1
|
Morgner C, Dening KH, Dening T, Gibson B. An alternative theoretical approach to develop a new conception about pain in people with dementia. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2024:medhum-2023-012718. [PMID: 38802249 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The theoretical approach presented in this paper describes a novel experimental-theoretical methodology to conceptualise pain in people with dementia. Existing procedures for assessment of pain rely on subjective self-report using pain questionnaires and rating scales that have proven to be highly problematic where a person has dementia. Consequently, pain in people with dementia can be undetected and/or undertreated. To address that, we have developed an alternative experimental approach that builds on theoretical and methodological precedents from the arts, humanities and social sciences, for instance, visual thinking strategies, creative thinking or two-step flow of communication. Based on this approach, we designed an experimental workshop setting to ingrate these methodologies to explore pain and its expression in people with dementia. This had led to a new definition of pain as an interruption of the socially mediated process of bodily meaning-making. Furthermore, our experimental methodology could equally well be applied as a training method, where professional staff can intervene into existing implicit meanings and understandings of medical issues. These results emphasise that the future of pain research needs to consider the relational aspects of pain more seriously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Dening
- Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Barry Gibson
- School of Clinical Dentistry & The Healthy Lifespan Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
LeBlanc SS. School nurses and menstrual communication: Destigmatizing the stigma among adolescents. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 20:17455057241247793. [PMID: 38733209 PMCID: PMC11088806 DOI: 10.1177/17455057241247793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to understand how school nurses, often the first line of defense for menstruating adolescents, use communication to assist adolescents in destigmatizing menstruation. DESIGN I conducted semi-structured narrative interviews with nine nurses employed in a large school district in Northeast Indiana. METHODS Interviews were coded, categorized, and used a phronetic iterative approach. RESULTS Analysis determines that nurses assist menstruating students using steps toward accepting menstruation and suggesting ways to avoid menstrual stigmatization. CONCLUSION This study suggests that school nurses use positive language to assist students in handling their menstruation problems, develop allyships with parents and other teachers, and stress menstrual education. This study highlights the need for more funding for menstrual products and additional school nurses.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wallbing U, Nilsson S, Lundberg M, Wigert H, Kemani MK. Help overcoming pain early, a brief person-centred intervention for adolescents with chronic pain in a school setting, may improve symptoms of insomnia. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1264355. [PMID: 38034879 PMCID: PMC10682372 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1264355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and aims Chronic pain and symptoms of insomnia affect large numbers of adolescents and early interventions are prioritized. The aim of the current study was to evaluate potential secondary effects of the intervention, Help Overcoming Pain Early (HOPE), on symptoms of insomnia and self-rated health. Methods The study included non-randomized aggregated data from the active and control conditions in a previously conducted randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of HOPE, after the participants in the control condition also had received the intervention. Symptoms of insomnia were assessed with the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale and self-rated health was assessed with one item, at the start of the intervention, post intervention, and at a six-month follow-up. Baseline variables included age, gender, pain localization, pain impact, school absence and symptoms of depression (assessed with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children). Inferential analyzes were performed using Linear Mixed Models (LMM). Effect sizes were evaluated by calculating Cohen's d. Results There were statistically significant improvements in symptoms of insomnia at the six-month follow-up, and statistically significant improvements in self-rated health at the end of the intervention and at the six-month follow-up. Effect sizes were small across outcomes and assessments. Discussion and conclusion Results illustrated significant but small improvements in symptoms of insomnia and self-rated health in adolescents with chronic pain following the HOPE intervention. Although caution is needed when assessing the findings, results illustrate the potential utility of an accessible brief early intervention in a school context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Wallbing
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Nilsson
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mari Lundberg
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Wigert
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Neonatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mike K. Kemani
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Unit Medical Psychology, Theme Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Perming C, Einberg EL, Bekaert S, Garmy P. Adolescents' Experience of Pain: A Focus Group Study in Sweden. J Sch Nurs 2023:10598405231212907. [PMID: 37960838 DOI: 10.1177/10598405231212907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of pain among students at upper secondary schools (adolescents aged 16-19 years) in Sweden. Focus group (n = 9) interviews with 41 adolescents were conducted in southern Sweden in 2021. The interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis, which identified four categories encompassing the theme how pain expressed itself: (1) a warning bell-the body's way of saying that something is wrong; (2) school- and work-related pain; (3) interpersonal physical and emotional pain; and (4) heartache-a sign of humanity; and four categories describing the theme ways of dealing with pain: (1) turn your attention elsewhere; (2) "bite the bullet" and endure the pain; and (3) use painkillers or complementary treatments; and (4) ask for help from others. Findings are linked to the crucial role of school nurses in supporting students who experience pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Perming
