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Zamboanga BL, Merrill JE, Newins AR, Olthuis JV, Blumenthal H, Van Hedger K, Ham LS, Kim SY, Perrotte JK, Lui PP, McChargue D, Piña-Watson B. Comparing Drinking Game Motives, Behaviors, and Consequences Among Varsity Athletes, Recreational Athletes, and Non-Student-Athletes: A Multisite University Study. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2024; 85:349-360. [PMID: 38206658 PMCID: PMC11218451 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.23-00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among college students, student-athletes are at increased risk for heavy alcohol consumption, participation in risky drinking practices (e.g., playing drinking games [DG]), and adverse alcohol-related consequences relative to non-student-athletes. Within the student-athlete population, level of sports participation (e.g., recreational or varsity sports) can affect alcohol use behaviors and consequences, but our understanding of the extent to which level of sports participation influences engagement in DG is limited. Thus, in the present study, we examined differences in frequency of participation in DG, typical drink consumption while playing DG, negative DG consequences, and motives for playing DG among varsity, recreational, and non-student-athletes. METHOD College students (n = 7,901 across 12 U.S. colleges/universities) completed questionnaires on alcohol use attitudes, behaviors, and consequences. RESULTS Student-athletes (recreational or varsity sports) were more likely to have participated in DG within the past month than non-student-athletes. Among students who reported past-month DG play, recreational athletes played more often and endorsed more enhancement/thrills motives for playing DG than non-student-athletes, and student-athletes (recreational or varsity) endorsed higher levels of competition motives for playing DG than non-student-athletes. CONCLUSIONS These findings shed light on some risky drinking patterns and motives of recreational athletes who are often overlooked and under-resourced in health research and clinical practice. Recreational and varsity student-athletes could benefit from alcohol screening and prevention efforts, which can include provision of competitive and alcohol-free social activities and promotion of alcohol protective behavioral strategies to help reduce recreational athletes' risk for harm while playing DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L. Zamboanga
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Jennifer E. Merrill
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Amie R. Newins
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Janine V. Olthuis
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | - Kathryne Van Hedger
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay S. Ham
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | | | - P. Priscilla Lui
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dennis McChargue
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Brandy Piña-Watson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Zamboanga BL, Newins AR, Olthuis JV, Merrill JE, Blumenthal H, Kim SY, Grigsby TJ, McClain P, McChargue D, Cano MÁ. A confirmatory factor analysis of a revised motives for playing drinking games (MPDG-33) scale among university students in the United States. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae027. [PMID: 38685066 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Participating in a drinking game (DG) is common practice among university students and can increase students' risk for heavy drinking. Given the theoretical link between motivations to drink and alcohol use, careful consideration should be given to students' motivations to play DGs. In this study, we examined the factor structure, internal consistency, and concurrent validity of a revised version of the motives for playing drinking games (MPDG) scale, the MPDG-33. METHODS University students (n = 3345, Mage = 19.77 years, SDage = 1.53; 68.8% = women; 59.6% = White) from 12 U.S. universities completed a confidential online self-report survey that included the MPDG-33 and questions regarding their frequency of DG participation and typical drink consumption while playing DGs. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the 7-factor model fit the data adequately, and all items had statistically significant factor loadings on their predicted factor. All subscales had adequate to excellent internal consistency and were positively correlated with the frequency of DG participation and the typical number of drinks consumed while playing DGs (though the correlations were small). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the MPDG-33 can be reliably used in research and clinical settings to assess U.S. university students' motives for playing DGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Zamboanga
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Amie R Newins
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States
| | - Janine V Olthuis
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick-Fredericton, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Heidemarie Blumenthal
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Timothy J Grigsby
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States
| | - Patrick McClain
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Dennis McChargue
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
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Zamboanga BL, Ramarushton B, Blumenthal H, Thompson L, Ham LS, Bartholomew JB, Schwartz SJ, Harkness A, Subrahmanyam K, McClain P, Regan P, Michikyan M. Business as usual? Drinking games participation before and during an academic pandemic (COVID-19) year among university students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38285886 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2301328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Objective: A drinking game (DG) is a risky social drinking activity that is prevalent among university students and promotes rapid alcohol consumption. We examined university students' DG behaviors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Students (N = 368; Mage=21.12; women = 72.6%; Hispanic = 44.7%) from seven universities completed an online survey in 2021 (spring/summer). Results: 57% played DGs in-person before the pandemic and continued to play during the pandemic. These students were less worried about their health/symptoms if they were to contract COVID-19, had lower confidence in wearing a mask properly/socially distancing while under the influence of alcohol, consumed more alcohol during the pandemic, and endorsed higher enhancement drinking motives than students who played DGs before but stopped playing during the pandemic (30%). Conclusions: College health practitioners could pay close attention to students who endorse high enhancement motives as they are susceptible to risky DG play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Zamboanga
