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Hou Y, Li Y, Yang D, Zhao Y, Feng T, Zheng W, Xian P, Liu X, Wu S, Wang Y. Involvement and regulation of the left anterior cingulate cortex in the ultrasonic communication deficits of autistic mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1387447. [PMID: 38813469 PMCID: PMC11133516 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1387447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of diseases often characterized by poor sociability and challenges in social communication. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a core brain region for social function. Whether it contributes to the defects of social communication in ASD and whether it could be physiologically modulated to improve social communication have been poorly investigated. This study is aimed at addressing these questions. Methods Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) mutant and valproic acid (VPA)-induced ASD mice were used. Male-female social interaction was adopted to elicit ultrasonic vocalization (USV). Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate USV-activated neurons. Optogenetic and precise target transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were utilized to modulate anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neuronal activity. Results In wild-type (WT) mice, USV elicited rapid expression of c-Fos in the excitatory neurons of the left but not the right ACC. Optogenetic inhibition of the left ACC neurons in WT mice effectively suppressed social-induced USV. In FMR1-/-- and VPA-induced ASD mice, significantly fewer c-Fos/CaMKII-positive neurons were observed in the left ACC following USV compared to the control. Optogenetic activation of the left ACC neurons in FMR1-/- or VPA-pretreated mice significantly increased social activity elicited by USV. Furthermore, precisely stimulating neuronal activity in the left ACC, but not the right ACC, by repeated TMS effectively rescued the USV emission in these ASD mice. Discussion The excitatory neurons in the left ACC are responsive to socially elicited USV. Their silence mediates the deficiency of social communication in FMR1-/- and VPA-induced ASD mice. Precisely modulating the left ACC neuronal activity by repeated TMS can promote the social communication in FMR1-/- and VPA-pretreated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Hou
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dingding Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Youyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research, Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tingwei Feng
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei’an Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Panpan Xian
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Cutia CA, Leverton LK, Christian-Hinman CA. Sex and estrous cycle stage shape left-right asymmetry in chronic hippocampal seizures in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.20.524965. [PMID: 36712086 PMCID: PMC9882284 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lateralization of hippocampal function is indicated by varied outcomes of patients with neurological disorders that selectively affect one hemisphere of this structure, such as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The intrahippocampal kainic acid (IHKA) injection model of TLE allows for targeted damage to the left or right hippocampus, enabling systematic comparison of effects of left-right asymmetry on seizure and non-seizure outcomes. Although varying non-seizure phenotypic outcomes based on injection side in dorsal hippocampus were recently evaluated in this model, differences in chronic seizure patterns in left- (IHKA-L) vs. right-injected (IHKA-R) IHKA animals have yet to be evaluated. Here, we evaluated hippocampal seizure incidence in male and female IHKA-L and IHKA-R mice. Females displayed increased electrographic seizure activity compared to males at both 2 months and 4 months post-injection (mpi). In addition, IHKA-L females showed higher seizure frequency than IHKA-R on diestrus and estrus at 2 mpi, but seizure duration and time in seizures were only higher in IHKA-L females on diestrus. These cycle stage-associated changes, however, did not persist to 4 mpi. Furthermore, this lateralized difference in seizure burden was not observed in males. These results indicate for the first time that the side of IHKA injection can shape chronic electrographic seizure burden. Overall, these results demonstrate a female-specific left-right asymmetry in hippocampal function can interact with estrous cycle stage to shape chronic seizures in mice with epilepsy, with implications for neural activity and behavior in both normal and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn A. Cutia
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
| | - Leanna K. Leverton
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
| | - Catherine A. Christian-Hinman
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
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Cholvin T, Bartos M. Hemisphere-specific spatial representation by hippocampal granule cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6227. [PMID: 36266288 PMCID: PMC9585038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) output plays a key role in the emergence of spatial and contextual map representation within the hippocampus during learning. Differences in neuronal network activity have been observed between left and right CA1-3 areas, implying lateralization in spatial coding properties. Whether bilateral differences of DG granule cell (GC) assemblies encoding spatial and contextual information exist remains largely unexplored. Here, we employed two-photon calcium imaging of the left or the right DG to record the activity of GC populations over five consecutive days in head-fixed mice navigating through familiar and novel virtual environments. Imaging revealed similar mean GC activity on both sides. However, spatial tuning, context-selectivity and run-to-run place field reliability was markedly higher for DG place cells in the left than the right hemisphere. Moreover, the proportion of GCs reconfiguring their place fields between contexts was greater in the left DG. Thus, our data suggest that contextual information is differentially processed by GC populations depending on the hemisphere, with higher context discrimination in the left but a bias towards generalization in the right DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Cholvin
- grid.5963.9Institute for Physiology I, University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Bartos
- grid.5963.9Institute for Physiology I, University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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De Meo E, Portaccio E, Prestipino E, Nacmias B, Bagnoli S, Razzolini L, Pastò L, Niccolai C, Goretti B, Bellinvia A, Fonderico M, Giorgio A, Stromillo ML, Filippi M, Sorbi S, De Stefano N, Amato MP. Effect of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on hippocampal subfields in multiple sclerosis patients. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1010-1019. [PMID: 34650209 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism was shown to strongly affect BDNF function, but its role in modulating gray matter damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is still not clear. Given BDNF relevance on the hippocampus, we aimed to explore BDNF Val66Met polymorphism effect on hippocampal subfield volumes and its role in cognitive functioning in MS patients. Using a 3T scanner, we obtained dual-echo and 3DT1-weighted sequences from 50 MS patients and 15 healthy controls (HC) consecutively enrolled. MS patients also underwent genotype analysis of BDNF, neurological and neuropsychological evaluation. Hippocampal subfields were segmented by using Freesurfer. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was found in 22 MS patients (44%). Compared to HC, MS patients had lower volume in: bilateral hippocampus-amygdala transition area (HATA); cornus ammonis (CA)1, granule cell layer of dentate gyrus (GCL-DG), CA4 and CA3 of the left hippocampal head; molecular layer (ML) of the left hippocampal body; presubiculum of right hippocampal body and right fimbria. Compared to BDNF Val66Val, Val66Met MS patients had higher volume in bilateral hippocampal tail; CA1, ML, CA3, CA4, and GCL-DG of left hippocampal head; CA1, ML, and CA3 of the left hippocampal body; left HATA and presubiculum of the right hippocampal head. In MS patients, higher lesion burden was associated with lower volume of presubiculum of right hippocampal body; lower volume of left hippocampal tail was associated with worse visuospatial memory performance; lower volume of left hippocampal head with worse performance in semantic fluency. Our findings suggest the BNDF Val66Met polymorphism may have a protective role in MS patients against both hippocampal atrophy and cognitive impairment. BDNF genotype might be a potential biomarker for predicting cognitive prognosis, and an interesting target to study for neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda De Meo
