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Alkhamis FH, Alabbas ZAS, Al Mulhim JE, Alabdulmohsin FF, Alshaqaqiq MH, Alali EA. Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Cervical Cancer Screening in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e49331. [PMID: 38143659 PMCID: PMC10748848 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer, despite being preventable, is one of the most prevalent cancers among females globally and in Saudi Arabia. The literature demonstrated that, unlike global trends, cervical cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia is increasing. In addition to that, a high proportion of it is discovered in advanced stages. This state of late discovery was attributed to the absence of efficient preventive and screening programs. Observing the scale of the preventable morbidities and mortalities that can be caused by cervical cancer and the efforts and costs that are positioned to fight cervical cancer across the globe and the current ambiguity in the cervical cancer screening prevalence in Saudi Arabia brings the realization of the importance of conducting a study that properly explores the status of cervical cancer screening in Saudi Arabia. AIM This study aims to measure the prevalence and the predictive factors for cervical cancer screening among adult women who were previously sexually active in Saudi Arabia, as well as explore the participants' knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. METHODS This study was a nationwide cross-sectional study conducted in Saudi Arabia between September 2023 and November 2023 on adult Saudi females between the ages of 21 and 65 years who were previously sexually active and did not undergo a hysterectomy. Data were collected through a convenience sampling technique where a self-administered survey was established and disseminated to the targeted population all over the country with the assistance of data collectors. Cervical cancer screening prevalence and screening predictive factors were measured. Factors associated with cervical cancer screening and knowledge of cervical cancer were tested using a chi-square test, an independent t-test, and an ANOVA test. Multivariate logistic regression was also used to determine predictors of cervical cancer screening. RESULTS The study included 2,337 participants. The prevalence of cervical cancer screening among Saudi females was observed to be 22.1%. The most commonly reported reason for not undergoing cervical cancer screening was that it was never recommended by a physician, as reported by 42.4%. Only 7.6% reported taking the HPV vaccine. The majority of the participants (84.1%) had a low knowledge level about cervical cancer. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that the following factors were observed to be significantly predictive of undergoing cervical cancer screening: being 46-59 years of age (74% increase rate), having an income greater than 20,000 Saudi Riyals (SRs) (158% increase rate), having a history of gynecological problems (152% increase rate), knowing someone who underwent cervical cancer screening (393% increase rate), and receiving a recommendation from a healthcare practitioner to undergo cervical cancer screening (1300% increase rate). CONCLUSION There are clearly low rates of cervical cancer screening and even lower rates of uptake for the HPV vaccine, which are the prevention measures for cervical cancer. National initiatives and programs that promote HPV vaccine uptake and regular cervical cancer screening are highly recommended to minimize the morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eithar A Alali
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Faisal University, Alhofuf, SAU
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Lounis M, Belkessa S, Abdelhadi S, Bencherit D, Samara KA, Barqawi HJ. Breast cancer knowledge and practices amongst women in Algeria. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04786-z. [PMID: 37147506 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aims at investigating how Algerian women feel about Breast Cancer (BC) and Breast Self-Examination (BSE) in terms of knowledge and attitude and to determine the factors associated with performing BSE and its reluctance. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional survey between October 14, 2021 and November 14, 2022, targeting Algerian females aged more than 18 years and living in the country using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 436 participants were involved in this study among which 41.28% were aged between 21 and 30 years and 34.86% were aged between 31 and 40 years. The average level of correct responses with regard to knowledge about BC was estimated at 51.31%, whereas it was 32.93% concerning knowledge about BC risk factors. Family history was the less reported incriminating factor for developing BC among the asked women (7.34%). Concerning alarming signs of BC, the current study revealed that Algerian women were less knowledgeable about breast dimpling-puckering (44.27%), breast inward traction (50.23%), breast redness (54.13%), and nipple position change (54.13%). In terms of belief in the utility of BSE in the early detection of BC, almost all the participants (97.98%) were convinced of its utility, whereas 96.33% of them showed an interest in learning more about it. In what concerns the early screening tests, approximately, four-fifth of the participant (77.52%) heard about them, while 94.72% believed that its early detection could reduce the disease's severity and mortality. CONCLUSION These findings revealed an insufficient level of knowledge concerning BC, especially in regard to its risk factors and some alarming signs as well as a lack of knowledge about BSE and other BC screening tests; hence the necessity of awareness campaigns about this disease that should target categories with the lowest level of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lounis
- Department of Agro-Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ziane Achour, BP 3117, Road of Moudjbara, 17000, Djelfa, Algeria.
