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Antineoplastic Effects of Ankaferd Hemostat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2665903. [PMID: 35958818 PMCID: PMC9363200 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2665903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectıve. Ankaferd hemostat (ABS; Ankaferd Blood Stopper®) contains standardized plant extracts comprising Alpinia officinarum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Thymus vulgaris, Urtica dioica, and Vitis vinifera. ABS especially was recognized for its hemostatic effect; however, antineoplastic role of ABS was identified during the last decade. The aim of this paper is to review the molecular basis and associated clinical implications of the ABS as a topical antineoplastic agent. Materials and Methods. Up to June 2022, literature searches were performed using the internet search engines Medline, Google Scholar, and Embase: Ankaferd. PRISMA flow diagram described the Ankaferd search. Results. ABS have important effects in several cellular processes, like control of the cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, signal transduction, inflammation, immunologic, and metabolic mechanisms. The molecular basis of antineoplastic roles of ABS depends on its proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics features. ABS has antineoplastic effects on solid tumors like colon, bladder, breast, and osteosarcoma cancer cells. Also, ABS effects renal tubular apoptosis and has antitumoral roles on malign melanoma cells. ABS inhibits hematological tumors like myeloma and lymphoid cells. ABS induces apoptosis in retinal cells and has inhibitory effects on mesenchymal stem cells. It has an antiproliferative role on gastrointestinal tumors like hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Moreover, ABS has a treatment supportive role in cancer since it can prevent oxidative DNA damage and decrease the intestinal damage in necrotizing enterocolitis. Furthermore, it has chemopreventive and hepatoprotective features and can be used for prophylaxis and treatment of oral mucositis. Conclusion. ABS alters cell metabolism and cell cycle. ABS has antineoplastic role on cancer cells. The expanding context of ABS compromises anti-infective, antineoplastic, and wound healing features. ABS may also be used for the palliative, adjuvant, neoadjuvant, or supportive use by interventional radiology procedures for the treatment of solid tumors. Future controlled studies are necessary to clarify the pleiotropic role of ABS like antineoplastic, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, antifungal, and antioxidative effects.
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Beyazit F, Beyazit Y, Tanoglu A, Haznedaroglu IC. Ankaferd hemostat (ABS) as a potential mucosal topical agent for the management of COVID-19 syndrome based on its PAR-1 inhibitory effect and oestrogen content. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110150. [PMID: 32763660 PMCID: PMC7392953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection is a multi-systemic immune syndrome affecting mainly the lungs, oropharyngeal region, and other vascular endothelial beds. There are tremendous ongoing efforts for the aim of developing drugs against the COVID-19 syndrome-associated inflammation. However, currently no specific medicine is present for the absolute pharmacological cure of COVID-19 mucositis. The re-purposing/re-positioning of already existing drugs is a very important strategy for the management of ongoing pandemy since the development of a new drug needs decades. Apart from altering angiotensin signaling pathways, novel drug candidates for re-purposing comprise medications shall target COVID-19 pathobiology, including pharmaceutical formulations that antagonize proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), mainly PAR-1. Activation of the PAR-1, mediators and hormones impact on the hemostasis, endothelial activation, alveolar epithelial cells and mucosal inflammatory responses which are the essentials of the COVID-19 pathophysiology. In this context, Ankaferd hemostat (Ankaferd Blood Stopper, ABS) which is an already approved hemostatic agent affecting via vital erythroid aggregation and fibrinogen gamma could be a potential topical remedy for the mucosal management of COVID-19. ABS is a clinically safe and effective topical hemostatic agent of plant origin capable of exerting pleiotropic effects on the endothelial cells, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and vascular dynamics. ABS had been approved as a topically applied hemostatic agent for the management of post-surgical/dental bleedings and healing of infected inflammatory mucosal wounds. The anti-inflammatory and proteinase-activated receptor axis properties of ABS with a considerable amount of oestrogenic hormone presence highlight this unique topical hemostatic drug regarding the clinical re-positioning for COVID-19-associated mucositis. Topical ABS as a biological response modifier may lessen SARS-CoV-2 associated microthrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, oropharyngeal inflammation and mucosal lung damage. Moreover, PAR-1 inhibition