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Affum-Osei E, Chan DKS. Job search in a difficult labour market: linking goal orientation to job search strategies and outcomes with the moderating role of self-control. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37359661 PMCID: PMC10033287 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses how goal orientation relates to different job search strategies to increase the chance of finding employment and quality jobs. We integrate the goal orientation theory with self-control to examine how the orientation of goals (i.e., performance-prove goal orientation (PPGO), performance-avoid goal orientation (PAGO) and learning goal orientation (LGO)) are associated with job search strategies (i.e., Focused Job Search Strategy- FJSS, Exploratory Job Search Strategy-EJSS, and Haphazard Job Search Strategy-HJSS) and how self-control moderates the process. In a three-wave study (nT1= 859; nT2 = 720; nT3 = 418), the hypotheses were tested using unemployed job seekers in Ghana. The results from the structural equation model show that learning goal oriented job seekers were inclined to search more focused and exploratory but engaged in less haphazard search. While PPGO facilitated EJSS, job seekers with PAGO searched more haphazardly but their search behaviour was less focused and exploratory. In addition, EJSS contributed to attending more job interviews, but HJSS decreased the chance of obtaining job interviews. Also, the interviews attended were associated with job offered, which in turn led to obtaining employment. Both FJSS and EJSS were related to employment quality but HJSS decreased employment quality. Interestingly, individual differences in self-control were found to moderate the relation between goal orientation and job search strategy. The use of EJSS was found to be more beneficial in difficult labour markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Affum-Osei
- Department of Human Resources and Organisational Development, KNUST School of Business, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Darius K-S. Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Genova HM, Kallen MA, Sherwood KL, Dawalt L, Bishop L, Telfer D, Brown C, Sanchez B, Smith MJ. Development and Psychometric Properties of Self-Reported Job Interview Skills and Job Interview Anxiety for Autistic Transition-Age Youth. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 58:199-217. [PMID: 38974409 PMCID: PMC11225930 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of job interview training is an emerging area among transition-age autistic youth who face significant challenges when navigating job interviews. The autism field has limited measures that have undergone rigorous psychometric evaluation. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of adapted self-report measures assessing job interview skills and job interview anxiety. METHODS As part of two parent randomized controlled trials, eighty-five transition-age autistic youth completed measures related to the strength of their job interview skills and their level of job interview anxiety. We conducted classical test theory analyses, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and Rasch model analytic and calibration analyses. Pearson correlations were used to establish concurrent, divergent, and criterion validity by correlating these scales with measures of social differences, depressive symptoms, behaviors, neuropsychological functioning, and work history. RESULTS Our analyses yielded two brief and reliable scales: Measure of Job Interview Skills (MOJO-iSkills) and Measure of Job Interview Anxiety (MOJO-iAnxiety), which demonstrated initial concurrent, divergent, and criterion validities when correlated with measures of depressive symptoms, social differences, internalizing and externalizing behavior, and work history. CONCLUSIONS This study presents initial evidence that MOJO-iSkills and MOJO-iAnxiety have acceptable psychometric properties supporting they can be used to reliably and validly assess job interview skills and interview anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Genova
- Kessler Foundation, 120 Eagle Rock Avenue, East Hanover, New Jersey USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Michael A. Kallen
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kari L. Sherwood
- University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Leann Dawalt
- University of Wisconsin, Waisman Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lauren Bishop
- University of Wisconsin, Waisman Center, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin, School of Social Work, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J. Smith
- University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Can Volunteering Buffer the Negative Impacts of Unemployment and Economic Inactivity on Mental Health? Longitudinal Evidence from the United Kingdom. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116809. [PMID: 35682391 PMCID: PMC9180187 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that volunteering can mitigate the negative mental health impacts of unemployment but has yielded mixed results. This study extends the previous literature by examining whether volunteering can buffer the negative impacts of both unemployment and economic inactivity on mental health. Using nationally representative panel data from the United Kingdom Longitudinal Household Study (2010–2020) and fixed effects models, this study yields three important findings: First, volunteering cannot mitigate the adverse effects of unemployment, regardless of gender. Second, frequent volunteering (at least once per month) can benefit the mental health of economically inactive groups (e.g., family care and long-term sickness). Third, the study reveals the gendered patterns of the impacts of volunteering. Specifically, frequent volunteering can buffer the negative impacts of family care or long-term sickness for men, and the negative impacts of unpaid work for women. Overall, these findings contribute towards a more nuanced understanding of the buffering role of volunteering and its gendered patterns. Policymakers should offer more volunteering opportunities and training to these economically inactive groups to reduce their risk of mental issues.