- Laboratoire d'Exploration et Valorisation des Écosystèmes Steppiques (LEVES), Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ziane Achour, BP 3117, Road of Moudjbara, 17000, Djelfa, Algeria.
| | - Salem Belkessa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ziane Achour, 17000, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Samir Abdelhadi
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Frères Mentouri University, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Djihad Bencherit
- Laboratoire d'Exploration et Valorisation des Écosystèmes Steppiques (LEVES), Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ziane Achour, BP 3117, Road of Moudjbara, 17000, Djelfa, Algeria
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ziane Achour, 17000, Djelfa, Algeria
| | | | - Hiba Jawdat Barqawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Sen S, Khan PK, Wadasadawala T, Mohanty SK. Socio-economic and regional variation in breast and cervical cancer screening among Indian women of reproductive age: a study from National Family Health Survey, 2019-21. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1279. [PMID: 36476339 PMCID: PMC9727878 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In India, breast and cervical cancers account for two-fifths of all cancers and are predominantly prevalent among women in the reproductive age group. The Government of India recommended screening of breast and cervical cancer among women aged 30 years and over. This study examines the socio-economic and regional variations of breast and cervical screening among Indian women in the reproductive age. METHODS A full sample of 707,119 women aged 15-49 and a sub-sample of 357,353 women aged 30-49 from National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21) were used in the analysis. Self-reported ever screening for breast and cervical cancer for women aged 15-49 and women aged 30-49 were outcome variables. A set of socio-economic and risk factors associated with breast and cervical cancer screening were used as the predictors. Logistic regression was used to understand the significant correlates of cancer screening and, concentration index and concentration curve were used to assess the socio-economic inequality in breast and cervical cancer screening. RESULTS The proportion of breast and cervical cancer screening among women aged 30-49 were 877 and 1965 per 100,000 women respectively. Cancer screening was lower among women who were poor, young, had lower educational attainment and resided in rural areas. The concentration index was 0.2 for ever screening of breast cancer and 0.15 for cervical cancer among women aged 30-49 years. The concertation curve for screening of both breast and cervical cancers was pro-rich. Women with higher educational attainment [OR:1.46, 95% CI: 1.31-1.62], aged 40-49 years [OR:1.35; 95% CI: 1.28-1.43], resided in the western [OR:1.62; 95% CI:1.4-1.87] or southern [OR:6.66; 95% CI:5.93-7.49] region had significantly higher odds of up taking either of the screening. The pattern of breast and cervical cancer screening among women aged 15-49 was similar to that of women 30-49. CONCLUSION The overall proportion of cancer screening among women in 30-49 age group is low in India. Early screening and treatment can reduce the burden of these cancers. Creating awareness and providing knowledge on cancer could be a key strategy for reducing the burden of breast and cervical cancers among women in the reproductive age in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumendu Sen
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Pijush Kanti Khan
- grid.464858.30000 0001 0495 1821International Institute of Health Management Research, Delhi, India
| | - Tabassum Wadasadawala
- grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjay K Mohanty
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Duong LT, Chu CQ, Nguyen PT, Nguyen ST, Tran BQ. Edge detection and graph neural networks to classify mammograms: A case study with a dataset from Vietnamese patients. Appl Soft Comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2022.109974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Khapre M, Ravi B, Sharda P, Mehta A, Kumari R. Evaluation of an Interventional Health Education Project: Screening of Breast Cancer and Health Education (SHE). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:2361-2366. [PMID: 35901342 PMCID: PMC9727362 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.7.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing incidence of breast cancer in India, especially among younger women. The study's main objective was to create awareness related to breast cancer and breast self-examination by community health workers and assess the effectiveness of improving knowledge and practice. Secondary objective was to conduct clinical breast examination (CBE) of women and prompt referral. METHODS An outcome evaluation of the Educational Interventional project was conducted in a hilly district of Uttarakhand. Twenty Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) were identified and trained in breast cancer awareness, the procedure of breast self-examination, and screening methods. These ASHA's further created awareness among study participants (women above 30 years). A structured questionnaire on knowledge and practice was administered before and after educational intervention by ASHA workers. Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) camps were held for women at high risk for breast cancer who were referred to the Division of Breast Surgery, AIIMS Rishikesh, for further management. RESULT One thousand sixty-one females participated in health education sessions by ASHAs. There was an improvement in knowledge and practice regarding Breast Self-examination after health education intervention. A low prevalence of risk factors for breast cancer was found among attendees of the CBE camp. 3.2% of participants had abnormalities on breast examination needing further workup. CONCLUSION In the pre-test assessment, we found a low awareness and practice regarding breast cancer which increased significantly among women after behavioral change intervention. The prevalence of risk factors for breast cancer was very low. Trained community health workers were found to be effective in raising awareness, selective screening, and prompt referral.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bina Ravi
- Integrated Breast Care Centre (IBCC) All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
| | - Prateek Sharda
- Integrated Breast Care Centre (IBCC) All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
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Female Healthcare Workers' Knowledge, Attitude towards Breast Cancer, and Perceived Barriers towards Mammogram Screening: A Multicenter Study in North Saudi Arabia. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4300-4314. [PMID: 35735453 PMCID: PMC9222040 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29060344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and other Middle East countries. This analytical cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, attitude towards breast cancer, and barriers to mammogram screening among 414 randomly selected female healthcare workers from multiple healthcare facilities in northern Saudi Arabia. Of the studied population, 48.6% had low knowledge, and 16.1% had a low attitude towards breast cancer risk factors and symptoms. The common barriers to mammogram screening were fear to discover cancer (57.2%) and apprehension regarding radiation exposure (57%). Logistic regression analysis found that lack of awareness regarding mammogram was significantly associated with age (p = 0.030) and healthcare workers category (ref: physicians: p = 0.016). In addition, we found a significant negative correlation between knowledge and barrier scores (Spearman’s rho: −0.315, p < 0.001). It is recommended to develop target-oriented educational programs for the healthcare workers, which would empower them to educate the community regarding the risk factors and the importance of mammogram screening. Furthermore, a prospective study is warranted in other regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to understand the region-specific training needs for the healthcare workers.
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Meshkani Z, Moradi N, Aboutorabi A, Noman S, Motlagh AG, Langarizadeh M. Systematic review of women's knowledge, attitude, and practice towards breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:171. [PMID: 35847154 PMCID: PMC9277722 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_634_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to systematically review the women's knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of breast cancer (BC) screening methods to get enough information for policymakers to orient the screening strategies. All English KAP studies on BC screening methods in five databases up to January 2021 were included. The quality of the final articles was assessed using the STROBE checklist. The qualitative synthesis was performed. Out of 5574 retrieved articles, 28 were included. About 64% of the articles were of high quality. Overall, there were poor knowledge, negative attitude, and low practice between women. The educational programs and cultural plans can encourage regular screening. Women's excessive optimism to their BC risk should be eliminated by focusing on the risk of the disease, more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Meshkani
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Moradi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Aboutorabi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Noman
- Associate Professor of Clinical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari Motlagh
- Associate Professor of Clinical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Langarizadeh