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Banan Ramarushton
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | | | - Linda Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsay S Ham
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - John B Bartholomew
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Audrey Harkness
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Kaveri Subrahmanyam
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Patrick McClain
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Pamela Regan
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Minas Michikyan
- Department of Child and Family Studies, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zamboanga BL, Blumenthal H, Ramarushton B, Napper LE, Hurlocker MC, Ford K, Bacon M, Madson MB. What pandemic? A multisite study of drinking motives and drinking games participation among college students during a pandemic (COVID-19) academic year. Addict Behav 2023; 138:107560. [PMID: 36516637 PMCID: PMC9699705 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A drinking game (DG) is a widely practiced social activity that tends to encourage rapid alcohol consumption. While social restrictions during the pandemic (COVID-19) academic year were implemented as a health measure across many colleges/universities, the extent to which college student drinkers continued to play DGs in-person is not well understood. Because theory and research suggest that drinking motives are proximal correlates of drinking behaviors, we examined which drinking motives increased the likelihood of playing DGs in-person, and playing DGs in-person in a group of 10 + people during the 2020-21 pandemic academic year. College students (past-year drinkers) from 12 universities completed an online survey (N = 900; Mage = 19.42, Range = 18-25; SDage = 1.45, White = 73.1%, 69.2% female). Of the students surveyed, 590 students played DGs, with 460 students only playing DGs in-person. Of the students who played DGs in-person, 274 students reported that the maximum number of people they played DGs with in-person exceeded the CDC's recommended guidelines (10 + people). Accounting for demographics, general alcohol use, and perceived COVID-19 threat, social drinking motives were positively associated with an increased likelihood of playing DGs in-person; the inverse was found for coping motives. Drinking motives were not associated with the likelihood of playing DGs with 10 + people but greater alcohol use and lower perceived threat of COVID-19 were. Given that the pandemic did not deter many student drinkers from playing DGs in-person, further investment in targeted intervention and public health initiatives aimed at substance-free alternatives promoting engagement and enhancement of social activities may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L. Zamboanga
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, United States,Corresponding author. Queries regarding the statistical analyses of this paper should be addressed to Dr. Blumenthal and Banan Ramarushton; all other correspondence regarding this article should be addressed to Prof. Byron L. Zamboanga
| | | | | | - Lucy E. Napper
- Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, United States
| | | | - Kayla Ford
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, United States
| | - Miller Bacon
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, United States
| | - Michael B. Madson
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, United States
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George AM, Zamboanga BL, Scholz B. "It Breaks the Ice": A Qualitative Examination of Drinking Game Motives, Harms and Protective Behavioral Strategies among University Students in Australia. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:419-427. [PMID: 36683532 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2165412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: Most research on drinking games (DG) behaviors and cognitions has been conducted among university students from the United States. Understanding why DGs are played, consequences and protective behavioral strategies (PBS) to reduce negative consequences is needed among Australian students. Objectives: In Australia, five focus groups (n=3-8) were held with 27 university students (63% female) aged 18-24 years who had played a DG in the past month. The study aimed to identify motives for playing DGs, consequences and adoption of PBS. Results: Four themes were identified: (1) social lubrication and conformity: playing to fit in; (2) community and camaraderie (perceived social benefits of DGs); (3) a means to an end (where getting drunk/predrinking was the goal and avoidance of PBS was prevalent); and (4) it is not a levelled playing field, which highlights that the risks are not equal for everyone. Conclusions: The interplay between DG motives, PBS and associated harms was identified. Expanding measurement of pre-existing DG motives and PBS is recommended, as well as the potential of DG motives to inform proposed interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M George
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Byron L Zamboanga
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Brett Scholz
- ANU Medical School, College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Walukevich-Dienst K, Blayney JA, Fairlie AM, Jaffe AE, Larimer ME. Social Anxiety and Pre-Party Motives Are Associated With Alcohol-Related Negative Consequences During College Students' Most Recent Pre-Party Occasion. