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Atta-Ur-Rahman. Protein Folding and Molecular Basis of Memory: Molecular Vibrations and Quantum Entanglement as Basis of Consciousness. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:258-265. [PMID: 37424348 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230707123345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atta-Ur-Rahman
- Kings College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1st, United Kingdom
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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2
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Atta-Ur-Rahman. Protein Folding and Molecular Basis of Memory. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4317-4319. [PMID: 35532256 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220508173020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atta-Ur-Rahman
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, Pakistan
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3
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Lopatynska-Mazurek M, Pankowska A, Gibula-Tarlowska E, Pietura R, Kotlinska JH. Rapamycin Improves Recognition Memory and Normalizes Amino-Acids and Amines Levels in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in Adult Rats Exposed to Ethanol during the Neonatal Period. Biomolecules 2021; 11:362. [PMID: 33673489 PMCID: PMC7997340 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/ threonine kinase, is implicated in synaptic plasticity by controlling protein synthesis. Research suggests that ethanol exposure during pregnancy alters the mTOR signaling pathway in the fetal hippocampus. Thus, we investigated the influence of pre-treatment with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, on the development of recognition memory deficits in adult rats that were neonatally exposed to ethanol. In the study, male and female rat pups received ethanol (5 g/kg/day) by intragastric intubation at postanatal day (PND 4-9), an equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy. Rapamycin (3 and 10 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally before every ethanol administration. Short- and long-term recognition memory was assessed in the novel object recognition (NOR) task in adult (PND 59/60) rats. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were also evaluated to exclude the influence of such behavior on the outcome of the memory task. Moreover, the effects of rapamycin pre-treatment during neonatal ethanol exposure on the content of amino-acids and amines essential for the proper development of cognitive function in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus was evaluated using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in male adult (PND 60) rats. Our results show the deleterious effect of ethanol given to neonatal rats on long-term recognition memory in adults. The effect was more pronounced in male rather than female rats. Rapamycin reversed this ethanol-induced memory impairment and normalized the levels of amino acids and amines in the DG. This suggests the involvement of mTORC1 in the deleterious effect of ethanol on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Lopatynska-Mazurek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
| | - Anna Pankowska
- Department of Radiography, Medical University, Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Ewa Gibula-Tarlowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
| | - Radoslaw Pietura
- Department of Radiography, Medical University, Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Jolanta H. Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
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4
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What came out of visual memory: Inferences from decay of difference-thresholds. Atten Percept Psychophys 2020; 82:2963-2984. [DOI: 10.3758/s13414-020-02032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Developing Trojan horses to induce, diagnose and suppress Alzheimer’s pathology. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Spatial Dynamics of Vascular and Biochemical Injury in Rat Hippocampus Following Striatal Injury and Aβ Toxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2714-2727. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cacha LA, Ali J, Rizvi ZH, Yupapin PP, Poznanski RR. Nonsynaptic plasticity model of long-term memory engrams. J Integr Neurosci 2018; 16:493-509. [PMID: 28891529 DOI: 10.3233/jin-170038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using steady-state electrical properties of non-ohmic dendrite based on cable theory, we derive electrotonic potentials that do not change over time and are localized in space. We hypothesize that clusters of such stationary, local and permanent pulses are the electrical signatures of enduring memories which are imprinted through nonsynaptic plasticity, encoded through epigenetic mechanisms, and decoded through electrotonic processing. We further hypothesize how retrieval of an engram is made possible by integration of these permanently imprinted standing pulses in a neural circuit through neurotransmission in the extracellular space as part of conscious recall that acts as a guiding template in the reconsolidation of long-term memories through novelty characterized by uncertainty that arises when new fragments of memories reinstate an engram by way of nonsynaptic plasticity that permits its destabilization. Collectively, these findings seem to reinforce this hypothesis that electrotonic processing in non-ohmic dendrites yield insights into permanent electrical signatures that could reflect upon enduring memories as fragments of long-term memory engrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Cacha
- Laser Centre, Ibnu Sina ISIR, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - J Ali
- Laser Centre, Ibnu Sina ISIR, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia.,Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Z H Rizvi
- Laser Centre, Ibnu Sina ISIR, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - P P Yupapin
- Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, District 7, Vietnam
| | - R R Poznanski
- Faculty of Biosciences & Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
