1
|
Sajovic J, Drevenšek G, Plut A, Eberlinc A, Kosmač Vrabec M, Setnikar Lesjak A, Selič Zupančič P, Drevenšek M. Beyond the face: An interdisciplinary evaluation of satisfaction with appearance in young people with orofacial clefts. iScience 2024; 27:110738. [PMID: 39290840 PMCID: PMC11406071 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital anomaly of the face, and they significantly affect appearance. The combined effects of demographics, psychology, neurophysiology, and cleft characteristics to explain satisfaction with appearance in young people with a cleft have not yet been comprehensively studied in an interdisciplinary manner. We found that interpersonal difficulties, age, and conscientiousness were significant explanatory factors for satisfaction with appearance (tinterpersonal difficulties = -3.022, p = 0.006; tage = -3.563, p = 0.016; tconscientiousness = 4.161, p = 0.003); the model explained 50% of variance in satisfaction with appearance (R2 Adjusted = 0.504, Fvs. constant = 4.05, p = 0.00117). Furthermore, frontal alpha asymmetry was complexly intertwined with other variables, affecting the overall accuracy of the model, but explaining only 10.5% of variance in satisfaction with appearance when used as a factor alone. The results show that an interdisciplinary approach can substantially expand our understanding of the factors influencing self-perception in young people with orofacial clefts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Sajovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gorazd Drevenšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alja Plut
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Eberlinc
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manca Kosmač Vrabec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Anina Setnikar Lesjak
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Selič Zupančič
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Martina Drevenšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruiz-Guillén A, González-Olmo MJ, Castañeda-López E, Romero-Maroto M, Peñacoba-Puente C. Looking at the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and/or Palate through Neuroticism and Emotional Regulation Strategies: A Case-Controlled Observational Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3033. [PMID: 38892744 PMCID: PMC11172418 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are at an increased risk of developing emotional disorders. This study aims to explore this question in greater depth by addressing three objectives: (1) the presence of neuroticism as an indicator of emotional symptomatology, (2) the use of adaptive and non-adaptive emotional regulation strategies, and (3) the relationship between these strategies and neuroticism. Methods: A case-control correlational methodology was employed, with 60 children and adolescents with CL/P (mean age = 12.80 years; 33 females) and 60 non-clinical equivalent children and adolescents. Results: The CL/P group has higher scores on neuroticism (t = -7.74; p ≤ 0.001, d Cohen = 1.43) and lower scores in almost all emotional regulation strategies. The presence of CL/P moderated the relationship between neuroticism and self-blame (Beta = -0.46, t = -2.81, p = 0.005), rumination (Beta = -0.49, t = -3.73, p < 0.001), catastrophizing (Beta = -0.61, t = -4.26, p < 0.001), and blaming others (Beta = -0.45, t = -2.84, p = 0.005). This model predicted a significant variance of neuroticism (all p < 0.005), which ranged from 39% to 41%. Conclusions: The CL/P group has worse mental health indicators. Particularly novel results about the CL/P group are the lower scores on regulation strategies (both adaptive and non-adaptive) and the fact that non-adaptive strategies contribute, contrary to their effect in the general population, to a decrease in neuroticism. It supports the need to incorporate mental health indicators in the diagnosis and treatment of children and adolescents with CL/P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruiz-Guillén
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain;
| | - María José González-Olmo
- Department of Orthodontics, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.J.G.-O.); (M.R.-M.)
| | - Esther Castañeda-López
- Department of Psychology, ESCUNI (Centro Universitario de Educación), 28047 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Martín Romero-Maroto
- Department of Orthodontics, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.J.G.-O.); (M.R.-M.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Branson EK, Branson VM, McGrath R, Rausa VC, Kilpatrick N, Crowe LM. Psychological and Peer Difficulties of Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; 61:258-270. [PMID: 36082954 DOI: 10.1177/10556656221125377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine if children born with cleft lip and/or palate are at increased risk of psychological and peer difficulties, and if so, which difficulties they develop. METHODS EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched for English language studies published between January 2005 and January 2022 which investigated the psychological outcomes and peer function of children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. Outcomes included internalizing problems, such as anxiety and depression, externalizing problems, such as hyperactivity, conduct disorders, self-concept including self-image and self-esteem, peer problems, resilience, coping, and overall psychological function. A risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random effects models were used in the meta-analysis to compare the outcomes for children born with a cleft and those without. RESULTS In total 41 studies met inclusion criteria, with 9 included in the meta-analysis. Children born with a cleft appear to have similar psychological outcomes compared to normative controls when using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. There are some minor differences between self-report and parent report, with parents generally reporting that their child with a cleft has increased emotional, conduct, and hyperactivity problems. The small differences between the study cohort and control cohorts are unlikely to imply any differences on a clinical level. CONCLUSIONS Overall psychological outcomes appear to be similar between children born with a cleft and the nonaffected population, however, some symptoms such as anxiety and depression appear higher in children with cleft lip and/or palate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Branson
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria M Branson
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Roisin McGrath
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa C Rausa
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicky Kilpatrick
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Dentistry, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise M Crowe
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Psychology Service, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Branson EK, Collins B, McGrath R, Anderson V, Kilpatrick N, Crowe LM. The impact of COVID-19 on the well-being of Victorian children born with cleft lip and/or palate. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024; 27:110-117. [PMID: 37501526 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A longitudinal cohort study was established to investigate the well-being of children born with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) during the COVID-19 pandemic, in Victoria, Australia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Royal Children's Hospital cleft service database was used to identify children aged between 4 and 17 years old born with an isolated CL/P. Families of eligible children who consented to participate were asked to complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) between October and December 2020 and again 6-month later. SDQ results from typically developing Australian children during the COVID-19 pandemic were utilized from a previously published study. RESULTS 63 parents completed the baseline questionnaire, with 44 completing the 6-month follow-up. For participants at baseline, the mean age was 8.9 years, with 55% male. All outcome domains of the SDQ improved between baseline and timepoint 2, with the difference in total difficulties scores being statistically significant, indicating a reduction in total difficulties at timepoint 2, associated with the easing of COVID-19 restrictions. When compared with the Australian population during the COVID-19 pandemic, Victorian children born with CL/P had lower SDQ scores for all difficulties outcome domains, with statistically significant results for conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems and total difficulties, indicating fewer difficulties for children born with CL/P. CONCLUSIONS Children born with CL/P experienced fewer difficulties when compared with the typically developing Australian population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The level of restrictions imposed because of the pandemic also had little influence on the well-being of these children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E K Branson
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B Collins
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R McGrath
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - V Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Psychology Service, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Kilpatrick
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Dentistry, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L M Crowe
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Psychology Service, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|