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Emilio Portaccio
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Elio Prestipino
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Pastò
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Benedetta Goretti
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit,, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola De Stefano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Amato
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
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Pimentel GA, Crestani AM, Florindo LH. Do spatial and recognition memories have a lateralized processing by the dorsal hippocampus CA3? Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113566. [PMID: 34499937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the function of the right and left CA3 of the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) in the processing of (i) recognition memory, (ii) recent and remote spatial memory, (iii) working memory and (iv) navigation strategy. Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: vehicle group (VG), animals received a bilateral injection of phosphate-saline buffer (PBS) in both right and left dorsal CA3; dHPC-R group, animals received an injection of ibotenic acid (IBO) in the right dorsal CA3; dHPC-L group, animals received an IBO injection in left dorsal CA3; and dHPC-Bi group, animals received bilateral injections of IBO in both dorsal CA3. Rats were submitted to a sequence of behavioral tests: Morris water maze (MWM), object recognition test (ORT), forced T-maze and MWM 30 days after the first exposure. The results showed no evidence of functional lateralization and the dorsal CA3 does not seem to be essential for learning and memory (recent and remote) processing and allocentric navigation analyzed in the MWM and T-maze, respectively. However, rats with right or bilateral lesions in the dorsal CA3 failed to recognize the familiar object in the ORT, suggesting a lateralized processing of recognition memory. That result is unprecedented and contributes to the knowledge about the compartmentalization of HPC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Araujo Pimentel
- Department of Zoology and Botany, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil; Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265̥, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Ariela Maltarolo Crestani
- Department of Zoology and Botany, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil; Join Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos/Universidade Estadual Paulista (UFSCar/UNESP), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235̥, São Carlos, SP13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Henrique Florindo
- Department of Zoology and Botany, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil; Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265̥, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil; Join Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos/Universidade Estadual Paulista (UFSCar/UNESP), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235̥, São Carlos, SP13565-905, Brazil.
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Jordan JT, Tong Y, Pytte CL. Transection of the ventral hippocampal commissure impairs spatial reference but not contextual or spatial working memory. Learn Mem 2022; 29:29-37. [PMID: 34911801 PMCID: PMC8686591 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053483.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity is a neural phenomenon in which experience induces long-lasting changes to neuronal circuits and is at the center of most neurobiological theories of learning and memory. However, too much plasticity is maladaptive and must be balanced with substrate stability. Area CA3 of the hippocampus provides such a balance via hemispheric lateralization, with the left hemisphere dominant in providing plasticity and the right specialized for stability. Left and right CA3 project bilaterally to CA1; however, it is not known whether this downstream merging of lateralized plasticity and stability is functional. We hypothesized that interhemispheric convergence of input from these pathways is essential for integrating spatial memory stored in the left CA3 with navigational working memory facilitated by the right CA3. To test this, we severed interhemispheric connections between the left and right hippocampi in mice and assessed learning and memory. Despite damage to this major hippocampal fiber tract, hippocampus-dependent navigational working memory and short- and long-term memory were both spared. However, tasks that required the integration of information retrieved from memory with ongoing navigational working memory and navigation were impaired. We propose that one function of interhemispheric communication in the mouse hippocampus is to integrate lateralized processing of plastic and stable circuits to facilitate memory-guided spatial navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake T. Jordan
- Department of Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York 11016, USA,CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 11016, USA
| | - Yi Tong
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367, USA
| | - Carolyn L. Pytte
- Department of Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York 11016, USA,CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 11016, USA,Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367, USA,Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 11016, USA
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Recurrent rewiring of the adult hippocampal mossy fiber system by a single transcriptional regulator, Id2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108239118. [PMID: 34599103 PMCID: PMC8501755 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108239118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons have an exceptional capacity to grow axons and form synaptic circuits during development but not later life. In adults, the lack of circuit formation may support retention of skilled actions and memories but also limits regeneration and repair after injuries and in disorders. Research on developing and damaged neurons has revealed many molecules that help circuit formation and regeneration, and yet factors that could induce axon growth and synapse formation in adult brain neurons remain elusive. Here, we searched for such key molecules and find one that alone can induce complete circuit formation. After engineering a new circuit in adult mice, we also looked into its function and relevance for memories. Circuit formation in the central nervous system has been historically studied during development, after which cell-autonomous and nonautonomous wiring factors inactivate. In principle, balanced reactivation of such factors could enable further wiring in adults, but their relative contributions may be circuit dependent and are largely unknown. Here, we investigated hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting to gain insight into wiring mechanisms in mature circuits. We found that sole ectopic expression of Id2 in granule cells is capable of driving mossy fiber sprouting in healthy adult mouse and rat. Mice with the new mossy fiber circuit solved spatial problems equally well as controls but appeared to rely on local rather than global spatial cues. Our results demonstrate reprogrammed connectivity in mature neurons by one defined factor and an assembly of a new synaptic circuit in adult brain.