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Amtul Z, Yang J, Nikolova S, Lee TY, Bartha R, Cechetto DF. The Dynamics of Impaired Blood-Brain Barrier Restoration in a Rat Model of Co-morbid Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8071-8083. [PMID: 29508280 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Defect in brain microperfusion is increasingly recognized as an antecedent event to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ischemia. Nevertheless, studies on the role of impaired microperfusion as a pathological trigger to neuroinflammation, Aβ deposition as well as blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and the etiological link between AD and ischemia are lacking. In this study, we employ in vivo sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) imaging in a co-morbid rat model of β-amyloid toxicity (Aβ) and ischemia (ET1) with subsequent histopathology of striatal lesion core and penumbra at 1, 7, and 28 days post injury. Within 24 h, cerebral injury resulted in increased BBB permeability due to the dissolution of β-dystroglycan (β-DG) and basement membrane laminin by active matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP9). As a result, net flow of circulating IgG down a hydrostatic gradient into the parenchyma led to vasogenic edema and impaired perfusion, thus increasing the apparent hyperintensity in true fast imaging with steady-state free precession (true FISP) imaging and acute hypoperfusion in CT. This was followed by a slow recruitment of reactive astroglia to the affected brain and depolarization of aquaporin4 (AQP4) expression resulting in cytotoxic edema-in an attempt to resolve vasogenic edema. On d28, functional BBB was restored in ET1 rats as observed by astrocytic MMP9 release, β-DG stabilization, and new vessel formation. This was confirmed by reduced hyperintensity on true FISP imaging and normalized cerebral blood flow in CT. While, Aβ toxicity alone was not detrimental enough, Aβ+ET1 rats showed delayed differential expression of MMP9, late recruitment of astroglial cells, protracted loss of AQP4 depolarization, and thus delayed BBB restoration and cerebral perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zareen Amtul
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Jun Yang
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5K7, Canada
| | - Simona Nikolova
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5K7, Canada
| | - Ting-Yim Lee
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5K7, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5K7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - David F Cechetto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
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Igamberdiev AU, Shklovskiy-Kordi NE. The quantum basis of spatiotemporality in perception and consciousness. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 130:15-25. [PMID: 28232245 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Living systems inhabit the area of the world which is shaped by the predictable space-time of physical objects and forces that can be incorporated into their perception pattern. The process of selecting a "habitable" space-time is the internal quantum measurement in which living systems become embedded into the environment that supports their living state. This means that living organisms choose a coordinate system in which the influence of measurement is minimal. We discuss specific roles of biological macromolecules, in particular of the cytoskeleton, in shaping perception patterns formed in the internal measurement process. Operation of neuron is based on the transmission of signals via cytoskeleton where the digital output is generated that can be decoded through a reflective action of the perceiving agent. It is concluded that the principle of optimality in biology as formulated by Liberman et al. (BioSystems 22, 135-154, 1989) is related to the establishment of spatiotemporal patterns that are maximally predictable and can hold the living state for a prolonged time. This is achieved by the selection of a habitable space approximated to the conditions described by classical physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
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Amtul Z, Aziz AA. Microbial Proteins as Novel Industrial Biotechnology Hosts to Treat Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:8211-8224. [PMID: 27905012 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is characterized by the hyperexcitability of various neuronal circuits that results due to the imbalance between glutamate-mediated excitation of voltage-gated cation channels and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition of anion channels leading to aberrant, sporadic oscillations or fluctuations in neuronal electrical activity. Epilepsy with a risk of mortality and around 65 million sufferers of all ages all over the world is limited therapeutically with high rates of adverse reactions, lack of complete seizure control, and over 30% patients with refractory epilepsy. The only alternative to medicines is to identify and surgically remove the seizure foci in the brain or to abort the seizures just as they begin using an implanted cerebral electrode. However, these alternatives are unable to precisely aim aberrant neuronal circuits while leaving others unaltered. Epilepsy animal models also constitute the identical constraint. Thus, a better target-specific approach is needed to study and treat epilepsy. Unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii expresses a channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) sodium ion channel protein that controls the phototaxis movement of algae in response to blue light. Similarly, archaeon Natronomonas pharaonis (NpHR) expresses a monovalent Cl- channel protein halorhodopsin that responds to yellow light. These features of ChR2 and NpHR proteins can be used in optogenetic techniques to manipulate the bi-directional firing pattern of neuronal circuits in an attempt to better understand the pathophysiology of epileptic seizures as well as to discover novel potential drugs to treat epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zareen Amtul
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Amal A Aziz
- Sir Wilfrid Laurier Secondary School, Thames Valley District School Board, N6C 4W7, London, ON, Canada
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Chu S, Liu S, Duan W, Cheng Y, Jiang X, Zhu C, Tang K, Wang R, Xu L, Wang X, Yu X, Wu K, Wang Y, Wang M, Huang H, Zhang J. The anti-dementia drug candidate, (−)-clausenamide, improves memory impairment through its multi-target effect. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:179-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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