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Asmare K, Birhanu Y, Wako Z. Knowledge, attitude, practice towards breast self-examination and associated factors among women in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: a community-based study. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:174. [PMID: 35568846 PMCID: PMC9107683 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Breast self-examination is one of the non-invasive methods of screening in which a woman looks at her breast for any abnormal findings like lumps, distortions, or swellings. Despite, realized effects of breast self-examination in detecting breast cancer earlier, the vast majority of the cases still present with an advanced stage. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices toward breast self-examination and associated factors among women in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on women living in Gondar town. A simple random sampling method was used to select 571 participants. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used where a p-value < 0.05 was used to identify variables significantly associated with the outcome variable. RESULT From the total of 571 women, about 541 participants were involved in the study with a response rate of 94.7%. Of these, 56%, 46% and 45.8% of women had adequate knowledge, favourable attitudes, and performed breast self-examination (BSE) respectively. Women College and above AOR: 3.8 (95% CI: 1.43-10.14) and spouses College and above AOR: 3.03 (95% CI: 1.04-8.84), Women College and above AOR: 4.18 (95% CI: 1.59-10.92) and history of breast cancer AOR: 6.06 (95% CI: 2.19-16.74) and knowledge level AOR: 2.67 (95% CI: 1.18-6.04) were significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards breast self-examination respectively. CONCLUSION The findings of this study were considerable for inadequate knowledge, unfavourable attitude and poor practice towards BSE among women. Emphasis should be made on boosting the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the women toward breast self-examination and strengthening the implementation of comprehensive, systematic, and continuous BSE educational programs that were recommended along with a breast cancer awareness campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibret Asmare
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yeneabat Birhanu
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zerko Wako
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Zhang M, Wei W, Li Q, Chen X, Zhang M, Zuo D, Liu Q. Determinants of Intention to Participate in Breast Cancer Screening among Urban Chinese Women: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111093. [PMID: 34769613 PMCID: PMC8583142 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significance of early detection of breast cancer through screening, the screening uptake in China remains relatively low. Protection motivation theory (PMT) suggested by Rogers is one of the theories concerning threat appeal. This study aimed to apply the protection motivation theory (PMT) in predicting breast cancer screening intention. In this cross-sectional study, a sample of Chinese urban women was recruited using the convenient sampling method from five communities in Wuhan. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire that included demographic variables, knowledge about breast cancer, six PMT subconstructs, and screening intention. We used the structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify the predictor factors associated with screening intention. Of the total sample (n = 412), 86.65% had intention to participate in screening. Our data fit the hypothesized SEM model well (Goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.91, adjusted GFI (AGFI) = 0.89, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.91, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.05, standardized root mean residual (SRMR) = 0.06, and Chi-square/df = 2.01). Three PMT subconstructs (perceived severity, response cost, and self-efficacy) were significantly associated with screening intention. Knowledge, social status, and medical history had significantly indirect associations with screening intention through the mediating effect of PMT subconstructs. Considering the utility of PMT, intervention programs might be more effective based on the subconstructs of PMT, especially to improve self-efficacy, perceived severity, and knowledge, reduce response cost, as well as targeting specific demographic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (M.Z.); (W.W.); (D.Z.)
| | - Wenshuang Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (M.Z.); (W.W.); (D.Z.)
| | - Qinmei Li
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430015, China;
| | - Xinguang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430079, China;
| | - Dan Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (M.Z.); (W.W.); (D.Z.)