ability of ABS might be helpful for reducing the initial virus propagation and mocasal spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Beyazit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Beyazit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Alpaslan Tanoglu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Turk S, Malkan UY, Ghasemi M, Hocaoglu H, Mutlu D, Gunes G, Aksu S, Haznedaroglu IC. Growth inhibitory activity of Ankaferd hemostat on primary melanoma cells and cell lines. SAGE Open Med 2017; 5:2050312116689519. [PMID: 28293423 PMCID: PMC5336193 DOI: 10.1177/2050312116689519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Ankaferd hemostat is the first topical hemostatic agent about the red blood cell–fibrinogen relations tested in the clinical trials. Ankaferd hemostat consists of standardized plant extracts including Alpinia officinarum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Thymus vulgaris, Urtica dioica, and Vitis vinifera. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ankaferd hemostat on viability of melanoma cell lines. Methods: Dissimilar melanoma cell lines and primary cells were used in this study. These cells were treated with different concentrations of Ankaferd hemostat to assess the impact of different dosages of the drug. All cells treated with different concentrations were incubated for different time intervals. After the data had been obtained, one-tailed T-test was used to determine whether the Ankaferd hemostat would have any significant inhibitory impact on cell growth. Results: We demonstrated in this study that cells treated with Ankaferd hemostat showed a significant decrease in cell viability compared to control groups. The cells showed different resistances against Ankaferd hemostat which depended on the dosage applied and the time treated cells had been incubated. We also demonstrated an inverse relationship between the concentration of the drug and the incubation time on one hand and the viability of the cells on the other hand, that is, increasing the concentration of the drug and the incubation time had a negative impact on cell viability. Conclusion: The findings in our study contribute to our knowledge about the anticancer impact of Ankaferd hemostat on different melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyhan Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umit Yavuz Malkan
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Helin Hocaoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Mutlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gursel Gunes
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salih Aksu
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Ardıçoğlu Y, Akar N, Haznedaroğlu İ. Endothelial Cells, Ankaferd Hemostat, and Estradiol. Turk J Haematol 2016; 33:261-2. [PMID: 26376760 PMCID: PMC5111478 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2015.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - İbrahim Haznedaroğlu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey, E-mail: ,
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Ankaferd Blood Stopper induces apoptosis and regulates PAR1 and EPCR expression in human leukemia cells. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Behçet AL, Kılıç H, Zengin S, Güler M, Taysi S, Yıldırım C, Sarı İ. Efficiency of Ankaferd Blood Stopper used in bleeding control on intraabdominal adhesions formed postoperatively. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2013; 20:524-9. [PMID: 23288869 DOI: 10.1177/1076029612471710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the hispathological, biochemical, and clinical efficiency of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) in preventing postoperative intraabdominal adhesions. METHOD A total of 40 Wistar albino species female rats were randomly separated into 4 groups. For the control group, 1 mL normal saline was administered; and for the second, third, and fourth groups 0.5, 1, and 2 mL, respectively, ABS was administered. Statistical analyses were evaluated with Tukey and analysis of variance test. FINDINGS Significant increase was observed in fibroblast and vascularization microscopically with increasing amount of ABS used. Degree of adhesion in the group administered with normal saline was lower compared to the other groups. Adhesion thickness and prevalence macroscopically increased with the increasing amount of ABS used in groups. CONCLUSION It was determined in our study that ABS is not efficient in preventing intraabdominal adhesions; on the contrary, adhesions were increased with the increased amount of ABS used.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Behçet
- Emergency Department of Medicine Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kılıç
- Emergency Department of Malatya State Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Suat Zengin
- Emergency Department of Medicine Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Güler
- General Surgery Department of Medicine Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Seyithan Taysi
- Biochemistry Department of Medicine Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Cuma Yıldırım