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:820-828. [PMID: 36484579 PMCID: PMC9756407 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.21-00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Engaging in hazardous drinking behaviors, such as playing drinking games or pre-partying, is associated with excessive drinking and negative consequences among college students. Pre-partying or playing drinking games often occurs in anticipation of or during social situations. College students with elevated social anxiety who drink to cope with social anxiety symptoms in social settings may be especially vulnerable to drinking more heavily in these contexts and, in turn, experiencing more negative consequences. However, little is known about specific psychosocial factors that may inform the decision of socially anxious individuals to engage in hazardous drinking behaviors. METHOD The current study used cross-sectional data to test whether social anxiety symptoms and past-year pre-party motives were associated with (a) a greater likelihood of playing drinking games while pre-partying, (b) total alcohol consumption, and (c) consequences during students' most recent drinking occasion during which they pre-partied. RESULTS Participants were 981 college students (63.5% women, 67.9% White, mean age = 20.1 years, SD = 1.3) who reported on their most recent pre-party drinking occasion. Greater social anxiety symptoms were related to higher past-year interpersonal enhancement and intimate pursuit motives, which in turn were associated with greater alcohol consumption and more negative consequences during the most recent pre-party event. CONCLUSIONS Although preliminary, results highlight the importance of considering pre-party motives associated with social anxiety and negative drinking consequences among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica A. Blayney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anne M. Fairlie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anna E. Jaffe
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Mary E. Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Hoyer D, Correia CJ. Latent class analysis of drinking game consequences among college drinkers. Addict Behav 2022; 126:107203. [PMID: 34920327 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Participation in drinking games has been identified as one specific alcohol-related context linked to increased risk for heavier alcohol consumption and negative consequences among college students. Despite advances in drinking game research, questions remain about the different types of individuals at risk from participating. The current study utilized latent class analysis to classify individuals based on their endorsement of eight negative drinking game consequences from the Hazardous Drinking Games Measure. Analyses included identification of classes among 656 college students, followed by covariate analyses regressing class membership on motives for playing drinking games, general drinking motives, impulsivity facets, general problematic alcohol use, and specific drinking game behaviors. A total of three classes were identified, including a class with the fewest number of problems, a class with higher rates of hangovers and becoming sick, and a class with relatively higher rates of a majority of the other consequences. Classes differed in endorsement of motives, impulsivity facets, general problematic consumption, and drinking game behaviors. Generally, coping, conformity, and social general drinking motives; conformity and enhancement and thrills motives for playing drinking games; the impulsivity facet of negative urgency; the number of drinks consumed while playing drinking games; playing consumption type drinking games; and general problematic alcohol use were associated with more problematic class membership. Results highlight distinct classes of individuals at risk from drinking game participation. Recommendations for future studies and potential prevention and intervention efforts are also discussed.
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Hoyer D, Corriea CJ. General Drinking Motives and Alcohol Consumption across Three Contexts: Drinking Games, Tailgating, and in Stadium. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1171-1176. [PMID: 35506338 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2064504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption across specific events and contexts has been identified as an important area of research related to college student drinking. Contexts associated with increased risk for negative outcomes include drinking games and football games at large universities. Additionally, drinking motives have been linked to increased consumption and consequences. The current study aimed to assess the role of general drinking motives across a variety of specific contexts. METHODS Self-report measures related to general alcohol consumption, general drinking motives, and context-specific consumption were completed by a final sample of 553 predominantly female and white students. Three sets of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to measure relations between drinking motives and the number of drinks consumed in the contexts of drinking games, tailgating outside of the stadium prior to home football games, and while inside the football stadium during home games, after accounting for the number of times participating in each respective context. RESULTS Concerning tailgates, conformity and enhancement motives were positively related to the number of drinks consumed. Conformity motives were associated with greater consumption in the contexts of drinking games and in-stadium drinking. Social motives were inversely related to the number of drinks consumed in-stadium. CONCLUSION Different general drinking motives may contribute to individuals' alcohol consumption across specific contexts. While conformity motives are not traditionally viewed as a unique risk factor for problematic use, the relation between conformity motives and consumption while playing drinking games and within the stadium provides novel results about their potential role in alcohol-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Hoyer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Abstract
Prepartying, or drinking prior to going out, and playing drinking games (DG) can increase young adults' risk of heavy alcohol consumption. In the present study, we examined whether playing DG as a typical form of prepartying can increase alcohol consumption risk when compared with prepartying alone or with friends, and whether the type of DG played while prepartying can increase this risk. Participants consisted of young adults from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 482, Mage=22.56, 44.2% women, 74.3% White, 62.7% were current college students) who played a DG within the past month and completed an anonymous online survey about their prepartying and DG behaviors. Results indicated that team games (e.g. beer pong) are the most commonly played type of DG while prepartying. Controlling for alcohol use on drinking occasions when DGs were not played, gender, and college status, those who played DG as a form of prepartying (n = 163) consumed more alcohol while prepartying than those who prepartied alone or with friends. Finally, those who played card games (e.g. Kings) while prepartying also consumed more preparty drinks than those who do not typically play card games. Implications for prevention and intervention as well as future research directions are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Ford
