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Xie K, Xiao C, Lin L, Li F, Hu W, Yang Y, Chen D, Miao Z, Sun TY, Yan Y, Zheng JS, Chen YM. Erythrocyte Very Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids, Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid Axis, and Incident Coronary Artery Disease in Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00456-5. [PMID: 39128547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has highlighted inverse associations between concentrations of circulating very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs) and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the intricate links involving VLCSFAs, gut microbiota, and bile acids remain underexplored. OBJECTIVES This study examined the association of erythrocyte VLCSFAs with CHD incidence, focusing on the mediating role of gut microbiota and fecal bile acids. METHODS This 10-y prospective study included 2383 participants without CHD at baseline. Erythrocyte VLCSFAs [arachidic acid (C20:0), behenic acid (C22:0), and lignoceric acid (C24:0)] were measured using gas chromatography at baseline, and 274 CHD incidents were documented in triennial follow-ups. Gut microbiota in 1744 participants and fecal bile acid metabolites in 945 participants were analyzed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry at middle-term. RESULTS The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for CHD incidence in highest compared with lowest quartiles were 0.87 (0.61, 1.25) for C20:0, 0.63 (0.42, 0.96) for C22:0, 0.59 (0.41, 0.85) for C24:0, and 0.57 (0.39, 0.83) for total VLCSFAs. Participants with higher total VLCSFA concentrations exhibited increased abundances of Holdemanella, Coriobacteriales Incertae Sedis spp., Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 and UCG-010, and Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group. These 5 genera generated overlapping differential microbial scores (ODMSs) that accounted for 11.52% of the total VLCSFAs-CHD association (Pmediation = 0.018). Bile acids tauro_α_ and tauro_β_muricholic acid were inversely associated with ODMS and positively associated with incident CHD. Opposite associations were found for glycolithocholic acid and glycodeoxycholic acid. Mediation analyses indicated that glycolithocholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, and tauro_α_ and tauro_β_muricholic acid explained 56.40%, 35.19%, and 26.17% of the ODMS-CHD association, respectively (Pmediation = 0.002, 0.008, and 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Elevated erythrocyte VLCSFAs are inversely associated with CHD risk in the Chinese population, with gut microbiota and fecal bile acid profiles potentially mediating this association. The identified microbiota and bile acid metabolites may serve as potential intervention targets in future studies. This trial was registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov as NCT03179657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keliang Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congmei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lishan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanqin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingdi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelei Miao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Yu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China; School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lee KH, Kim SH, Park S, Jang HJ, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Hur HJ, Kim JH, Kim MS. Functional Impact of the FADS1 rs174546 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on Serum Lipid Levels: Insights from Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives in Korean Population. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400201. [PMID: 38961528 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene is suggested as risk factor of metabolic diseases in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This study hypothesized that FADS1_rs174546T associates with serum triglycerides (TG) in Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). In addition, functional study of SNP genotypes in cultured cells is performed. METHODS AND RESULTS FADS1_rs174546T is associated with high level of serum TG (effect size of variant: 6.48 ± 1.84 mg dL-1) in Korean individuals (normotriglyceridemia, n = 5128; hypertriglyceridemia, n = 3714). Functional study in cells with FADS1_rs174546T, shows reduced transcriptional activity, when compared with rs174546C. MiR-6728-3p, which is predicted to bind with rs174546T, decreases transcriptional activity of rs174546T but not in rs174546C, and it is reversed by miR-6728-3p inhibitor. Formononetin is selected as binding molecule to 3'-UTR of FADS1 and increases luciferase activity in both rs174546 (C/T). Moreover, formononetin compensates for the reduced luciferase activity by rs174546T and miR-6728-3p. Formononetin also increases endogenous FADS1 expression and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) ratio. CONCLUSION FADS1_rs174546T is a crucial risk factor for hypertriglyceridemia in the Koreans potentially through the interaction with miR-6728-3p. Formononetin can be a potent dietary intervention to prevent and improve hypertriglyceridemia in both rs174546 (C/T) populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyun-Hee Lee
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hee Kim
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Asan-Si, 31499, Chungnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Jeon Hur