- Emergency Department of Medicine Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Sarı
- Pathology Department of Medicine Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Koçak E, Akbal E, Taş A, Köklü S, Karaca G, Can M, Kösem B, Üstün H. Anti-inflammatory efficiency of Ankaferd blood stopper in experimental distal colitis model. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:126-30. [PMID: 23680710 PMCID: PMC3709375 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) is a herbal extract that enhances mucosal healing. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficiency of ABS in the treatment of experimental distal colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty one male albino rats were divided into three groups: Sham control (Group 1), colitis induced by acetic acid and treated with saline (Group 2), colitis induced by acetic acid and treated with ABS (Group 3). At end of the 7 th day of induction, all the rats were lightly anesthetized with intramuscular ketamine (8 mg/kg) and thereafter laparotomy and total colectomy were performed. The distal colon segment was assessed macroscopically and microscopically. In addition malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) levels of the colonic tissue and changes in body weight were measured. RESULTS The MDA and NO levels of the colonic tissues and weight loss were significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 and Group 3. Microscopic and macroscopic damage scores were significantly higher in Group 2 and Group 3 than Group 1 (P: 0.001, P: 0.004, respectively). Although the microscopic and macroscopic damage scores in Group 3 were slightly lower than Group 2, the difference was not statistically significant. The SOD levels of the colonic tissues were not different between the three groups. CONCLUSION Weight alterations and high-levels of the colonic tissue MDA and NO suggested that ABS might have anti-inflammatory effects on experimental distal colitis. However, this suggestion was not supported by histopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Koçak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Siirt State Hospital, Siirt, Turkey.
| | - Erdem Akbal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adnan Taş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seyfettin Köklü
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Karaca
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Bahadır Kösem
- Department of Anesthesiology, Siirt State Hospital, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Üstün
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Uz B, Guven GS, Isik A, Kuyumcu ME, Bektas O, Eliacik E, Aksu S, Goker H, Buyukasik Y, Sayinalp N, Haznedaroglu IC. Long-term sustained hemorrhage due to bone marrow biopsy successfully treated with topical ankaferd hemostat in a bleeding-prone patient with secondary amyloidosis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2012; 19:338-40. [PMID: 22914810 DOI: 10.1177/1076029612457709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ozel-Demiralp D, Igci N, Ayhan B, Egin Y, Haznedaroglu IC, Akar N. Prohemostatic and antithrombin activities of Ankaferd hemostat are linked to fibrinogen gamma chain and prothrombin by functional proteomic analyses. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2012; 18:604-10. [PMID: 22327821 DOI: 10.1177/1076029612436672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) is a novel topical hemostatic agent of plant origin registered for the management of external hemorrhages, in Turkey. The ABS-induced formation of the protein network with vital erythroid aggregation covers the whole physiological hemostatic process. The aim of this study is to assess prohemostatic and antithrombin effects of ABS on the basis of functional proteomic analyses performed in ABS-treated plasma and serum samples based on the previous hypotheses about ABS action. For this purpose, serum and plasma proteins were separated by 2-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, and proteins were identified using reference plasma gel on Swiss-2DPAGE database. Our results indicated that fibrinogen gamma chain and prothrombin levels just initially decreased first and thereafter enhanced following the ABS exposure. Dual effects of ABS on those critical hemostatic molecules seem to be associated with prohemostatic and antithrombin activities of the hemostatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ozel-Demiralp
- Proteomics Department, Central Laboratory of Ankara University Biotechnology Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