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkanas, USA
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Zamboanga BL, George AM, Van Hedger K, Olthuis JV, Pilatti A, Dresler E. Participation in Drinking Games and Predrinking Among University Students in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:683-688. [PMID: 33479723 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The limited existing research on drinking games and predrinking among university students in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand suggests that participation in these risky drinking practices is relatively widespread among this population. Drinking norms and alcohol use can vary across countries and in different regions of the globe. The measurement of drinking games and predrinking participation between studies also differs, making cross-country comparisons difficult. The present study explored differences in past month participation in drinking games and predrinking among university students from a large public university in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. METHODS The data analytic sample consisted of 1134 university students (ages 18-25, Mage = 20.2 years; 72.6% women) from Argentina (n = 349), Australia (n = 280), Canada (n = 262), and New Zealand (n = 243) who reported weekly alcohol consumption. Students completed a confidential survey on drinking attitudes and behaviors. RESULTS Controlling for age, gender, and weekly drink consumption, there were no cross-country differences in past month participation in predrinking. In contrast, university students from Canada and New Zealand were more likely to have played a drinking game in the past month than students from Australia and Argentina. CONCLUSIONS The present finding suggest that university students from Argentina, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand are equally likely to participate in predrinking regardless of country; however, the likelihood of playing drinking games differs as a function of country site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Zamboanga
- University of Arkansas, Department of Psychological Science, 216 Memorial Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Amanda M George
- University of Canberra, Discipline of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, 1 Kirinari St, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Kathryne Van Hedger
- University of Western Ontario, Brain and Mind Institute, 1151 Richmond Ave, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Janine V Olthuis
- University of New Brunswick-Fredericton, Department of Psychology, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi-CONICET-UNC), Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo s/n, Argentina
| | - Emma Dresler
- Massey University, School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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McInnes A, Blackwell D. Drinking games among university students in five countries: Participation rates, game type, contexts, and motives to play. Addict Behav 2021; 119:106940. [PMID: 33866223 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most published studies, regarding students' participation in drinking games (DGs), originate from the United States of America (USA). This study extends research to the United Kingdom (UK) and countries of mainland Europe. University students from five countries completed an anonymous online questionnaire which included measures of the frequency of DG participation, along with types, contexts and motives for participation. Responses are compared by the gender, and country of domicile of the participants. The study is based on the results of the questionnaire administered to 306 Social Work students from five universities/countries of which 72.2% are females, with a mean age of 22.6 years. This included students in Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, the UK and the USA. A high proportion of students, irrespective of gender, or country of domicile, stated that they participated in DGs. To 'meet people' and 'to get drunk' are the most important reasons stated for DG participation. Less benign motives, to 'control others' or 'get other people drunk', are reported as 'not important'. The most common types of DGs were consumption and team DGs. The pre-partying involved in DGs and associated consequences show important targets in alcohol harm minimization interventions. Harm minimization/public health messages regarding safer drinking need to recognize that younger students often feel they are immortal and do not fully appreciate risks and adverse effects of DGs and drink to have fun and be sociable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison McInnes
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Room H010, Coach Lane Campus East, Benton, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE7 7XA, United Kingdom.
| | - David Blackwell
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland, The David Goldman Informatics Centre, Sir Tom Cowie Campus at St Peter's, St Peter's Way, Sunderland, Tyne & Wear SR6 0DD, United Kingdom.
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Test-Retest Reliability of the 7-Factor Motives for Playing Drinking Games Scale and its Associations With Drinking Game Behaviors Among Female College Athletes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2018-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Drinking games (DGs) participation is prevalent among college-attending emerging adults. Research also suggests that student-athletes play DGs more frequently than non student-athletes, but what motivates student-athletes to participate in DGs is not well understood. Using data from a larger longitudinal study with Division III female athletes, we examined the test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change of the revised 7-factor Motives for Playing Drinking Games (MPDG) measure, and explored how its subscales were related to DGs behavior across two annual timepoints (n = 49). Results indicated that the MPDG shows adequate test-retest reliability over a one year period among student-athletes. Controlling for age and general alcohol consumption, conformity motives were positively associated with DG consumption at timepoint 1, whereas the DG motives of enhancement/thrills and boredom were positively related to DG consumption at timepoint 2. Implications for future research directions on motives for playing DGs and DGs behavior among student-athletes are discussed.
