism in a manner that recapitulates the native MV microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria S. Simão
- From the Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-901, Brazil
- the Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Manisha C. Yadav
- the Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- the Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Mayte Bolean
- From the Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Joao Martins Pizauro
- the Department of Technology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal SP 14884-900, Brazil, and
| | - Marc F. Hoylaerts
- the Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037
- the Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- From the Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-901, Brazil
- the Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - José Luis Millán
- the Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037
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17
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Fisher M, Hyzy S, Guldberg RE, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Regeneration of bone marrow after tibial ablation in immunocompromised rats is age dependent. Bone 2010; 46:396-401. [PMID: 19800046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Injuries to the marrow cavity result in rapid endosteal bone formation followed by remodeling and regeneration of the marrow. It is not known whether this process is affected by age, although marrow quality is markedly different in young and old animals. To test if marrow regeneration differs with age, we used a bone marrow ablation model that has been used to examine calcification, osteointegration of metal implants, and remodeling of bone graft substitutes. Marrow was ablated in the left tibia of seven immunocompromised rats (rNu/rNu) per time point. At 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days post-surgery, treated and contralateral tibias were harvested and fixed in buffered formalin. Both tibias were scanned using microCT and trabecular and cortical BVF calculated. Mid-sagittal histological sections of the treated limbs were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and BV/TV calculated. MicroCT and histomorphometry showed the greatest increase in bone formation was in young animals and was seen on day 7. Remodeling also occurred at an earlier time point in young rats. Bone formation peaked on day 7 in adult rats, but remodeling was slower than in young rats. Aged animals showed a delay in bone formation. Moreover, aged rats produced less primary bone than younger animals and remodeling was initiated later. These results show that response to injury in immunocompromised rats is reduced in aging and restoration of normal tissue quality is age-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Fisher
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
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18
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Role of phosphatidyl-serine in bone repair and its technological exploitation. Molecules 2009; 14:5367-81. [PMID: 20032899 PMCID: PMC6254796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14125367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1970s, morphological evidence collected by electron microscopy linked mineral deposition (“calcification” or “mineralization”) in newly-forming bone to membrane-encapsulated particles of a diameter of approximately 100 nm (50–200 nm) that were called “matrix vesiscles”. As the characterisation of these vesicles progressed towards their biochemical composition, the role of lipids in the biomineralization process appeared to be crucial. In particular, a group of cell-membrane phospholipids were identified as major players in the crystal formation process. Indeed, in the 1980s it became clear that phosphatidylserine, together with proteins of the annexin family, was among the most important molecules in binding calcium ions and that this phospholipid was involved in the regulation of the early stages of mineralization in vivo. During the same period of time, the number of surgical implantations of orthopaedic, dental and maxilo-facial devices requiring full integration with the treated bone prompted the study of new functionalisation molecules able to establish a stable bonding with the mineral phase of the host tissue. In the late 1990s studies started that aimed at exploiting the potential of calcium-binding phospholipids and, in particular, of the phosphatidylserine as functionalisation molecules to improve the osteointegration of artificial implants. Later, papers have been published that show the potential of the phophatidylserine and phosphatidylserine-mimicking coating technology to promote calcification both in vitro and in vivo. The promising results support the future clinical application of these novel osteointegrative biomaterials.
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19
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The use of osseointegration and rare earth magnetic coupling for oculofacial prosthesis retention in the exenterated orbit. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2009; 20:412-6. [DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e32832d2df4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Racquel Zapanta LeGeros
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, USA.