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Haznedaroglu BZ, Beyazit Y, Walker SL, Haznedaroglu IC. Pleiotropic cellular, hemostatic, and biological actions of Ankaferd hemostat. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011; 83:21-34. [PMID: 22079213 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustaining hemostasis in clinical hemorrhages is a challenging task and requires extensive effort to stabilize medically hard-to-treat traumatic injuries. Several hemostatic agents are preferred to control external and internal bleedings, yet commercially available products are not sufficiently effective or fast-acting to achieve hemostasis in extreme cases. Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is a herbal extract traditionally used as a hemostatic agent. Recent studies have shown that ABS could be utilized successfully as a hemostatic agent for the management of clinical hemorrhages when conventional methods were ineffective. This review serves as a basis to provide recent findings on several applications of ABS, specifically preclinical, biological, and clinical studies both in vitro and in vivo. Another section focuses on the ultrastructural morphology and protein network formation of ABS in an effort to understand the hemostatic mechanisms of this unique agent at tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berat Z Haznedaroglu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Beyazit Y, Kekilli M, Haznedaroglu IC, Kayacetin E, Basaranoglu M. Ankaferd hemostat in the management of gastrointestinal hemorrhages. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3962-70. [PMID: 22046083 PMCID: PMC3199553 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i35.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding refers to any hemorrhage ascribed to the pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, extending from the mouth to the anal canal. Despite the recent improvements in the endoscopic, hemostatic and adjuvant pharmacologic techniques, the reported mortality is still around 5%-10% for peptic ulcer bleeding and about 15%-20% for variceal hemorrhages. Although endoscopic management reduces the rates of re-bleeding, surgery, and mortality in active bleeding; early recurrence ratios still occur in around 20% of the cases even with effective initial hemostatic measures. In this quest for an alternative pro-hemostatic agent for the management of GI bleedings, Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) offers a successful candidate, specifically for “difficult-to-manage” situations as evidenced by data presented in several studies. ABS is a standardized mixture of the plants Thymus vulgaris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Vitis vinifera, Alpinia officinarum, and Urtica dioica. It is effective in both bleeding individuals with normal hemostatic parameters and in patients with deficient primary and/or secondary hemostasis. ABS also modulates the cellular apoptotic responses to hemorrhagic stress, as well as hemostatic hemodynamic activity. Through its effects on the endothelium, blood cells, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, vascular dynamics, and wound healing, ABS is now becoming an effective alternative hemostatic medicine for gastrointestinal bleedings that are resistant to conventional anti-hemorrhagic measurements. The aim of this review is to outline current literature experience suggesting the place of ABS in the management of GI bleeding, and potential future controlled trials in this complicated field.
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Taş A, Köklü S, Beyazit Y, Karaca G, Astarcı HM, Akbal E, Koçak E, Topçu G, Haznedaroglu IC. Percutaneous ankaferd injection to in vivo liver tissue in comparison to ethanol in an experimental rat model. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35:549-53. [PMID: 21489900 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Percutaneous ethanol injection is an established management of nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because of its high effectiveness and minimal invasiveness. However, ethanol has many disadvantages like less anti-tumoral necrotic effectivity, unequal permeation and local diffusion. The aim of this study is to compare hepatic tissue effects of percutaneous Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) injection in comparison to ethanol in rat liver tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one healthy rats were randomly divided into three groups, each containing seven animals. Group I received 0.1cm(3) percutaneous injection of isotonic saline, group II received 0.1cm(3) ethanol, and group III received 0.1cm(3) ABS. At the 5th day, the livers were dissected. Macroscopic and histopathological features of the liver lesions were documented. RESULTS All the rats in the group I and II lived during study period; one rat died in the ABS group. Macroscopic pale yellow coloration was observed within 2 minutes in both ethanol and ABS groups. Necrosis was observed in both Group II and III. The necrosis volumes of the ABS group (volume: 1475.00 ± 697.16 cm(3)) were significantly higher than the ethanol group (volume: 60.714 ± 26.277 cm(3)) (P=0.002). In the histopathological analyses of the liver tissues, aggregated erythrocytes in sinusoidal spaces and bile duct proliferation have been detected in ABS group. CONCLUSION ABS may be considered as a possible percutaneous treatment in HCC instead of or as an alternative to ethanol. With its unique hemostatic actions and the safety profile, ABS can be considered as a useful novel agent for the percutaneous therapy of HCC instead of ethanol in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Taş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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