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Rizzolo L, Leger M, Corvaisier S, Groussard M, Platel H, Bouet V, Schumann-Bard P, Freret T. Long-Term Music Exposure Prevents Age-Related Cognitive Deficits in Rats Independently of Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:620-634. [PMID: 32959057 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline appears across aging. While some studies report beneficial effects of musical listening and practice on cognitive aging, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unknown. This study aims to determine whether chronic (6 h/day, 3 times/week) and long-lasting (4-8 months) music exposure, initiated at middle age in rats (15 months old), can influence behavioral parameters sensitive to age effects and reduce age-related spatial memory decline in rats. Spontaneous locomotor, circadian rhythmic activity, and anxiety-like behavior as well as spatial working and reference memory were assessed in 14-month-old rats and then after 4 and 8 months of music exposure (19 and 23 months old, respectively). Spatial learning and reference memory data were followed up by considering cognitive status of animals prior to music exposure (14 months old) given by K-means clustering of individual Z-score. Hippocampal cell proliferation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were measured. Results show that music exposure differentially rescues age-related deficits in spatial navigation tasks according to its duration without affecting spontaneous locomotor, circadian rhythmic activity, and anxiety-like behavior. Hippocampal cell proliferation as well as hippocampal and frontal cortex BDNF levels was not affected by music across aging. Cognitive improvement by music in aging rats may require distinct neurobiological mechanisms than hippocampal cell proliferation and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Rizzolo
- Normandie University, Unicaen, INSERM, COMETE, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Marianne Leger
- Normandie University, Unicaen, INSERM, COMETE, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sophie Corvaisier
- Normandie University, Unicaen, INSERM, COMETE, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Mathilde Groussard
- Normandie University, Unicaen, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM U1077, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- PSL Research University, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Platel
- Normandie University, Unicaen, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM U1077, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- PSL Research University, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Valentine Bouet
- Normandie University, Unicaen, INSERM, COMETE, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Pascale Schumann-Bard
- Normandie University, Unicaen, INSERM, COMETE, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Freret
- Normandie University, Unicaen, INSERM, COMETE, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
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Biechele G, Wind K, Blume T, Sacher C, Beyer L, Eckenweber F, Franzmeier N, Ewers M, Zott B, Lindner S, Gildehaus FJ, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Tahirovic S, Willem M, Bartenstein P, Cumming P, Rominger A, Herms J, Brendel M. Microglial activation in the right amygdala-entorhinal-hippocampal complex is associated with preserved spatial learning in App NL-G-F mice. Neuroimage 2020; 230:117707. [PMID: 33385560 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer`s disease (AD), regional heterogeneity of β-amyloid burden and microglial activation of individual patients is a well-known phenomenon. Recently, we described a high incidence of inter-individual regional heterogeneity in terms of asymmetry of plaque burden and microglial activation in β-amyloid mouse models of AD as assessed by positron-emission-tomography (PET). We now investigate the regional associations between amyloid plaque burden, microglial activation, and impaired spatial learning performance in transgenic mice in vivo. METHODS In 30 AppNL-G-F mice (15 female, 15 male) we acquired cross-sectional 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO-PET, 18F-GE-180) and β-amyloid-PET (18F-florbetaben) scans at ten months of age. Control data were obtained from age- and sex-matched C57BI/6 wild-type mice. We assessed spatial learning (i.e. Morris water maze) within two weeks of PET scanning and correlated the principal component of spatial learning performance scores with voxel-wise β-amyloid and TSPO tracer uptake maps in AppNL-G-F mice, controlled for age and sex. In order to assess the effects of hemispheric asymmetry, we also analyzed correlations of spatial learning performance with tracer uptake in bilateral regions of interest for frontal cortex, entorhinal/piriform cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, using a regression model. We tested the correlation between regional asymmetry of PET biomarkers with individual spatial learning performance. RESULTS Voxel-wise analyses in AppNL-G-F mice revealed that higher TSPO-PET signal in the amygdala, entorhinal and piriform cortices, the hippocampus and the hypothalamus correlated with spatial learning performance. Region-based analysis showed significant correlations between TSPO expression in the right entorhinal/piriform cortex and the right amygdala and spatial learning performance, whereas there were no such correlations in the left hemisphere. Right lateralized TSPO expression in the amygdala predicted better performance in the Morris water maze (β = -0.470, p = 0.013), irrespective of the global microglial activation and amyloid level. Region-based results for amyloid-PET showed no significant associations with spatial learning. CONCLUSION Elevated microglial activation in the right amygdala-entorhinal-hippocampal complex of AppNL-G-F mice is associated with better spatial learning. Our findings support a protective role of microglia on cognitive function when they highly express TSPO in specific brain regions involved in spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Biechele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Karin Wind
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Eckenweber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
| | - Michael Ewers
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
| | - Benedikt Zott
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Gildehaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sabina Tahirovic
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Herms
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Center of Neuropathology and Prion Research, University of Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Unmasking the relevance of hemispheric asymmetries—Break on through (to the other side). Prog Neurobiol 2020; 192:101823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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The lateralization of left hippocampal CA3 during the retrieval of spatial working memory. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2901. [PMID: 32518226 PMCID: PMC7283476 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal CA3 contributes to spatial working memory (SWM), but which stage of SWM the CA3 neurons act on and whether the lateralization of CA3 function occurs in SWM is also unknown. Here, we reveal increased neural activity in both sample and choice phases of SWM. Left CA3 (LCA3) neurons show higher sensitivity in the choice phase during the correct versus error trials compared with right CA3 (RCA3) neurons. LCA3 initiates firing prior to RCA3 in the choice phase. Optogenetic suppression of pyramidal neurons in LCA3 disrupts SWM only in the choice phase. Furthermore, we discover that parvalbumin (PV) neurons, rather than cholinergic neurons in the medial septum (DB were cholinergic neurons), can project directly to unilateral CA3. Selective suppression of PV neurons in the MS projecting to LCA3 impairs SWM. The findings suggest that MSPV-LCA3 projection plays a crucial role in manipulating the lateralization of LCA3 in the retrieval of SWM. The CA3 region of the hippocampus is involved in spatial working memory. Here, the authors show that neurons in the left CA3 are more active in the choice phase of correct trials of spatial working memory than neurons in the right CA3, revealing lateralization of spatial working memory.