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21
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Roles of bone scintigraphy and resonance frequency analysis in evaluating osseointegration of endosseous implant. Biomaterials 2008; 29:461-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Eriksson C, Ohlson K, Richter K, Billerdahl N, Johansson M, Nygren H. Callus formation and remodeling at titanium implants. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 83:1062-1069. [PMID: 17584899 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Titanium is biocompatible with bone tissue, and during the healing process bone makes intimate contact with the implant surface. Although much is known about the long-term healing of implants, less is known about the callus formation at implants. In this study, the histology of bone healing was studied during the period between 4 and 14 days. Incisions were made in rat tibia. Some incisions were simply left to heal, while in others titanium discs were implanted. Smooth implants as well as implants with different porosities were used. After 4, 7, and 14 days of healing, the sites of bone incisions were retrieved, decalcified, sectioned, and stained. The aim was to compare normal fracture healing with implant healing and to see whether implant properties influenced the short-term healing process. Similarities between fracture healing and implant healing were evident. In both cases, inflammation, soft and hard callus formation, and remodeling had taken place during the period investigated. Between 7 and 14 days substantial bone resorption occurred around the implants. While after 14 days the marrow was almost completely reconstituted during normal wound healing, at the implants a thin layer of bone remained in close contact with the surface. Results from bone-implant contact measurements indicate that the surface properties of the implants do not have a significant influence on the early bone formation, since there were no significant differences between the smooth surface and any of the porous surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Eriksson
- Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Box 420, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karin Ohlson
- Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Box 420, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Katrin Richter
- Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Box 420, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Håkan Nygren
- Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Box 420, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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23
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Joos U, Wiesmann HP, Szuwart T, Meyer U. Mineralization at the interface of implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 35:783-90. [PMID: 16697141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2006.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Osseointegration of implants is crucial for the long-term success of oral implants. Mineralization of the bone's extracellular matrix as the ultimate step of a mature bone formation is closely related to implant osseointegration. Osteogenesis at oral implants is a complex process, driven by cellular and acellular phenomena. The biological process of the maintenance and emergence of minerals in the vicinity of oral implants is influenced to a great extent by biophysical parameters. Implant-related structural and functional factors, as well as patient-specific factors, govern the features of osteogenesis. To understand the influence of these factors in peri-implant bone mineralization, it is important to consider the basic biological processes. Biological and crystallographic investigations have to be applied to evaluate mineralization at implant surfaces at the different hierarchical levels of analysis. This review gives insight into the complex theme of mineral formation around implants. Special focus is given to new developments in implant design and loading protocols aimed at accelerating osseointegration of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Joos
- Clinic for Cranio-, Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Münster, Germany.
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24
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Ciancaglini P, Simão AMS, Camolezi FL, Millán JL, Pizauro JM. Contribution of matrix vesicles and alkaline phosphatase to ectopic bone formation. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:603-10. [PMID: 16648897 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endochondral calcification involves the participation of matrix vesicles (MVs), but it remains unclear whether calcification ectopically induced by implants of demineralized bone matrix also proceeds via MVs. Ectopic bone formation was induced by implanting rat demineralized diaphyseal bone matrix into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats and was examined histologically and biochemically. Budding of MVs from chondrocytes was observed to serve as nucleation sites for mineralization during induced ectopic osteogenesis, presenting a diameter with Gaussian distribution with a median of 306 +/- 103 nm. While the role of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) during mineralization involves hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), it is unclear how the microenvironment of MV may affect the ability of TNAP to hydrolyze the variety of substrates present at sites of mineralization. We show that the implants contain high