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Eva-Lena Einberg
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Sarah Bekaert
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Oxford Institute of Applied Health Research, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Pernilla Garmy
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Oxford Institute of Applied Health Research, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Angelhoff C, Grundström H. Supporting girls with painful menstruation - A qualitative study with school nurses in Sweden. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 68:e109-e115. [PMID: 36446692 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Painful menstruation is common among girls. To optimize school nurses' work more knowledge about their experiences of supporting these girls is needed. The aim of this study was to describe school nurses' experiences of supporting girls with menstrual pain. METHODS Interviews were conducted with 15 school nurses in Sweden and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Three themes emerged: Taking menstrual pain seriously, Being a disseminator of knowledge, and External conditions for conducting professional work as a school nurse. CONCLUSION School nurses felt competent in supporting girls with menstrual pain. However, they lacked structural, written guidelines and routines for how to treat, support, follow-up and refer girls with menstrual pain. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS School education about menstruation and sexual health needs to be strengthened. Cooperation with other healthcare facilities and networks with other school nurses should be increased. Specific guidelines on how to support girls with menstrual pain should be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Angelhoff
- Crown Princess Victoria's Child and Youth Hospital, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Grundström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Norrköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garmy P, Clausson EK, Janlöv AC, Einberg EL. A Philosophical Review of School Nursing Framed by the Holistic Nursing Theory of Barbara Dossey. J Holist Nurs 2021; 39:216-224. [PMID: 33856238 PMCID: PMC8427807 DOI: 10.1177/08980101211006615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article is a philosophical review of school nursing and its constructs framed by Barbara Dossey's holistic nursing theory. The author describes the application of holistic nursing theory within the school nurse's area of activity. The review suggests that holistic nursing theory can be applied in several areas of school nursing. School nurses have a multifaceted occupation that includes meetings with students, parents, and school staff. Barbara Dossey's holistic nursing theory offers the school nurse tools to deal with people's varied experiences, feelings, and needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Garmy
- Kristianstad University
Clinical Health Promotion Center, Lund University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Persson S, Warghoff A, Einberg E, Garmy P. Schoolchildren's experience of pain-A focus group interview study. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:909-913. [PMID: 32716530 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the experience of pain in 10- to 12-year-old children. METHODS This interview study included students (n = 42) in grade 4-6 in focus groups (n = 10) in southern Sweden (52% girls); mean age, 11.3 years (range 10-12 years). The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed with qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The analysis resulted in one theme: Pain as a unique experience for each individual, which was divided into five categories: (a) Feeling bodily pain; (b) Pain related to the school environment and schoolwork; (c) Internal pain related to sorrow and grief; (d) Pain related to conflicts and remorse; and (e) Pain can be good. CONCLUSION The children made distinctions between physical pain and emotional pain. Bullying, noisy school environments, grief and remorse were reported to be linked with headaches, stomachache and heartache.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Persson
- Faculty of Health Sciences Kristianstad University Kristianstad Sweden
| | | | - Eva‐Lena Einberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences Kristianstad University Kristianstad Sweden
| | - Pernilla Garmy
- Faculty of Health Sciences Kristianstad University Kristianstad Sweden
- Clinical Health Promotion Centre Medical Faculty Lund University Lund Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fors A, Wallbing U, Alfvén G, Kemani MK, Lundberg M, Wigert H, Nilsson S. Effects of a person‐centred approach in a school setting for adolescents with chronic pain—The HOPE randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pain 2020; 24:1598-1608. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fors
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Centre for Person‐Centred Care (GPCC) University of GothenburgSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Sweden
- Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care Region Västra Götaland Sweden
| | - Ulrika Wallbing
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Division of Physiotherapy Karolinska Institute Huddinge Sweden
| | | | - Mike K. Kemani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS) Stockholm Sweden
- Medical Unit Medical Psychology Section Behavioral Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Stress Research InstituteStockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mari Lundberg
- Centre for Person‐Centred Care (GPCC) University of GothenburgSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Division of Physiotherapy Karolinska Institute Huddinge Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Helena Wigert
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Centre for Person‐Centred Care (GPCC) University of GothenburgSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Sweden
- Division of Neonatology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Stefan Nilsson
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Centre for Person‐Centred Care (GPCC) University of GothenburgSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|