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (M.Z.); (W.W.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1372-026-4816
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Gemeda EY, Kare BB, Negera DG, Bona LG, Derese BD, Akale NB, Kebede KM, Koboto DD, Tekle AG. Prevalence and Predictor of Cervical Cancer Screening Service Uptake Among Women Aged 25 Years and Above in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia, Using Health Belief Model. Cancer Control 2021; 27:1073274820954460. [PMID: 32951445 PMCID: PMC7791476 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820954460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide, and
the second leading cancer in Ethiopia. Screening gives protective benefits
associated with a reduction in the incidence of invasive cervical cancer and
mortality. However, the level of cervical cancer screening uptake is not well
document in the country. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and
predictors of cervical cancer screening service uptake among women aged 25 years
and above in Sidama zone, southern Ethiopia, 2019. A cross-sectional study was
conducted among 838 women aged 25 and above years by using an
interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multi-stage sampling technique was
employed to identify households with women age of 25 and above years who were
residing in the selected kebele for more than 6 months. Descriptive and
multivariable logistic regression done. P-value <0.05 was considered as
significant and presented by adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% C.I. This study
showed that among 838 women, only 17.8% (95%CI, 15.2%-20.5%) have undergone for
cervical cancer screening. Being age of 35-39 (AOR = 5.2, 95% CI = 2.6-10.6),
College and above Educational level (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.5-9.6), Ever had HIV
test (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.82-4.4) and high perceived self-efficacy (AOR = 4.4,
95% CI = 1.527-12.84) were significant predictors for cervical cancer screening
service uptake. The magnitude of cervical cancer screening uptake among women
aged 25 years and above was lower than that of the recommended coverage of the
target group by the national guideline. Age of women, educational status of
women, ever had HIV test, and high perceived self-efficacy were important
factors of cervical cancer screening service uptake. So it is very crucial
improving cervical cancer screening uptake, through creating awareness and
educating women, about the advantage of screening in early detection and
management of cervical cancer screening utilization
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dereje Geleta Negera
- Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 128167Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Lalisa Gemechu Bona
- Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 128167Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Bedilu Deribe Derese
- Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 128167Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Netsanet Bogale Akale
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 128167Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Kurabachew Mengistu Kebede
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 128167Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Dubale Dulla Koboto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 128167Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Knowledge and Practice on Breast Self-Examination and Associated Factors among Summer Class Social Science Undergraduate Female Students in the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. J Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 2021:8162047. [PMID: 33927761 PMCID: PMC8053048 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8162047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a global health concern and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women. Early detection of breast cancer contributes to timely linkage to care and reduction of complications associated with breast cancer. In this context, breast self-examination is helpful to detect breast abnormalities particularly in settings with poor access to healthcare for clinical breast examination and mammography. Thus, all women in such settings are highly encouraged to perform breast self-examination regularly, and shreds of evidences are compulsory in this perspective. In the study setting, there was a scarcity of evidence on breast self-examination. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing knowledge and practice on breast self-examination and its associated factors among summer class female students of social science at Maraki Campus, University of Gondar, Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 01 to September 15/2018. A total of 398 female summer students were included in the study. A simple random sampling technique was utilized to select the study participants, and interviewer-administered structured questionnaires were employed to collect the data. The data were then entered into Epi info version 7.0, and analysis was done by SPSS version 20.0. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted, and the level of significance was declared based on adjusted odds ratio with its 95% CI and a p value ≤ 0.05. Result The proportion of students having a good knowledge and practice of breast self-examination was found to be 27.6% (95% CI: 22.9, 32) and 17.4% (95% CI: 13.8, 21.6), respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, urban residency (AOR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.27, 4.94) and discussion with someone on breast self-examination (AOR = 4.57; 95% CI: 2.42, 8.65) were predictors of good knowledge, whereas family history of breast cancer (AOR = 7.14; 95% CI: 1.75, 25), discussion with someone on breast self-examination (AOR = 3.85; 95% CI: 1.82, 8.33), and good knowledge on breast self -examination (AOR = 12.02; 95% CI: 5.97, 24.20) had been significantly associated with breast self-examination practice. Conclusion In this study, the proportion of students with good knowledge and practice towards breast self-examination was lower than most of the studies done so far. The predictors of breast self-examination are related to lack of information. Thus, awareness creation on breast self-examination would be helpful in this context.
