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Tehrani H, Mahdizadeh M, Peyman N, Gholian-Aval M, Charoghchian Khorasani E, Jafari A. Exploration factors on smoking among female adolescents based on the viewpoints of Iranian adolescent girls. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:203. [PMID: 35650621 PMCID: PMC9158312 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the prevalence of smoking in women has increased significantly. This study aimed to explain the effective factors in the tendency to smoke in female adolescents, employing a qualitative method of content analysis in Mashhad, Iran. Methods The data for this conventional content analysis were obtained by conducting semi‑structured interviews with 20 female adolescent smokers. For open coding, integrating codes, creating main category and subcategories, and extracting quotation associated with codes and subcategories, MAXQDA software version 10 was used. Results Based on the results of the study, one main category and six subcategories were identified to influence the decision to smoke. The main category was interconnection of psychological and gender experiences. The subcategories included self-management weakness, ignoring the side effects, gender orientation, negative psychological experiences, the attraction of cigarettes, and positive psychological experiences. Conclusion Psychological and gender factors play an important role in initiating people's behavior and tendency to smoke and smoking prevention programs in educational settings need to focus efforts around what is known about young women smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Tehrani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nooshin Peyman
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholian-Aval
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Charoghchian Khorasani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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Socio-environmental and psychosocial predictors of smoking susceptibility among adolescents with contrasting socio-cultural characteristics: a comparative analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2240. [PMID: 34886840 PMCID: PMC8662882 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a steady decline in adolescent smoking globally, it remains a prevalent risk factor for non-communicable disease. Previous research points to differences in socio-environmental and psychosocial risk factors for smoking and how they vary across different settings with disparate social and cultural characteristics. As a result, smoking rates have remained disproportionately higher in some settings while decreasing in others. This study explored the socio-environmental and psychosocial risk factors for smoking susceptibility in a high-income and upper-middle income setting. METHODS Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1,573 male and female adolescents aged 11-15 years who completed self-administered questionnaires in schools in Northern Ireland and Bogotá, Colombia. Using logistic regression analysis, we examined how socio-environmental and psychosocial predictors of smoking susceptibility compared across the two countries. RESULTS In Northern Ireland, reduced odds of smoking susceptibility were significantly associated with less family smoking (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.41-1.00); having access to information about smoking in school (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59-0.96); negative attitudes towards smoking (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.23-0.51); higher levels of openness (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50-0.69); and higher levels of self-reported wellbeing (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44-0.74). Increased odds of smoking susceptibility were associated with reporting less smoking of a mother (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.06-1.76); higher levels of extraversion (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04-1.90); and receiving pocket money (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06-1.37). In Bogotá, reduced odds of smoking susceptibility were significantly associated with reporting less smoking among friends (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76-0.98); higher levels of self-efficacy (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40-0.83); greater perceived behavioural control to quit smoking (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56-0.90); and lower levels of truancy (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.52-0.92). In Bogotá, no factors were associated with increased odds of smoking susceptibility in the final model. CONCLUSIONS The findings illustrate that there were differences in predictors of adolescent smoking susceptibility across the two settings. By using a comparative approach we demonstrate that smoking interventions and policies must be sensitive to the cultural and normative context within which they are implemented.
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Osuh ME, Fagbule OF, Olatunji YD. Prevalence and predictors of susceptibility and future intention to smoke cigarettes among school-going adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 37:230. [PMID: 33520069 PMCID: PMC7821788 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.230.24174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction the tobacco control interventions targeted at preventing the initiation of tobacco habits are crucial to effective control of tobacco use among adolescents. An understanding of the predictors of smoking susceptibility and future intention to smoke is important in developing effective intervention programmes. This study, therefore, assessed the prevalence and predictors of susceptibility and future intention to smoke cigarettes among school-going adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods a cross-sectional study among 830 school-going, non-smoking adolescents, who were randomly selected from 18 secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. Using a self-administered, structured questionnaire, information on socio-demography, tobacco attitudes and habits were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results the prevalence of susceptibility and future intention to smoke cigarette were 25.9% and 6.3%, respectively. Predictors of susceptibility were low social-class (aOR:1.68; 95%CI:1.01-2.80); cigarette sale near schools (aOR:2.04; 95%CI:1.16-3.61); poor attitude (aOR:1.93; 95%CI:1.29-2.89); no harm-perception to smoking (aOR:3.55; 95%CI:2.13-5.92), exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) (aOR:2.31; 95%CI:1.52-3.50) and perceived safety of short-term smoking (aOR:1.59; 95%CI:1.02-2.44). Predictors of future intention to smoke were: ever-tobacco smoking (aOR:2.05; 95%CI:1.003-4.170); cigarette sale near schools (aOR:1.79; 95%CI:1.09-2.94); poor attitude (aOR:1.95; 95%CI:1.31-2.88), no harm perception to smoking (aOR:3.87; 95%CI:2.38-6.31), exposure to SHS (aOR:2.45; 95%CI:1.64-3.67) and perceived safety of short-term smoking (aOR:1.59; 95%CI:1.05-2.44). Conclusion a significant proportion of the population had high susceptibility to smoke as well as high future intention to smoke. Sales of cigarettes near schools, poor attitude and poor perception about the harm from smoking and exposure to SHS were important predictors of both susceptibility and future intention to smoke among respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ebelechukwu Osuh