levels of TNAP capable of hydrolyzing p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP), ATP and PPi. The catalytic properties of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored, polidocanol-solubilized and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-released TNAP were compared using pNPP, ATP and PPi as substrates. While the enzymatic efficiency (k cat/Km) remained comparable between polidocanol-solubilized and membrane-bound TNAP for all three substrates, the k cat/Km for the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-solubilized enzyme increased approximately 108-, 56-, and 556-fold for pNPP, ATP and PPi, respectively, compared to the membrane-bound enzyme. Our data are consistent with the involvement of MVs during ectopic calcification and also suggest that the location of TNAP on the membrane of MVs may play a role in determining substrate selectivity in this micro-compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ciancaglini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
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25
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Bosetti M, Lloyd AW, Santin M, Denyer SP, Cannas M. Effects of phosphatidylserine coatings on titanium on inflammatory cells and cell-induced mineralisation in vitro. Biomaterials 2005; 26:7572-8. [PMID: 16005956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ideally an active bone biomaterial should increase the mineralisation rate at the bone healing sites, keeping at the same time the inflammation process to levels required for tissue regeneration. Our studies suggest that in addition to improving the nucleation process for new bone formation, coating titanium with phospholipids may reduce the inflammatory response, which was shown to vary depending on the formulation employed. As phosphatidylserine reduced the inflammatory response to the greatest extent, in the second part of this study we examined its effect on osteoblast mineralisation. These studies demonstrated that phosphatidylserine improves the nucleation process for bone formation, by promoting the formation of bone-like tissue, so the high mineralisation potential of phosphatidylserine-coated titanium, together with the lower level of inflammatory response, supports the further development of this technology for coating osteointegrative devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bosetti
- Department of Chemical, Alimentar and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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26
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Tenenbaum HC, Tenenbaum H, Zohar R. Future treatment and diagnostic strategies for periodontal diseases. Dent Clin North Am 2005; 49:677-94, viii. [PMID: 15978247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many new technologies have been developed or are being developed that could enhance the ability to diagnose, predict, and treat periodontitis. Newer treatment strategies may allow clinicians to achieve limited or more robust regeneration of the periodontium. New or refreshed approaches to disease control are being pursued that will benefit those suffering from chronic periodontal disease. In addition to novel therapeutics, there has been increasing focus on the development of more sensitive and specific diagnostic tests for periodontal diseases. Such tests will allow the clinician to determine whether a patient has active disease and what sort of attachment loss might be expected if the patient is not treated. By developing newer diagnostic tests, it also may be possible to detect and monitor active disease during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard C Tenenbaum
- Discipline of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Suite 349C, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6
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27
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Goto Y, Matsuura T, Daigo Y, Sato H. Differential Gene Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 and -13 during Mineralization of MC3T3-E1 Cells Cultured on Titanium Implant Material. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2005. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.14.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Lossdörfer S, Schwartz Z, Lohmann CH, Greenspan DC, Ranly DM, Boyan BD. Osteoblast response to bioactive glasses in vitro correlates with inorganic phosphate content. Biomaterials 2004; 25:2547-55. [PMID: 14751740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is a physiological regulator of osteoblasts and chondrocytes, suggesting that phosphate may contribute to the biological response of these cells to bioactive glasses like Bioglass 45S5, which is composed of 45% SiO2, 24.5% CaO, 24.5% Na2O, and 6% P2O5. We investigated the effect of varying the Pi content of bioactive glass disks (0%, 3%, 6% and 12% P2O5) using human osteoblast-like MG63 cells as the model. Cell number on 6% Pi disks was comparable to cultures on tissue culture plastic, but was reduced at higher and lower Pi concentrations. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity of isolated cells and cell layer lysates, as well as PGE2, TGF-beta1 and NO levels in conditioned media, were elevated in cultures grown on bioactive glass and varied with the Pi content. The greatest effects were observed in cultures grown on disks with the lowest Pi concentrations. Thus, growth on the bioactive glasses enhances cell function in comparison with tissue culture plastic and lower Pi content favors osteoblast differentiation.