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13
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Deng Y, Liu K, Pan Y, Ren J, Shang J, Chen L, Liu H. TLR2 antagonism attenuates the hippocampal neuronal damage in a murine model of sleep apnea via inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Sleep Breath 2020; 24:1613-1621. [PMID: 32170671 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in humans chronically promotes the neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is pivotal for the development of numerous hippocampal diseases. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a prominent feature of OSA. Here in our study, the effects of TLR2 antagonism on the neural damage elicited by CIH were examined. METHODS Ortho-vanillin (O-vanillin) is an inhibitor of TLR2. Adult male mice were subjected to 8 h of intermittent hypoxia per day with or without O-vanillin for 28 days. Neuronal damage, the number of microglia, the interaction of TLR2 with its adapter protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88), the expressions of inflammatory cytokines, and the oxidative stress were observed. RESULTS O-vanillin inhibited the increased interaction of TLR2 and MyD88, the activation of NFκB, the aggregation of microglia, the overexpression of proinflammatory agents, the elevation of oxidative stress, and hippocampal neuron cell apoptosis induced by CIH. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments indicate that TLR2 antagonism may alleviate the hippocampal neuronal damage caused by CIH via inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yueying Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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14
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Jordan JT. The rodent hippocampus as a bilateral structure: A review of hemispheric lateralization. Hippocampus 2019; 30:278-292. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jake T. Jordan
- Department of BiologyThe Graduate Center, City University of New York New York New York
- Department of PsychologyQueens College, City University of New York Flushing New York
- Department of NeuroscienceAlbert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY 10461
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15
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Kaptan Z, Dar KA, Kapucu A, Bulut H, Üzüm G. Effect of enriched environment and predictable chronic stress on spatial memory in adolescent rats: Predominant expression of BDNF, nNOS, and interestingly malondialdehyde in the right hippocampus. Brain Res 2019; 1721:146326. [PMID: 31299186 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms that promote divergence of function between left and right in the hippocampus, which is most affected by external factors and critical for spatial memory. We investigated the levels of memory-related mediators in the left and right hippocampus and spatial memory in rats exposed to predictable chronic stress (PCS) and an enriched environment (EE) during adolescence. Twenty-eight-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (standard cages), PCS (15 min/day immobilization stress for four weeks), and EE (one hour/day environmentally enriched cages for four weeks) groups. After the applications, spatial memory was tested with the Morris water maze, and the serum levels of corticosterone were evaluated. The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which are critical for synaptic plasticity; malondialdehyde (MDA; lipid-peroxidation indicator); protein carbonyl (protein-oxidation indicator); and superoxide dismutase (antioxidant enzyme) were evaluated in the left and right hippocampus. Corticosterone levels in both the PCS and EE groups did not change compared with control. In both the PCS and EE groups, spatial memory improved and BDNF was increased in both halves of the hippocampus, still there was an asymmetry. nNOS levels were increased in the dentate gyrus and CA1 regions of the right hippocampus in both PCS and EE groups. MDA levels were increased but PCO levels were decreased in the right hippocampus in both the PCS and EE groups, but SOD did not change in either half of the hippocampus. Our results suggest that both PCS and EE improved spatial memory by increasing BDNF and nNOS in the right hippocampus and that, interestingly; MDA could be the physiological signal molecule in the right hippocampus for spatial memory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zülal Kaptan
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Akgün Dar
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Kapucu
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Turkey
| | - Huri Bulut
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Turkey
| | - Gülay Üzüm
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Turkey.
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16
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Behavioral state-dependent lateralization of dorsal dentate gyrus c-Fos expression in mice. Neuronal Signal 2019; 3:NS20180206. [PMID: 32269834 PMCID: PMC7104318 DOI: 10.1042/ns20180206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemispheric lateralization is a fundamental organizing principle of nervous systems across taxonomic groups with bilateral symmetry. The mammalian hippocampus is lateralized anatomically, physiologically, and chemically; however, functional asymmetries are not yet well understood. Imaging studies in humans have implicated the left and right hippocampus in specialized processing. However, it is not clear if lateralized activity occurs in the rodent hippocampus. c-Fos imaging in animals provides a measure of neuronal activity with a resolution at the level of single cells. The aim of the present study was to determine whether lateralized activity-dependent c-Fos expression occurs in the rodent hippocampus. To understand functional lateralization of hippocampal processing, we compared interhemispheric expression of c-Fos in the dentate gyrus (DG), a structure involved in encoding new experiences, in mice that ran on a wheel, encoded a novel object, or remained in home cages. We found that wheel running (WR) induced the greatest amount of DG c-Fos expression in both hemispheres, with no difference between hemispheres. Object exploration (OB) resulted in left-lateralized DG c-Fos expression, whereas control (CON) mice were not lateralized. We then sought to determine whether differential consideration of hemispheres might influence the conclusions of a study by simulating common cell quantitation methods. We found that different approaches led to different conclusions. These data demonstrate lateralization of neuronal activity in the mouse DG corresponding to the experience of the animal and show that differentially considering hemisphere leads to alternative conclusions.