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Omotayo Francis Fagbule
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Cephas Health Research Initiative Incorporated (CEPHAS), Ibadan, Nigeria
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Kim EM, Park E, Kim H. Sex Differences in Multilevel Factors of Smoking Experimentation and Age of Initiation in Korean Adolescents. J Sch Nurs 2019; 36:348-359. [PMID: 30966858 DOI: 10.1177/1059840519840805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study purpose was to investigate sex differences in multilevel factors associated with smoking experimentation and age of initiation among Korean adolescents. Based on the ecological model, this cross-sectional study used data from the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (N = 65,528). Among 33,803 males (51.6%) and 31,725 females (48.4%), a greater proportion of males (21.9%) than females (7.1%) engaged in smoking experimentation. Males started smoking earlier than females (males: 12.7 years, females: 12.9 years, respectively, p < .05). In both sex groups, common factors associated with smoking were age, depression, suicidal ideation, academic achievement, household economic status, and having friends smoking and a specific person to talk with about their personal concern (all p values <.05). There were significant sex differences in psychological, family, and school factors of smoking initiation and experimentation. It is necessary to develop smoking interventions considering both individual and environmental factors with sex-specific strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Kim
- 26721Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nursing, Sunlin University, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Park
- School of Nursing, 12292University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Heejung Kim
- 26721Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wu Y, Fan H, Guo Z, Wei L. Factors Associated With Smoking Intentions Among Chinese College Students. Am J Mens Health 2019; 13:1557988318818285. [PMID: 30813857 PMCID: PMC6775548 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318818285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking intention is a strong predictor of future smoking behavior. The aim of this study is to identify the significant factors associated with smoking intention among Chinese college students. A total of 2,827 students in Eastern, Middle, and Western regions of China, randomly selected using a multistage sampling method, completed the self-administered questionnaires. The association of independent variables with smoking intention was evaluated using the logistic regression model. Overall, the proportion of college students with a strong smoking intention was 6.9%. Male students (odds ratio [OR] 2.205, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.374, 3.538]), those students whose mothers smoked (OR 3.328, 95% CI [1.527, 7.252]), those whose mothers had a higher educational level (OR 0.583, 95% CI [0.346, 0.984]), current smokers (OR 14.081, 95% CI [9.306, 21.307]), former smokers (OR 3.824, 95% CI [1.728, 8.463]), and those for whom most (OR 2.663, 95% CI [1.348, 5.261]) or a few (OR 1.826, 95% CI [1.045, 3.191]) of their closest friends were smokers had statistically significant associations with the smoking intentions of Chinese college students. Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms and pathways across various factors, and these factors should be incorporated into future multilevel interventions designed to decrease smoking intention among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wu
- 1 Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hong Fan
- 1 Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyou Guo
- 2 College of Humanities and Management, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Liangmin Wei
- 1 Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Ra JS, Cho YH. Role of social normative beliefs as a moderating factor in smoking intention among adolescent girls in Korea. Nurs Health Sci 2018; 20:530-536. [PMID: 30209874 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relationship between risk-taking tendency and smoking intention as moderated by social normative beliefs among Korean female adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 274 female adolescents in middle school. Multiple regression and simple slope analyses were employed to test the moderating effects of social normative beliefs regarding smoking on the relationship between risk-taking tendency and smoking intention. Results determined that risk-taking tendency, social normative beliefs regarding smoking, and their interaction were significant factors influencing smoking intention among adolescents. Risk-taking tendency was associated with greater smoking intention among adolescents, with higher than average social normative beliefs regarding smoking. However, risk-taking tendency was not significantly associated with smoking intention for adolescents with lower than average social normative beliefs regarding smoking. In conclusion, social normative beliefs regarding smoking moderated the relationship between risk-taking intention and smoking intention among Korean female adolescents. Unique sociocultural perceptions about smoking behaviors of adolescents need to be reflected in smoking-prevention and -cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Suk Ra
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- College of Nursing, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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