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13
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Social anxiety and drinking game behaviors among Australian university students. Addict Behav 2019; 88:43-47. [PMID: 30138776 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship of social anxiety with alcohol use/problems has been examined among college student samples, but the relevance of findings to drinking game (DG) consumption/gaming consequences is not well understood due to a paucity of research. METHODS A cross-sectional sample of 224 Australian university students aged 18-25 years (Mage = 20.7 years; 63% female) was utilized for analysis. Participants completed an online questionnaire which included measures of social anxiety, DG consumption, DG consequences, and motives for playing drinking games. RESULTS Social anxiety was positively associated with DG consequences, but not DG consumption. However, after controlling for DG motives, social anxiety was no longer associated with DG consequences. Rather, an indirect effect of social anxiety on DG consequences via conformity DG motives was identified. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the vulnerability of socially anxious students to experiencing greater drinking game consequences, but the importance of considering motives specific to playing DGs when examining these relationships.
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George AM, Zamboanga BL, Martin JL, Olthuis JV. Examining the factor structure of the Motives for Playing Drinking Games measure among Australian university students. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:782-788. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. George
- Centre for Applied Psychology; University of Canberra; Canberra Australia
| | | | - Jessica L. Martin
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology; University at Albany; Albany USA
| | - Janine V. Olthuis
- Department of Psychology; University of New Brunswick; Fredericton Canada
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Kearns NT, Blumenthal H, Natesan P, Zamboanga BL, Ham LS, Cloutier RM. Development and initial psychometric validation of the Brief-Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (B-CaffEQ). Psychol Assess 2018; 30:1597-1611. [PMID: 29927303 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is the most widely available and consumed psychoactive substance in the United States. Extant work indicates that across substances, use expectancies play a marked role in the development and maintenance of consumption patterns. Despite a burgeoning line of etiological and intervention-oriented research focused on expectancies (e.g., alcohol), there is a limited literature regarding caffeine use effect expectancies, specifically. To facilitate this work, the Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ) was developed and psychometrically validated; however, the length of the CaffEQ (i.e., 47 items) may hinder widespread adoption of this tool. As such, the current study provides an initial psychometric validation of a brief, 20-item version-the Brief-Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (B-CaffEQ)-in a multiethnic sample of undergraduate students (N = 975). Results showed that the B-CaffEQ replicated the 7-factor structure of the original CaffEQ using both constrained (confirmatory factor analysis) and less constrained (exploratory structural equation modeling) structural models and evidenced good internal consistency across subscales. The B-CaffEQ also demonstrated concurrent validity with caffeine use frequency indices, replicated and extended convergent validity between caffeine expectancy subscales and related behavioral and psychological constructs, and demonstrated discriminant validity with other related, but notably distinct, stimulant use metrics (e.g., cocaine, Ritalin). Lastly, the B-CaffEQ appears to provide an invariant measure of expectancies across types of caffeine users. These findings indicate that the B-CaffEQ is a reliable assessment of caffeine use effect expectancies, with acceptable-to-good psychometric properties-comparable in length to other substance use expectancies measures-that may be more readily incorporated into research and clinical settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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George AM, Zamboanga BL. Drinking game participation and outcomes in a sample of Australian university students. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:599-606. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. George
- Centre for Applied Psychology, Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Canberra Australia
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Barbieri S, Omizzolo L, Tredese A, Vettore G, Calaon A, Behr AU, Snenghi R, Montisci M, Gaudio RM, Paoli A, Pietrantonio V, Santi J, Donato D, Carretta G, Dolcet A, Feltracco P. The Rise of New Alcoholic Games Among Adolescents and the Consequences in the Emergency Department: Observational Retrospective Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2018; 1:e4. [PMID: 31518328 PMCID: PMC6715062 DOI: 10.2196/pediatrics.6578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The links between the internet and teenager behavior are difficult situations to control and may lead to the development of new and excessive methods of drinking alcohol during alcoholic games. Findings indicate that reported cases are very useful sources for better understanding of alcoholic games, yielding successful measures promoting health among adolescents. Admittance of adolescents to hospital emergency departments (EDs) after consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol has become the norm in developed countries. The harmful effects of acute alcohol abuse are reported in this paper. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to investigate the close connections between new drinking behaviors among adolescents and study the increase in new alcoholic games, together with the challenges that cause acute alcohol intoxication, the influence of the internet and social networks, and their consequences for public health services. METHODS Data came from prehospital and intrahospital admissions attributable to alcohol consumption. From 2013 to 2015, 3742 patients were admitted to EDs due to acute alcohol intoxication: 830 of them were aged 15 to 30 years, and 225 were adolescents and young adults between 15 and 20 years who had been playing alcoholic games. Retrospectively, diagnostic data associated with extrahospital anamneses were selected by one of the hospital management information systems, Qlik. As a result of our previous experience, questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were performed at a later stage, when a clinical audit for intoxicated adolescent patients was described, with the overall goal of establishing a potential methodological workflow and adding important information to research carried out so far. RESULTS Between 2013 and 2015, 830 young patients aged 15 to 30 years were admitted to EDs for acute alcohol intoxication. About 20% (166/830) of the sample confirmed that they had drunk more than 5 alcoholic units within 2 hours twice during the past 30 days as a result of binge drinking. Referring to new alcoholic games, 41% of the sample stated that they knew what neknomination is and also that at least one of their friends had accepted this challenge, describing symptoms such as vomiting, headache, altered behavior, increased talkativeness, and sociability. The median value of the weighted average cost of the diagnosis-related group relating to interventions provided by hospitals was the same for both genders, €46,091 (US $56,497; minimum €17,349 and maximum €46,091). CONCLUSIONS Drinking games encourage young people to consume large quantities of alcohol within a short period of time putting them at risk of alcohol poisoning, which can potentially lead to accidental injuries, unsafe sex, suicide, sexual assault, and traffic accidents. The spread of these games through the internet and social networks is becoming a serious health problem facing physicians and medical professionals every day, especially in the ED; for this reason, it is necessary to be aware of the risks represented by such behaviors in order to recognize and identify preliminary symptoms and develop useful prevention programs. The strategic role of emergency services is to monitor and define the problem right from the start in order to control the epidemic, support planning, coordinate the delivery of assistance in the emergency phase, and provide medical education. Hospital-based interdisciplinary health care researchers collected specific data on hazardous drinking practices linked to evaluation of increased alcohol-related consequences and cases admitted to the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Barbieri
- Department of Urgent and Emergency Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Preventive Medicine and Risk Assessment, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Omizzolo
- Department of Urgent and Emergency Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Tredese
- Department of Urgent and Emergency Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianna Vettore
- Department of Urgent and Emergency Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Calaon
- Department of Urgent and Emergency Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Astrid Ursula Behr
- Department of Urgent and Emergency Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rossella Snenghi
- Department of Legal Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Montisci
- Department of Legal Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Gaudio
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Paoli
- Department of Urgent and Emergency Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Santi
- Department of Urgent and Emergency Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Donato
- Department of Directional Hospital Management, Padova General Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carretta
- Department of Directional Hospital Management, Padova General Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Dolcet
- Surgery Department, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Feltracco
- Department of Urgent and Emergency Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Zamboanga BL, Zhang M, Olthuis JV, Kim SY. Understanding Drinking Game Behaviors: A Consideration of Alcohol Expectancies and Motives to Play and Drink. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2017; 42:302-314. [PMID: 34334845 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-017-9886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drinking motives have been theorized as "the final common pathway" to alcohol use, and have been found to be associated with certain drinking patterns and related outcomes. Given the importance of the context in which people drink, researchers have also begun to pay close attention to motives that are specific to participation in a drinking game. The present study builds on this burgeoning body of work by testing how sociability and liquid courage alcohol outcome expectancies and valuations are indirectly associated with drinking game behaviors by way of drinking game motives. Participants consisted of 686 students from eight U.S. colleges/universities (ages 18-23, mean age = 19.45; 73.8% female; 68.2% white) who completed a self-report questionnaire which asked about drinking game behaviors and motives for playing, alcohol outcome expectancies and valuations, general drinking motives, and typical alcohol use. Controlling for demographics, general drinking motives, and typical alcohol use, results indicated that liquid courage (alcohol outcome expectancies) and sociability (alcohol outcome expectancies and valuations) were indirectly associated with drinking game behaviors by way of enhancement/thrills and social lubrication motives for playing drinking games, respectively. Findings suggest that motives specific to playing drinking games operate similarly to general drinking motives as the "final common pathway" to drinking game behaviors. Implications for motivation-matched and expectancy challenge strategies aimed at reducing drinking games participation on college campuses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minyu Zhang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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