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17
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Zapara TA, Romashchenko AV, Proskura AL, Ratushnyak AS. Effect of physical activity on structural asymmetry of mouse hippocampus. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of studies of adult neurogenesis is evident in connection with the potential use of these new neurons to replace neurons lost in the process of life. Despite considerable efforts, little is known about the fnal fate of these cells, the functional signifcance of their connections and the regulation of their development. It is known that physical activity signifcantly increases the number of fssile progenitors, the precursors of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. The existing immunohistochemical methods for labeling new neurons do not allow tracing the temporal dynamics of changes in the volume of brain structures in the same animal, induced by external impacts, such as voluntary exercise. This makes it an urgent task to develop and improve methods for longterm control of changes that occur in the adult hippocampus due to the induction of neurogenesis. The main purpose of this work was to noninvasively track, by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the temporal dynamics of changes in the volume of the hippocampus in the same animals that had voluntary physical activity. It was found that voluntary exercise did not change the total volume of the mouse hippocampus. However, the difference in the volume ratio between the right and left parts of the hippocampus was signifcantly lower compared with the control group. The reconstruction and analysis of proteinprotein interactions that ensure the survival of a large number of new neurons and their integration into existing neural networks in the hippocampus have been carried out. The proposed approach allows the noninvasive registration of changes in the ratio of the volumes of these paired brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Zapara
- The Institute of Computational Technologies, SB RAS
| | - A. V. Romashchenko
- The Institute of Computational Technologies, SB RAS; Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS
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18
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Kulason S, Tward DJ, Brown T, Sicat CS, Liu CF, Ratnanather JT, Younes L, Bakker A, Gallagher M, Albert M, Miller MI. Cortical thickness atrophy in the transentorhinal cortex in mild cognitive impairment. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 21:101617. [PMID: 30552075 PMCID: PMC6412863 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the atrophy rates of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to controls in four regions within the medial temporal lobe: the transentorhinal cortex (TEC), entorhinal cortex (ERC), hippocampus, and amygdala. These regions were manually segmented and then corrected for undesirable longitudinal variability via Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping (LDDMM) based longitudinal diffeomorphometry. Diffeomorphometry techniques were used to compare thickness measurements in the TEC with the ERC. There were more significant changes in thickness atrophy rate in the TEC than medial regions of the entorhinal cortex. Volume measures were also calculated for all four regions. Classifiers were constructed using linear discriminant analysis to demonstrate that average thickness and atrophy rate of TEC together was the most discriminating measure compared to the thickness and volume measures in the areas examined, in differentiating MCI from controls. These findings are consistent with autopsy findings demonstrating that initial neuronal changes are found in TEC before spreading more medially in the ERC and to other regions in the medial temporal lobe. These findings suggest that the TEC thickness could serve as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease in the prodromal phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Kulason
- Center for Imaging Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Daniel J Tward
- Center for Imaging Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Timothy Brown
- Center for Imaging Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Chelsea S Sicat
- Center for Imaging Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Chin-Fu Liu
- Center for Imaging Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - J Tilak Ratnanather
- Center for Imaging Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Laurent Younes
- Center for Imaging Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael I Miller
- Center for Imaging Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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19
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Hippocampal Lateralization and Synaptic Plasticity in the Intact Rat: No Left-Right Asymmetry in Electrically Induced CA3-CA1 Long-Term Potentiation. Neuroscience 2018; 397:147-158. [PMID: 30513373 PMCID: PMC6347473 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is not a unitary, homogeneous brain area. Anatomical and functional specialization is evident along the septotemporal axis of the structure, and between the left and right hemispheres. In the mouse brain, a left-right asymmetry has been discovered in the plasticity of CA3-CA1 projections originating in the left versus right hippocampus. Presynaptic afferents originating in the left hemisphere-including both uncrossed Schaffer collaterals, and crossed commissural projections to the contralateral CA1-form small, plastic synapses, whereas afferents originating in right CA3 contact larger, less plastic, synapses. Studies using optogenetic techniques to selectively activate fibers originating from one hemisphere in ex vivo slices have revealed that projections originating from left CA3 exhibit a far greater capacity for long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength than those originating on the right. However, corresponding data from rats are currently unavailable, leaving open the question of species differences in hippocampal symmetry. In the current study, we reanalyzed data from our previous in vivo LTP work to address this issue. We analyzed plasticity in independent Schaffer collateral and commissural projections to CA1 originating from left and right CA3 in male Lister-hooded rats. However, we found no differences in the magnitude and duration of LTP induced in either crossed or uncrossed pathways following high-frequency tetanization of left versus right CA3. This contrast with previous findings may stem from methodological differences between in vivo electrical and ex vivo optogenetic approaches, but may reflect a genuine species difference in the organization and laterality of the rodent CA3-CA1 system.
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20
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Li H, Jia X, Qi Z, Fan X, Ma T, Pang R, Ni H, Li CSR, Lu J, Li K. Disrupted Functional Connectivity of Cornu Ammonis Subregions in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Resting-State fMRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:413. [PMID: 30420801 PMCID: PMC6216144 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The cornu ammonis (CA), as part of the hippocampal formation, represents a primary target region of neural degeneration in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Previous studies have revealed subtle structural deficits of the CA subregions (CA1-CA3, bilateral) in aMCI; however, it is not clear how the network function is impacted by aMCI. The present study examined longitudinal changes in resting state functional connectivity (FC) of each CA subregion and how these changes relate to neuropsychological profiles in aMCI. Methods: Twenty aMCI and 20 healthy control (HC) participants underwent longitudinal cognitive assessment and resting state functional MRI scans at baseline and 15 months afterward. Imaging data were processed with published routines in SPM8 and CONN software. Two-way analysis of covariance was performed with covariates of age, gender, education level, follow up interval, gray matter volume, mean FD, as well as global correlation (GCOR). Pearson’s correlation was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the longitudinal changes in CA subregional FC and neuropsychological performance in aMCI subjects. Results: Resting state FC between the right CA1 and right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) as well as between the left CA2 and bilateral cuneal cortex (CC) were decreased in aMCI subjects as compared to HC. Longitudinal decrease in FC between the right CA1 and right MTG was correlated with reduced capacity of episodic memory in aMCI subjects. Conclusion: The current findings suggest functional alterations in the CA subregions. CA1 connectivity with the middle temporal cortex may represent an important neural marker of memory dysfunction in aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqin Jia
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Qi
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Pang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
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21
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Akhrif A, Romanos M, Domschke K, Schmitt-Boehrer A, Neufang S. Fractal Analysis of BOLD Time Series in a Network Associated With Waiting Impulsivity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1378. [PMID: 30337880 PMCID: PMC6180197 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractal phenomena can be found in numerous scientific areas including neuroscience. Fractals are structures, in which the whole has the same shape as its parts. A specific structure known as pink noise (also called fractal or 1/f noise) is one key fractal manifestation, exhibits both stability and adaptability, and can be addressed via the Hurst exponent (H). FMRI studies using H on regional fMRI time courses used fractality as an important characteristic to unravel neural networks from artificial noise. In this fMRI-study, we examined 103 healthy male students at rest and while performing the 5-choice serial reaction time task. We addressed fractality in a network associated with waiting impulsivity using the adaptive fractal analysis (AFA) approach to determine H. We revealed the fractal nature of the impulsivity network. Furthermore, fractality was influenced by individual impulsivity in terms of decreasing fractality with higher impulsivity in regions of top-down control (left middle frontal gyrus) as well as reward processing (nucleus accumbens and anterior cingulate cortex). We conclude that fractality as determined via H is a promising marker to quantify deviations in network functions at an early stage and, thus, to be able to inform preventive interventions before the manifestation of a disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atae Akhrif