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29
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Itälä A, Välimäki VV, Kiviranta R, Ylänen HO, Hupa M, Vuorio E, Aro HT. Molecular biologic comparison of new bone formation and resorption on microrough and smooth bioactive glass microspheres. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2003; 65:163-70. [PMID: 12632386 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.10529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In a recent in vitro study, chemical microroughening of a bioactive glass surface was shown to enhance attachment of MG-63 osteoblastic cells to glass. The current study was designed to delineate the effects of microroughening on the gene expression patterns of bone markers during osteogenesis and new bone remodeling on bioactive glass surface in vivo. With the use of a rat model of paired comparison, a portion of the medullary canal in the proximal tibia was evacuated through cortical windows and filled with microroughened or smooth bioactive glass microspheres. The primary bone-healing response and subsequent remodeling were analyzed at 1, 2, and 8 weeks, respectively, by radiography, pQCT, histomorphometry, BEI-SEM, and molecular biologic analyses. The expression of various genes for bone matrix components (type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin) and proteolytic enzymes (cathepsin K, MMP-9) were determined by Northern analysis of the respective mRNAs. Paired comparison showed significant differences in the mRNAs levels for specific bone matrix components at 2 weeks: osteopontin was significantly higher (p =.01) and osteonectin significantly lower (p =.05) in bones filled with microroughened microspheres than in those filled with smooth microspheres. Bones filled with microrough microspheres also showed significantly increased ratios of cathepsin K and MMP-9 (both markers of osteoclastic resorption) to type I collagen (p =.02 and p =.02, respectively) at 2 weeks and a significantly increased expression of MMP-9 at 8 weeks (p =.05). The pQCT, histomorphometric, and BEI-SEM analyses revealed no significant differences in the pattern of bone-healing response. Based on these results, microroughening of a bioactive glass surface could trigger temporal changes in the expression of specific genes especially by promoting the resorption part of new bone-remodeling processes. Future studies are needed to evaluate if the observed changes of gene expression are directly related to the microrough surface of any biomaterial or are biomaterial specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Itälä
- Department of Surgery, University of Turku, Kiinanmyllynkatu 4-8, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Ierardi DF, Pizauro JM, Ciancaglini P. Erythrocyte ghost cell-alkaline phosphatase: construction and characterization of a vesicular system for use in biomineralization studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1567:183-92. [PMID: 12488052 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(02)00615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase is required for the mineralization of bone and cartilage. This enzyme is localized in the matrix vesicle, which plays a role key in calcifying cartilage. In this paper we standardize a method to construction a resealed ghost cell-alkaline phosphatase system to mimic matrix vesicles and examine the kinetic behavior of the incorporated enzyme. Polidocanol-solubilized alkaline phosphatase, free of detergent, was incorporated into resealed ghost cells. This process was time-dependent and practically 50% of the enzyme was incorporated into the vesicles in 40 h of incubation, at 25 degrees C. Alkaline phosphatase-ghost cell systems were relatively homogeneous with diameters of about 300 nm and were more stable when stored at -20 degrees C. Alkaline phosphatase was completely released from the resealed ghost cell-system using only phospholipase C. These experiments confirm that the interaction between alkaline phosphatase and the lipid bilayer of resealed ghost cell is exclusively via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of the enzyme. An important point shown is that an enzyme bound to resealed ghost cell does not lose the ability to hydrolyze ATP, pyrophosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP), but the presence of a ghost membrane, as a support of the enzyme, affects its kinetic properties. Moreover, calcium ions stimulate and phosphate ions inhibit the PNPPase activity of alkaline phosphatase present in resealed ghost cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Ierardi
- Departamento de Qui;mica, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Avenida Bandeirantes 3.900, 14040-901 SP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Pizauro Junior JM, Ciancaglini P, Macari M. Discondroplasia tibial: mecanismos de lesão e controle. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2002000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A discondroplasia tibial (DT) é atribuída a uma assincronia no processo de diferenciação dos condrócitos, levando à formação de uma camada de condrócitos pré-hipertróficos e de uma cartilagem na tíbia proximal que não é calcificada, mas é resistente à invasão vascular. Além disso, tem sido proposto que, na discondroplasia tíbial, a etapa final do processo de calcificação não ocorre devido ao fato de que os efetores de alguns genes, relacionados com o mecanismo de calcificação do disco de crescimento podem apresentar algumas de suas propriedades químicas ou biológicas alteradas e/ou não serem expressos. Nesse sentido, a compreensão do mecanismo de ação e o papel das biomoléculas e dos minerais relacionados com a discondroplasia tibial poderão contribuir para o conhecimento de doenças do tecido ósseo e estabelecer estratégias de prevenção e tratamento.
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