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Reményi Kissné D, Gede N, Szakács Z, Kiss I. Breast cancer screening knowledge among Hungarian women: a cross-sectional study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:69. [PMID: 33588813 PMCID: PMC7885515 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the leading malignant tumor among women worldwide. Although attending regular BC screening effectively reduces cancer-related mortality, surveys testify that screening knowledge is critically low among women. We aimed to conduct a comparative cross-sectional survey to assess BC and BC screening-related knowledge in Hungary. Methods Women between 25 and 65 years of age without a previous history of malignant tumors were included with non-probability sampling in 2017. Respondents were recruited either from primary care (laywomen) or from the waiting rooms of mammography (screening attendees). A self-completion questionnaire was constructed with questions about BC (risk factors, signs and symptoms, curability, and mortality), BC screening (mammography and breast self-examination), and BC-related information sources to assess knowledge among laywomen and screening attendees. In addition to descriptive statistics, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated in univariate analysis and logistic regression was used in multivariate analysis. Results Altogether, 480 women completed the questionnaire, of which 429 (227 laywomen and 202 screening attendees) were eligible for inclusion. Laywomen and screening attendees knew the recommended age at first mammography in 35.2% and 86.6%, the recommended frequency of screening in 33.9% and 12.9%, the recommended age at first breast-self examination in 38.8% and 51.2%, had sufficient knowledge of the risk factors of BC in 7.0% and 5.9%, and that of signs and symptoms of BC in 16.7% and 28.9%, respectively. A higher proportion of screening attendees correctly identified the recommended age of first BC screening correctly than that of laywomen (86.6% vs. 35.2%; p < 0.001). The most popular information sources were television among laywomen and general practitioners or specialists among screening attendees. In multivariate analysis, older age, higher education, and place of residency were significant predictors of the right answers. Conclusions Although knowledge was insufficient in almost all fields of the questionnaire, the most prominent gap was observed concerning risk factors and signs and symptoms of BC both in laywomen and, unexpectedly, screening attendees. Most laywomen were lacking knowledge of screening protocol. These results urge breast health and BC knowledge interventions in Hungary. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-021-01204-9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noémi Gede
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Szakács
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pecs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - István Kiss
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
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Yeshitila YG, Kassa GM, Gebeyehu S, Memiah P, Desta M. Breast self-examination practice and its determinants among women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245252. [PMID: 33444380 PMCID: PMC7808636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival rate from breast cancer is lowest in African countries and the distribution of breast self-examination practice of and its determinants are not well investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the pooled prevalence of breast self-examination and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The databases used were; PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CINAHL, African Journals Online, Dimensions and Summon per country online databases. Search terms used were; breast self-examination, breast cancer screening, early detection of breast cancer and Ethiopia. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal of studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 15 software. The pooled meta-analysis was computed to present the pooled prevalence and relative risks (RRs) of the determinate factors with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We identified 2,637 studies, of which, 40 articles (with 17,820 participants) were eligible for inclusion in the final meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of breast self-examination in Ethiopia was 36.72% (95% CI: 29.90, 43.53). The regional distribution breast self-examination ranged from 21.2% (95% CI: 4.49, 37.91) in Tigray to 61.5% (95% CI: 53.98, 69.02) in Gambela region. The lowest prevalence of breast self-examination was observed among the general population (20.43% (95% CI: 14.13, 26.72)). Women who had non-formal educational status (OR = 0.4 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.77)), family history of breast cancer (OR = 2.04 (95% CI: 1.23, 3.39)), good knowledge of breast self-examination (OR = 4.8 (95% CI: 3.03, 7.6)) and favorable attitude toward breast self-examination (OR = 2.75, (95% CI: 1.66, 4.55)) were significantly associated with practice of breast self-examination. CONCLUSIONS Only a third of women in Ethiopia practiced breast examination despite WHO guidelines advocating for this practice among all women of reproductive age. Intervention programs should address the factors that are associated with breast self-examination. Population specific programs are needed to promote breast self-examination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Selamawit Gebeyehu
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Peter Memiah
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention: Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melaku Desta
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Van Minh H, Van Thuan T, Shu XO. Scientific Evidence for Cancer Control in Vietnam. Cancer Control 2019; 26:1073274819866450. [PMID: 31505938 PMCID: PMC6740048 DOI: 10.1177/1073274819866450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tran Van Thuan
- Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Global Health at Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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