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Evaluating a job search strategy model of fit perceptions: a construct validation amongst unemployed job seekers. CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/cdi-09-2020-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the (1) psychometric properties of Crossley and Highhouse's job search strategy scale and (2) the predictive utility of the scale on fit perceptions.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from unemployed job seekers in Ghana (nT1 = 720; nT2 = 418). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the data.FindingsExploratory factor analysis on the first random sub-sample (n = 362) supported a three-factor model. Confirmatory factor analysis on the second random sub-sample (n = 358) confirmed the three-factor structure and was invariant across job search contexts and genders. Moreover, structural path results showed that the use of focussed and exploratory job search strategies facilitated positive fit perceptions and the use of haphazard job search resulted in poor job fit perceptions.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine the dimensionality of job search strategies based on different job search context by linking it to fit perceptions. Moreover, the authors provide evidence that the job search strategy scale has a valid psychometric property and a promising instrument to assess job search behaviour across job search contexts and genders in an understudied population.
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Grob R, Schlesinger M, Wise M, Pandhi N. Stumbling Into Adulthood: Learning From Depression While Growing Up. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:1392-1408. [PMID: 32364433 PMCID: PMC8061165 DOI: 10.1177/1049732320914579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression manifests in distinct ways across the life course. Recent research emphasizes how depression impedes development during emerging adulthood. However, our study-based on 40 interviews with emerging adults from multiple regions in the United States, analyzed following grounded theory-suggests a more complex narrative. Increasing experience with cycles of depression can also catalyze (a) mature perspectives and coping mechanisms that protect against depression's lowest lows; (b) deeper self-knowledge and direction, which in turn promoted a coherent personal identity; and (c) emergence of a life purpose, which fostered attainment of adult roles, skill development, greater life satisfaction, and enriched identity. Our synthesis reveals how depression during emerging adulthood can function at once as toxin, potential antidote, and nutritional supplement fostering healthy development. Our central finding that young adults adapt to rather than recover from depression can also enrich resilience theory, and inform both social discourse and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Grob
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Meg Wise
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nancy Pandhi
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Wilson J, Mantovan N, Sauer RM. The economic benefits of volunteering and social class. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2020; 85:102368. [PMID: 31789200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A theory that the economic benefits of volunteering are contingent on social class (as defined by similarities in labour market situation) is tested using seven waves of longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Study gathered between 1996 and 2008 and fixed-effects models. Volunteering has a positive effect on earnings, but it is confined to people in professional and managerial occupations. Employees in white and blue collar jobs do not benefit. The study suggests that inconsistent results from previous studies might be due to failure to consider occupational heterogeneity among volunteers.
