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Duan S, Li B, Cui S, Chen Y, He Y, Fan L. Clcn3 deficiency ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity and improves metabolism in mice. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1387806. [PMID: 38784133 PMCID: PMC11111939 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1387806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is defined as excess body fat and is a current health epidemic associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The ClC-3 chloride channel/antiporter, encoded by the Clcn3, is associated with some diseases, like carcinoma, nervous system diseases, and metabolic diseases. To verify the relationship between the Clcn3 and weight including metabolic changes, searching for a new target for metabolic therapy of obesity, we designed the experiment. Methods The mice were divided into 4 different groups: Clcn3+/+ mice + high-fat diet (HFD), Clcn3-/- mice + HFD, Clcn3+/+ mice + normal diet (ND), Clcn3-/- mice + ND, and fed for 16 weeks. After the glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test, peripheral blood and adipose tissues were collected. Moreover, we performed transcriptome sequencing for the epididymal white adipose tissue from Clcn3+/+ and Clcn3-/- mice with the high-fat diet. Western blotting verified the changes in protein levels of relevant metabolic genes. Results We found that the Clcn3-/- mice had lower body weight and visceral fat, refining glucose and lipid metabolism in HFD-induced mice, but had no effect in normal diet mice. RNA-seq and Western blotting indicated that Clcn3 deficiency may inhibit obesity through the AMPK-UCP1 axis. Conclusion Modulation of Clcn3 may provide an appealing therapeutic target for obesity and associated metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiyu Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying He
- Graduate Students Teaching Experiment Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Peng H, Wang H, Li W, Jing C, Zhang W, Zhao H, Hu F. Life-cycle exposure to tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) causes alterations in antioxidative status, ion regulation and histology of zebrafish gills. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 274:109746. [PMID: 37717676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has been receiving great concerns owing to its ubiquitous occurrence in various environmental compartments and potential risks to wildlife and humans. Gill is structural basis for ion regulation and homeostasis in fish and susceptible to xenobiotics. However, current knowledge on the impacts of long-term exposure to TCEP on the structure and physiological function of fish gills are insufficient. In this work, zebrafish were exposed to environmental realistic concentrations (0.8, 4, 20 and 100 μg/L) of TCEP from 3 h post ferterlization (hpf) till 120 days post ferterlization (dpf). Our results demonstrated that life-cycle exposure to TCEP significantly decreased the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), but elevated the activities of antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in zebrafish gills. Gene transcription analysis implied that the mRNA expressions of antioxidant-related genes (nrf2, cat and nqo1) were induced, while the transcription of gstα1, hmox1, keap1 were down-regulated, indicating that Nrf2-Keap1 pathway might be activated to defend the oxidative stress induced by TCEP. Additionally, the ion homeostasis was disrupted by TCEP exposure, evidenced by reduced activities of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase and downregulated transcription levels of ncc, nkcc, cftr and clc-3. Besides, whole-life exposure to TCEP resulted in a series of structural damages to gills, including epithelial lifting, epithelial rupture, telangiectasis, vacuolation, edema and shortened gill lamellae. Overall, our results demonstrated that long-term TCEP exposure could induce oxidative stress, affect ion regulation and cause histological changes in zebrafish gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangke Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chen Jing
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haocheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Jing Z, Zhang H, Wen Y, Cui S, Ren Y, Liu R, Duan S, Zhao W, Fan L. Epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations in the ClC-3-deficient mice consuming a normal diet. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1196684. [PMID: 37287451 PMCID: PMC10242048 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1196684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Metabolic disorders are an important health concern that threatens life and burdens society severely. ClC-3 is a member of the chloride voltage-gated channel family, and ClC-3 deletion improved the phenotypes of dysglycemic metabolism and the impairment of insulin sensitivity. However, the effects of a healthy diet on transcriptome and epigenetics in ClC-3-/- mice were not explained in detail. Methods: Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing and Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing for the liver of 3 weeks old WT and ClC-3-/- mice consuming a normal diet to insight into the epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations of ClC-3 deficient mice. Results: In the present study, we found that ClC-3-/- mice that were younger than 8 weeks old had smaller bodies compared to ClC-3+/+ mice with ad libitum self-feeding normal diet, and ClC-3-/- mice that were older than 10 weeks old had a similar body weight. Except for the spleen, lung, and kidney, the average weight of the heart, liver, and brain in ClC-3-/- mice was lower than that in ClC-3+/+ mice. TG, TC, HDL, and LDL in fasting ClC-3-/- mice were not significantly different from those in ClC-3+/+ mice. Fasting blood glucose in ClC-3-/- mice was lower than that in ClC-3+/+ mice; the glucose tolerance test indicated the response to blood glucose increasing for ClC-3-/- mice was torpid, but the efficiency of lowering blood glucose was much higher once started. Transcriptomic sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing for the liver of unweaned mice indicated that ClC-3 deletion significantly changed transcriptional expression and DNA methylation levels of glucose metabolism-related genes. A total of 92 genes were intersected between DEGs and DMRs-targeted genes, of which Nos3, Pik3r1, Socs1, and Acly were gathered in type II diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and metabolic pathways. Moreover, Pik3r1 and Acly expressions were obviously correlated with DNA methylation levels, not Nos3 and Socs1. However, the transcriptional levels of these four genes were not different between ClC-3-/- and ClC-3+/+ mice at the age of 12 weeks. Discussion: ClC-3 influenced the methylated modification to regulate glucose metabolism, of which the gene expressions could be driven to change again by a personalized diet-style intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Jing