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Schmitt-Boehrer
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Neufang
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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22
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Moore AR, Richards SE, Kenny K, Royer L, Chan U, Flavahan K, Van Hooser SD, Paradis S. Rem2 stabilizes intrinsic excitability and spontaneous firing in visual circuits. eLife 2018; 7:e33092. [PMID: 29809135 PMCID: PMC6010341 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory experience plays an important role in shaping neural circuitry by affecting the synaptic connectivity and intrinsic properties of individual neurons. Identifying the molecular players responsible for converting external stimuli into altered neuronal output remains a crucial step in understanding experience-dependent plasticity and circuit function. Here, we investigate the role of the activity-regulated, non-canonical Ras-like GTPase Rem2 in visual circuit plasticity. We demonstrate that Rem2-/- mice fail to exhibit normal ocular dominance plasticity during the critical period. At the cellular level, our data establish a cell-autonomous role for Rem2 in regulating intrinsic excitability of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, prior to changes in synaptic function. Consistent with these findings, both in vitro and in vivo recordings reveal increased spontaneous firing rates in the absence of Rem2. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Rem2 is a key molecule that regulates neuronal excitability and circuit function in the context of changing sensory experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Moore
- Department of BiologyBrandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Sarah E Richards
- Department of BiologyBrandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
- Volen Center for Complex SystemsBrandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Katelyn Kenny
- National Center for Behavioral GenomicsBrandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Leandro Royer
- Department of BiologyBrandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Urann Chan
- Department of BiologyBrandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Kelly Flavahan
- Department of BiologyBrandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Stephen D Van Hooser
- Department of BiologyBrandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
- Volen Center for Complex SystemsBrandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Suzanne Paradis
- Department of BiologyBrandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
- Volen Center for Complex SystemsBrandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
- National Center for Behavioral GenomicsBrandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
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23
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Goff DC, Zeng B, Ardekani BA, Diminich ED, Tang Y, Fan X, Galatzer-Levy I, Li C, Troxel AB, Wang J. Association of Hippocampal Atrophy With Duration of Untreated Psychosis and Molecular Biomarkers During Initial Antipsychotic Treatment of First-Episode Psychosis. JAMA Psychiatry 2018; 75:370-378. [PMID: 29466532 PMCID: PMC5875378 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been associated with poor outcomes in schizophrenia, but the mechanism responsible for this association is not known. OBJECTIVES To determine whether hippocampal volume loss occurs during the initial 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment and whether it is associated with DUP, and to examine molecular biomarkers in association with hippocampal volume loss and DUP. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A naturalistic longitudinal study with matched healthy controls was conducted at Shanghai Mental Health Center. Between March 5, 2013, and October 8, 2014, 71 medication-naive individuals with nonaffective first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 73 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. After approximately 8 weeks, 31 participants with FEP and 32 controls were reassessed. EXPOSURES The participants with FEP were treated according to standard clinical practice with second-generation antipsychotics. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hippocampal volumetric integrity (HVI) (an automated estimate of the parenchymal fraction in a standardized hippocampal volume of interest), DUP, 13 peripheral molecular biomarkers, and 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 12 candidate genes were determined. RESULTS The full sample consisted of 71 individuals with FEP (39 women and 32 men; mean [SD] age, 25.2 [7.7] years) and 73 healthy controls (40 women and 33 men; mean [SD] age, 23.9 [6.4] years). Baseline median left HVI was lower in the FEP group (n = 57) compared with the controls (n = 54) (0.9275 vs 0.9512; difference in point estimate, -0.020 [95% CI, -0.029 to -0.010]; P = .001). During approximately 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment, left HVI decreased in 24 participants with FEP at a median annualized rate of -.03791 (-4.1% annualized change from baseline) compared with an increase of 0.00115 (0.13% annualized change from baseline) in 31 controls (difference in point estimate, -0.0424 [95% CI, -0.0707 to -0.0164]; P = .001). The change in left HVI was inversely associated with DUP (r = -0.61; P = .002). Similar results were found for right HVI, although the association between change in right HVI and DUP did not achieve statistical significance (r = -0.35; P = .10). Exploratory analyses restricted to the left HVI revealed an association between left HVI and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial injury, and markers reflecting dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE An association between longer DUP and accelerated hippocampal atrophy during initial treatment suggests that psychosis may have persistent, possibly deleterious, effects on brain structure. Additional studies are needed to replicate these exploratory findings of molecular mechanisms by which untreated psychosis may affect hippocampal volume and to determine whether these effects account for the known association between longer DUP and poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C. Goff
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Botao Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Babak A. Ardekani
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Erica D. Diminich
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester
| | | | - Chenxiang Li
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Andrea B. Troxel
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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McKiernan EC, Marrone DF. CA1 pyramidal cells have diverse biophysical properties, affected by development, experience, and aging. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3836. [PMID: 28948109 PMCID: PMC5609525 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron types (e.g., pyramidal cells) within one area of the brain are often considered homogeneous, despite variability in their biophysical properties. Here we review literature demonstrating variability in the electrical activity of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells (PCs), including responses to somatic current injection, synaptic stimulation, and spontaneous network-related activity. In addition, we describe how responses of CA1 PCs vary with development, experience, and aging, and some of the underlying ionic currents responsible. Finally, we suggest directions that may be the most impactful in expanding this knowledge, including the use of text and data mining to systematically study cellular heterogeneity in more depth; dynamical systems theory to understand and potentially classify neuron firing patterns; and mathematical modeling to study the interaction between cellular properties and network output. Our goals are to provide a synthesis of the literature for experimentalists studying CA1 PCs, to give theorists an idea of the rich diversity of behaviors models may need to reproduce to accurately represent these cells, and to provide suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C McKiernan
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diano F Marrone
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
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25
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Unilateral stimulation of the lateral division of the dorsal telencephalon induces synaptic plasticity in the bilateral medial division of zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9096. [PMID: 28831099 PMCID: PMC5567264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the synaptic plasticity in projections from the dorsal lateral region (Dl) to the bilateral dorsal medial region (Dm) of the zebrafish telencephalon. The results showed that unilateral electrical stimulation of the Dl evokes a negative field potential (FP) in both the contralateral and ipsilateral side of the Dm. We tested synaptic plasticity, including high-frequency stimulation-induced LTP (HFS-LTP) and low-frequency stimulation-induced LTD (LFS-LTD). We demonstrated that HFS-induced bilateral LTP is NMDAR-dependent by the application of an NMDAR antagonist, DL-AP5 (30 μM, suprafused for 10 min), which blocked the HFS-induced LTP in both the contralateral and ipsilateral Dm. In addition, LTP was restored after DL-AP5 was washed out by continuous aCSF suprafusion. These results suggested that the potentiation is NMDAR-dependent. Either LFS (1 Hz for 20 min) or applying the mGluR agonist, DHPG (40 μM, suprafused for 10 min) successfully induced bilateral LTD for at least 1 h. Furthermore, both the contralateral fEPSP and LTP vanished after ablation of the anterior commissure. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that the projection between the Dl and contralateral Dm in the telencephalon of zebrafish is via the anterior commissure and possesses synaptic plasticity.
