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von Fritschen U, Kremer T, Prantl L, Fricke A. Breast Implant-Associated Tumors. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2023; 83:686-693. [PMID: 37614684 PMCID: PMC10444514 DOI: 10.1055/a-2073-9534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to anaplastic large T-cell lymphomas (BIA-ALCL), other implant-related tumors have been described for some years. Squamous cell carcinoma (SSC) and B-cell lymphomas occurred in very rare cases. The unexplained pathogenesis as well as the unclear individual risk profile is an ongoing source of uncertainty for patients and physicians. The pathogenesis of the tumors is still largely not understood. While BIA-ALCL occurs more frequently with textured breast implants, other tumors were also observed with smooth implants and at other implant sites. Multiple potential mechanisms are discussed. It is suspected that the etiology of a chronic inflammatory response and subsequently immunostimulation is multifactorial and appears to play a key role in the malignant transformation. Since there are currently no sufficiently valid data for a specific risk assessment, this must be done with caution. This article presents the incidence, pathogenesis, as well as the level of evidence according to the current state of knowledge, and evaluates and discusses the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe von Fritschen
- Department of Plastic- and Aesthetic Surgery, Helios Klinik Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Kremer
- Klinik für Plastische und Handchirurgie mit Schwerbrandverletztenzentrum, Klinikum St. Georg, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Abteilung für Plastische-, Hand- und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alba Fricke
- Department of Plastic- and Aesthetic Surgery, Helios Klinik Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Current Concepts and Molecular Pathogenesis of a Heterogeneous Group of Large T-Cell Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184667. [PMID: 34572893 PMCID: PMC8472588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary ALK- anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK- ALCL) is a rare subtype of CD30+ large T-cell lymphoma that typically affects older adults and has a poor prognosis. Recognition of its histopathologic spectrum, subtypes, and of other tumors that can resemble ALK- ALCL is crucial to avoid making a wrong diagnosis that could result in inappropriate treatment for a patient. In recent years, several important studies have identified recurrent molecular alterations that have shed light on the pathogenesis of this lymphoma. However, on the other hand, putting all this vast information together into a concise form has become challenging. In this review, we present not only a more detailed view of the histopathologic findings of ALK- ALCL but also, we attempt to provide a more simplified perspective of the relevant genetic and molecular alterations of this type of lymphoma, that in our opinion, is not available to date. Abstract Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a subtype of CD30+ large T-cell lymphoma (TCL) that comprises ~2% of all adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Based on the presence/absence of the rearrangement and expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ALCL is divided into ALK+ and ALK-, and both differ clinically and prognostically. This review focuses on the historical points, clinical features, histopathology, differential diagnosis, and relevant cytogenetic and molecular alterations of ALK- ALCL and its subtypes: systemic, primary cutaneous (pc-ALCL), and breast implant-associated (BIA-ALCL). Recent studies have identified recurrent genetic alterations in this TCL. In systemic ALK- ALCL, rearrangements in DUSP22 and TP63 are detected in 30% and 8% of cases, respectively, while the remaining cases are negative for these rearrangements. A similar distribution of these rearrangements is seen in pc-ALCL, whereas none have been detected in BIA-ALCL. Additionally, systemic ALK- ALCL—apart from DUSP22-rearranged cases—harbors JAK1 and/or STAT3 mutations that result in the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. The JAK1/3 and STAT3 mutations have also been identified in BIA-ALCL but not in pc-ALCL. Although the pathogenesis of these alterations is not fully understood, most of them have prognostic value and open the door to the use of potential targeted therapies for this subtype of TCL.
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Bacon CM, O’Donoghue JM. Commentary on: Breast Implant-Associated Bilateral B-Cell Lymphoma. Aesthet Surg J 2020; 40:NP59-NP62. [PMID: 31877205 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjz304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Bacon
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joe M O’Donoghue
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Raj SD, Shurafa M, Shah Z, Raj KM, Fishman MDC, Dialani VM. Primary and Secondary Breast Lymphoma: Clinical, Pathologic, and Multimodality Imaging Review. Radiographics 2019; 39:610-625. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2019180097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean D. Raj
- From the Department of Radiology, Baylor University Medical Center, American Radiology Associates, 712 N Washington Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 (S.D.R., M.S., Z.S.); Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (K.M.R.); and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (M.D.C.F., V.M.D.)
| | - Mahmud Shurafa
- From the Department of Radiology, Baylor University Medical Center, American Radiology Associates, 712 N Washington Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 (S.D.R., M.S., Z.S.); Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (K.M.R.); and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (M.D.C.F., V.M.D.)
| | - Zeeshan Shah
- From the Department of Radiology, Baylor University Medical Center, American Radiology Associates, 712 N Washington Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 (S.D.R., M.S., Z.S.); Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (K.M.R.); and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (M.D.C.F., V.M.D.)
| | - Karuna M. Raj
- From the Department of Radiology, Baylor University Medical Center, American Radiology Associates, 712 N Washington Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 (S.D.R., M.S., Z.S.); Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (K.M.R.); and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (M.D.C.F., V.M.D.)
| | - Michael D. C. Fishman
- From the Department of Radiology, Baylor University Medical Center, American Radiology Associates, 712 N Washington Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 (S.D.R., M.S., Z.S.); Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (K.M.R.); and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (M.D.C.F., V.M.D.)
| | - Vandana M. Dialani
- From the Department of Radiology, Baylor University Medical Center, American Radiology Associates, 712 N Washington Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 (S.D.R., M.S., Z.S.); Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (K.M.R.); and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (M.D.C.F., V.M.D.)
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Mosquera-Zamudio A, Parra-Medina R, Moreno L, Paez Lopez G, Montealegre Gomez G, Morales SD. Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in a Patient With Necrotizing Fasciitis Secondary to Silicone Biopolymer Implants in Buttock. Int J Surg Pathol 2017; 25:606-607. [PMID: 28420306 DOI: 10.1177/1066896917704900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Mosquera-Zamudio
- 1 Department of Pathology, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Hospital San José, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Parra-Medina
- 1 Department of Pathology, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Hospital San José, Bogotá, Colombia.,2 Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Liliana Moreno
- 1 Department of Pathology, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Hospital San José, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - German Paez Lopez
- 3 Department of Plastic surgery, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital San José, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Giovanni Montealegre Gomez
- 3 Department of Plastic surgery, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital San José, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Samuel D Morales
- 1 Department of Pathology, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Hospital San José, Bogotá, Colombia
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