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Schofield TP, Butterworth P. Community Attitudes Toward People Receiving Unemployment Benefits: Does Volunteering Change Perceptions? BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2018.1496335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Schofield
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne
| | - Peter Butterworth
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne
- Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne
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Eggenhofer-Rehart PM, Latzke M, Pernkopf K, Zellhofer D, Mayrhofer W, Steyrer J. Refugees' career capital welcome? Afghan and Syrian refugee job seekers in Austria. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shandra CL. Disability and social participation: The case of formal and informal volunteering. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2017; 68:195-213. [PMID: 29108597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
People with disabilities in the United States experience lower levels of social integration than people without disabilities. However, less is known about the association between disability and volunteer participation-despite an extensive literature on other disparities in volunteerism. This study uses data from the 2009-2015 Volunteer Supplement of the Current Population Survey to evaluate how working-aged adults with sensory disabilities, cognitive disabilities, physical disabilities, or multiple disabilities access, participate in, and maintain volunteer roles. Net of sociodemographic characteristics, adults with disabilities are no less likely than those without disabilities to report informal volunteering, although the presence of physical and multiple disabilities negatively associates with formal volunteering. Adults with disabilities report no fewer annual hours or weeks than those without disabilities if they are formal volunteers, but the mechanism through which they initially become involved in volunteer organizations varies. People with different types of disability experience different patterns of volunteering, and the sociodemographic characteristics associated with having a disability exacerbate many of these differences. Results suggest that adults with disabilities can-and do-participate in voluntary work, but may face barriers to accessing formal volunteer roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Shandra
- Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4356, United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J. Chandler
- Mathematica Policy Research, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriele Paolacci
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Taggar S, Kuron LKJ. The toll of perceived injustice on job search self-efficacy and behavior. CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/cdi-10-2015-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– Individuals normally make fairness judgements when experiencing negative outcomes on an important task, such as finding employment. Fairness is an affect-laden subjective experience. Perceptions of injustice can cause resource depletion in unemployed job seekers, potentially leading to reduced self-regulation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of: first, justice perceptions during a job search and their impact on job search self-efficacy (JSSE); second, the mediating role of JSSE between justice perceptions and job search strategies; and third, associations between job search strategies and quantity and quality of job search behavior.
Design/methodology/approach
– Unemployed individuals (n=254) who were actively searching for a job reported on their past job search experiences with respect to justice, completed measures of JSSE, and reported recent job search behavior.
Findings
– Results reveal the potentially harmful impact of perceived injustice on job search strategies and the mediating role of JSSE, a self-regulatory construct and an important resource when looking for a job. Specifically, perceived injustice is negatively associated with JSSE. Reduced JSSE is associated with a haphazard job search strategy and less likelihood of exploratory and focussed strategies. A haphazard job search strategy is associated with making fewer job applications and poor decision making. Conversely, perceived justice is associated with higher JSSE and exploratory and focussed job search strategies. These two strategies are generally associated with higher quality job search behavior.
Research limitations/implications
– There are two major limitations. First, while grounded in social-cognitive theory of self-regulation and conservation of resources (COR) theory, a cross-sectional research design limits determination of causality in the model of JSSE as a central social-cognitive mechanism explaining how justice impacts job search strategies. Second, some results may be conservative because social desirability may have restricted the range of negative responses.
Practical implications
– This study provides insights to individuals who are supporting job seekers (e.g. career counselors, coaches, employers, and social networks). Specifically, interventions aimed at reducing perceptions of injustice, increasing JSSE, and improving job search strategies and behavior may ameliorate the damaging impact of perceived injustice.
Originality/value
– This study is the first to examine perceived justice in the job search process using social-cognitive theory of self-regulation and COR theory. Moreover, we provide further validation to a relatively new and under-researched job search strategy typology by linking the strategies to the quantity and quality of job search behaviors.
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Abstract
Crowdsourcing has had a dramatic impact on the speed and scale at which scientific research can be conducted. Clinical scientists have particularly benefited from readily available research study participants and streamlined recruiting and payment systems afforded by Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a popular labor market for crowdsourcing workers. MTurk has been used in this capacity for more than five years. The popularity and novelty of the platform have spurred numerous methodological investigations, making it the most studied nonprobability sample available to researchers. This article summarizes what is known about MTurk sample composition and data quality with an emphasis on findings relevant to clinical psychological research. It then addresses methodological issues with using MTurk--many of which are common to other nonprobability samples but unfamiliar to clinical science researchers--and suggests concrete steps to avoid these issues or minimize their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Chandler
- Mathematica Policy Research.,Institute for Social Research
| | - Danielle Shapiro
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103;
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