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26
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Schurman LD, Smith TL, Morales AJ, Lee NN, Reeves TM, Phillips LL, Lichtman AH. Investigation of left and right lateral fluid percussion injury in C57BL6/J mice: In vivo functional consequences. Neurosci Lett 2017; 653:31-38. [PMID: 28527714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although rodent models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) reliably produce cognitive and motor disturbances, behavioral characterization resulting from left and right hemisphere injuries remains unexplored. Here we examined the functional consequences of targeting the left versus right parietal cortex in lateral fluid percussion injury, on Morris water maze (MWM) spatial memory tasks (fixed platform and reversal) and neurological motor deficits (neurological severity score and rotarod). In the MWM fixed platform task, right lateral injury produced a small delay in acquisition rate compared to left. However, injury to either hemisphere resulted in probe trial deficits. In the MWM reversal task, left-right performance deficits were not evident, though left lateral injury produced mild acquisition and probe trial deficits compared to sham controls. Additionally, left and right injury produced similar neurological motor task deficits, impaired righting times, and lesion volumes. Injury to either hemisphere also produced robust ipsilateral, and modest contralateral, morphological changes in reactive microglia and astrocytes. In conclusion, left and right lateral TBI impaired MWM performance, with mild fixed platform acquisition rate differences, despite similar motor deficits, histological damage, and glial cell reactivity. Thus, while both left and right lateral TBI produce cognitive deficits, laterality in mouse MWM learning and memory merits consideration in the investigation of TBI-induced cognitive consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley D Schurman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Hermes A. Kontos Medical Sciences Building, 1217 E. Marshal St, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Terry L Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Hermes A. Kontos Medical Sciences Building, 1217 E. Marshal St, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Anthony J Morales
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Hermes A. Kontos Medical Sciences Building, 1217 E. Marshal St, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Nancy N Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Hermes A. Kontos Medical Sciences Building, 1217 E. Marshal St, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Thomas M Reeves
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Hermes A. Kontos Medical Sciences Building, 1217 E. Marshal St, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Linda L Phillips
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Hermes A. Kontos Medical Sciences Building, 1217 E. Marshal St, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Hermes A. Kontos Medical Sciences Building, 1217 E. Marshal St, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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27
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Hermann A, Stark R, Milad MR, Merz CJ. Renewal of conditioned fear in a novel context is associated with hippocampal activation and connectivity. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:1411-21. [PMID: 27053767 PMCID: PMC5015796 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Return of fear is a serious problem in exposure-based treatments of anxiety disorders. Renewal of the fear response may occur when re-encountering the conditioned stimulus within a novel context. Findings in rodents underpin the hippocampus' role in conditioned fear renewal in novel contexts, but it has yet to be investigated in humans. Forty-six healthy men took part in a 2-day, context-dependent, cued fear conditioning paradigm with fear acquisition, extinction learning (day 1) and extinction recall in the acquisition, extinction and a novel context one day later. Conditioned evaluative, skin conductance responses (SCRs) and blood-oxygen-level-dependent responses served as dependent variables. Context-dependent fear renewal was reflected in stronger conditioned SCRs. In the acquisition context, individuals with a higher renewal of conditioned SCRs showed stronger activation of the fear circuit. Hippocampal activation distinguished conditioned responding in the novel compared with the extinction context. Individuals with a stronger renewal of conditioned SCRs in the novel context showed increased effective connectivity of hippocampal activation foci with structures in the fear and extinction network. These results outline the pivotal role of the hippocampus and its connectivity in conditioned fear renewal in a novel context in humans and might have important implications for exposure therapy in anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hermann
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience and Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - R Stark
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience and Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - M R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - C J Merz
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, Germany
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28
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El-Gaby M, Zhang Y, Wolf K, Schwiening CJ, Paulsen O, Shipton OA. Archaerhodopsin Selectively and Reversibly Silences Synaptic Transmission through Altered pH. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2259-2268. [PMID: 27524609 PMCID: PMC4999416 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tools that allow acute and selective silencing of synaptic transmission in vivo would be invaluable for understanding the synaptic basis of specific behaviors. Here, we show that presynaptic expression of the proton pump archaerhodopsin enables robust, selective, and reversible optogenetic synaptic silencing with rapid onset and offset. Two-photon fluorescence imaging revealed that this effect is accompanied by a transient increase in pH restricted to archaerhodopsin-expressing boutons. Crucially, clamping intracellular pH abolished synaptic silencing without affecting the archaerhodopsin-mediated hyperpolarizing current, indicating that changes in pH mediate the synaptic silencing effect. To verify the utility of this technique, we used trial-limited, archaerhodopsin-mediated silencing to uncover a requirement for CA3-CA1 synapses whose afferents originate from the left CA3, but not those from the right CA3, for performance on a long-term memory task. These results highlight optogenetic, pH-mediated silencing of synaptic transmission as a spatiotemporally selective approach to dissecting synaptic function in behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamady El-Gaby
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Konstantin Wolf
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Christof J Schwiening
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ole Paulsen
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Olivia A Shipton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
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29
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Philips DS, Sreejith S, He T, Menon NV, Anees P, Mathew J, Sajikumar S, Kang Y, Stuparu MC, Sun H, Zhao Y, Ajayaghosh A. A Three-Photon Active Organic Fluorophore for Deep Tissue Ratiometric Imaging of Intracellular Divalent Zinc. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1523-7. [PMID: 26991763 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Deep tissue bioimaging with three-photon (3P) excitation using near-infrared (NIR) light in the second IR window (1.0-1.4 μm) could provide high resolution images with an improved signal-to-noise ratio. Herein, we report a photostable and nontoxic 3P excitable donor-π-acceptor system (GMP) having 3P cross-section (σ3 ) of 1.78×10(-80) cm(6) s(2) photon(-2) and action cross-section (σ3 η3 ) of 2.31×10(-81) cm(6) s(2) photon(-2) , which provides ratiometric fluorescence response with divalent zinc ions in aqueous conditions. The probe signals the Zn(2+) binding at 530 and 600 nm, respectively, upon 1150 nm excitation with enhanced σ3 of 1.85×10(-80) cm(6) s(2) photon(-2) and σ3 η3 of 3.33×10(-81) cm(6) s(2) photon(-2) . The application of this probe is demonstrated for ratiometric 3P imaging of Zn(2+) in vitro using HuH-7 cell lines. Furthermore, the Zn(2+) concentration in rat hippocampal slices was imaged at 1150 nm excitation after incubation with GMP, illustrating its potential as a 3P ratiometric probe for deep tissue Zn(2+) ion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Susan Philips