- Department of Pathology of Basic Medicine College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology of Basic Medicine College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunjie Wen
- Guangzhou Huayin Medical Laboratory Center Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyu Cui
- Department of Pathology of Basic Medicine College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhua Ren
- Department of Pathology of Basic Medicine College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathology of Basic Medicine College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sirui Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenbao Zhao
- Department of Pathology of Basic Medicine College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Huang Q, Zhu W, Gao X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Xing B. Nanoparticles-mediated ion channels manipulation: From their membrane interactions to bioapplications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 195:114763. [PMID: 36841331 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels are transmembrane proteins ubiquitously expressed in all cells that control various ions (e.g. Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl- etc) crossing cellular plasma membrane, which play critical roles in physiological processes including regulating signal transduction, cell proliferation as well as excitatory cell excitation and conduction. Abnormal ion channel function is usually associated with dysfunctions and many diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, ophthalmic diseases, pulmonary diseases and even cancers. The precise regulation of ion channels not only helps to decipher physiological and pathological processes, but also is expected to become cutting-edge means for disease treatment. Recently, nanoparticles-mediated ion channel manipulation emerges as a highly promising way to meet the increasing requirements with respect to their simple, efficient, precise, spatiotemporally controllable and non-invasive regulation in biomedicine and other research frontiers. Thanks the advantages of their unique properties, nanoparticles can not only directly block the pore sites or kinetics of ion channels through their tiny size effect, and perturb active voltage-gated ion channel by their charged surface, but they can also act as antennas to conduct or enhance external physical stimuli to achieve spatiotemporal, precise and efficient regulation of various ion channel activities (e.g. light-, mechanical-, and temperature-gated ion channels etc). So far, nanoparticles-mediated ion channel regulation has shown potential prospects in many biomedical fields at the interfaces of neuro- and cardiovascular modulation, physiological function regeneration and tumor therapy et al. Towards such important fields, in this typical review, we specifically outline the latest studies of different types of ion channels and their activities relevant to the diseases. In addition, the different types of stimulation responsive nanoparticles, their interaction modes and targeting strategies towards the plasma membrane ion channels will be systematically summarized. More importantly, the ion channel regulatory methods mediated by functional nanoparticles and their bioapplications associated with physiological modulation and therapeutic development will be discussed. Last but not least, current challenges and future perspectives in this field will be covered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Weisheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Bengang Xing
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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Lu X, Li W, Wang H, Cao M, Jin Z. The role of the Smad2/3/4 signaling pathway in osteogenic differentiation regulation by ClC-3 chloride channels in MC3T3-E1 cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:338. [PMID: 35794618 PMCID: PMC9258226 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ClC-3 chloride channels promote osteogenic differentiation. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and its receptors are closely related to ClC-3 chloride channels, and canonical TGF-β1 signaling is largely mediated by Smad proteins. The current study aimed to explore the role of the Smad2/3/4 signaling pathway in the mechanism by which ClC-3 chloride channels regulate osteogenic differentiation in osteoblasts. Methods First, real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression of Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins in response to ClC-3 chloride channels. Second, immunocytochemistry, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted to assess formation of the Smad2/3/4 complex and its translocation to the nucleus. Finally, markers of osteogenic differentiation were determined by real-time PCR, western blotting, ALP assays and Alizarin Red S staining. Results ClC-3 chloride channels knockdown led to increased expression of Smad2/3 but no significant change in p38 or Erk1/2. Furthermore, ClC-3 chloride channels knockdown resulted in increases in the formation of the Smad2/3/4 complex and its translocation to the nucleus. In contrast, the inhibition of TGF-β1 receptors decreased the expression of Smad2, Smad3, p38, and Erk1/2 and the formation of the Smad2/3/4 complex. Finally, the expression of osteogenesis-related markers were decreased upon ClC-3 and Smad2/3/4 knockdown, but the degree to which these parameters were altered was decreased upon the knockdown of ClC-3 and Smad2/3/4 together compared to independent knockdown of ClC-3 or Smad2/3/4. Conclusions The Smad2/3 proteins respond to changes in ClC-3 chloride channels. The Smad2/3/4 signaling pathway inhibits osteogenic differentiation regulation by ClC-3 chloride channels in MC3T3-E1 cells.
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