- Photosciences and Photonics Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - Sivaramapanicker Sreejith
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tingchao He
- College of Physics and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies (CDPT), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nishanth Venugopal Menon
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Palapuravan Anees
- Photosciences and Photonics Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - Jomon Mathew
- Nanosystem Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, Tsukuba, 3058568, Japan
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuejun Kang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mihaiela Corina Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Handong Sun
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies (CDPT), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India.
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30
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Deng Y, Guo XL, Yuan X, Shang J, Zhu D, Liu HG. P2X7 Receptor Antagonism Attenuates the Intermittent Hypoxia-induced Spatial Deficits in a Murine Model of Sleep Apnea Via Inhibiting Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:2168-75. [PMID: 26265609 PMCID: PMC4717977 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.162495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mechanism of the neural injury caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) that characterizes obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is not clearly known. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is responsible for the CIH-induced neural injury and the possible pathway it involves. Methods: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were used. For each exposure time point, eight mice divided in room air (RA) and IH group were assigned to the study of P2X7R expression. Whereas in the 21 days-Brilliant Blue G (BBG, a selective P2X7R antagonist) study, 48 mice were randomly divided into CIH group, BBG-treated CIH group, RA group and BBG-treated RA group. The hippocampus P2X7R expression was determined by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The spatial learning was analyzed by Morris water maze. The nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expressions were analyzed by Western blotting. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β (IL-β), IL-18, and IL-6 were measured by real-time PCR. The malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels were detected by colorimetric method. Cell damage was evaluated by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and Terminal Transferase dUTP Nick-end Labeling method. Results: The P2X7R mRNA was elevated and sustained after 3-day IH exposure and the P2X7R protein was elevated and sustained after 7-day IH exposure. In the BBG study, the CIH mice showed severer neuronal cell damage and poorer performance in the behavior test. The increased NFκB and NOX2 expressions along with the inflammation injury and oxidative stress were also observed in the CIH group. BBG alleviated CIH-induced neural injury and consequent functional deficits. Conclusions: The P2X7R antagonism attenuates the CIH-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and spatial deficits, demonstrating that the P2X7R is an important therapeutic target in the cognition deficits accompanied OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui-Guo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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31
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Deng Y, Yuan X, Guo XL, Zhu D, Pan YY, Liu HG. Efficacy of atorvastatin on hippocampal neuronal damage caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia: Involving TLR4 and its downstream signaling pathway. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26200444 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal neuronal damage is critical for the initiation and progression of neurocognitive impairment accompanied obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in the development of several hippocampus-related neural disorders. Atorvastatin was reported beneficially regulates TLR4. Here, we examined the effects of atorvastatin on hippocampal injury caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), the most characteristic pathophysiological change of OSAS. Mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia with or without atorvastatin for 4 weeks. Cell damage, the expressions of TLR4 and its two downstream factors myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), inflammatory agents (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β), and the oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde) were determined. Atorvastatin decreased the neural injury and the elevation of TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress caused by CIH. Our study suggests that atorvastatin may attenuate CIH induced hippocampal neuronal damage partially via TLR4 and its downstream signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xue-ling Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Die Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yue-ying Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hui-guo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China.
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32
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Alvarez-Rodriguez J. Hypersynchronic Mental Automatisms: An Innovative Psychiatric Hypothesis Reaffirming Its Validity for Fifteen Years. Health (London) 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2015.71006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Yuan X, Guo X, Deng Y, Zhu D, Shang J, Liu H. Chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus is attenuated by telmisartan through suppression of iNOS/NO and inhibition of lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses. Brain Res 2014; 1596:48-57. [PMID: 25463026 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of Alzheimer׳s disease (AD), but little is known about the precise mechanism of OSAS-induced AD. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) are known to play key roles in the development of AD. Several studies have confirmed that an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, telmisartan, beneficially regulates NOS and NO. Here, we examined the neuroprotective effects of telmisartan against hippocampal apoptosis induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), the most characteristic pathophysiological change of OSAS. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 8h of intermittent hypoxia per day with or without telmisartan for eight weeks. Neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region, NOS activity, NO content, and the presence of inflammatory agents and radical oxygen species in the hippocampus were determined. The results showed that CIH activated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), increased NO content, and enhanced lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses in the hippocampus. Treatment with telmisartan inhibited excessive iNOS and NO generation and reduced lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses. In addition, telmisartan significantly ameliorated the hippocampal apoptosis induced by CIH. In conclusion, Pre-CIH telmisartan administration attenuated CIH-induced hippocampal apoptosis partly by regulating NOS activity, inhibiting excessive NO generation, and reducing lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xueling Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Die Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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