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Loukil I, Mutch DM, Plourde M. Genetic association between FADS and ELOVL polymorphisms and the circulating levels of EPA/DHA in humans: a scoping review. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38844860 PMCID: PMC11157910 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are two omega-3 fatty acids that can be synthesized out of their precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). FADS and ELOVL genes encode the desaturase and elongase enzymes required for EPA and DHA synthesis from ALA; however, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FADS and ELOVL genes could modify the levels of EPA and DHA synthesized from ALA although there is no consensus in this area. This review aims to investigate EPA and DHA circulating levels in human blood and their association with FADS or ELOVL. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were used to identify research articles. They were subsequently reviewed by two independent investigators. RESULTS Initially, 353 papers were identified. After removing duplicates and articles not meeting inclusion criteria, 98 full text papers were screened. Finally, this review included 40 studies investigating FADS and/or ELOVL polymorphisms. A total of 47 different SNPs in FADS genes were reported. FADS1 rs174537, rs174547, rs174556 and rs174561 were the most studied SNPs, with minor allele carriers having lower levels of EPA and DHA. SNPs in the FADS genes were in high linkage disequilibrium. SNPs in FADS were correlated with levels of EPA and DHA. No conclusion could be drawn with the ELOVL polymorphisms since the number of studies was too low. CONCLUSION Specific SNPs in FADS gene, such as rs174537, have strong associations with circulating levels of EPA and DHA. Continued investigation regarding the impact of genetic variants related to EPA and DHA synthesis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Loukil
- Research Center on Aging, Health, and Social Sciences Center, Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke University Geriatrics Institute, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1G 1B1, Canada
- Department de Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and health sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, Health, and Social Sciences Center, Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke University Geriatrics Institute, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1G 1B1, Canada.
- Department de Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and health sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Liu Q, Liu Z, Wu D, Wang S. Relationship between Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:142. [PMID: 39076540 PMCID: PMC11263998 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2504142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors cause atherosclerosis, meaning its pathogenesis is complex, and has not been fully elucidated. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are a member of the fatty acid family, which are critical nutrients for mammalian growth and development. The types of polyunsaturated fatty acids ingested, their serum levels, and fatty acid desaturase can influence the atherosclerotic disease progression. The fatty acid desaturase gene cluster can regulate fatty acid desaturase activity and further affect atherosclerosis. This study reviewed the research progress on the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on atherosclerosis regulated by fatty acid desaturase and the relationship between genetic variants of the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulei Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxuan Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250013 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ding Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250013 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
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Chaaba R, Bouaziz A, Ben Amor A, Mnif W, Hammami M, Mehri S. Fatty Acid Profile and Genetic Variants of Proteins Involved in Fatty Acid Metabolism Could Be Considered as Disease Predictor. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:979. [PMID: 36900123 PMCID: PMC10001328 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating fatty acids (FA) have an endogenous or exogenous origin and are metabolized under the effect of many enzymes. They play crucial roles in many mechanisms: cell signaling, modulation of gene expression, etc., which leads to the hypothesis that their perturbation could be the cause of disease development. FA in erythrocytes and plasma rather than dietary FA could be used as a biomarker for many diseases. Cardiovascular disease was associated with elevated trans FA and decreased DHA and EPA. Increased arachidonic acid and decreased Docosahexaenoic Acids (DHA) were associated with Alzheimer's disease. Low Arachidonic acid and DHA are associated with neonatal morbidities and mortality. Decreased saturated fatty acids (SFA), increased monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) (C18:2 n-6 and C20:3 n-6) are associated with cancer. Additionally, genetic polymorphisms in genes coding for enzymes implicated in FA metabolism are associated with disease development. FA desaturase (FADS1 and FADS2) polymorphisms are associated with Alzheimer's disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Autism spectrum disorder and obesity. Polymorphisms in FA elongase (ELOVL2) are associated with Alzheimer's disease, Autism spectrum disorder and obesity. FA-binding protein polymorphism is associated with dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, peripheral atherosclerosis combined with type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase polymorphisms are associated with diabetes, obesity and diabetic nephropathy. FA profile and genetic variants of proteins implicated in FA metabolism could be considered as disease biomarkers and may help with the prevention and management of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chaaba
- Lab-NAFS “Nutrition-Functional Food & Health”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicene Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques, Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4054, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Bouaziz
- Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques, Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4054, Tunisia
- Bio-Resources, Integrative Biology & Valorization (BIOLIVAL, LR14ES06), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Asma Ben Amor
- Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques, Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4054, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ibn El Jazzar” University of Sousse, Sousse 4054, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Mnif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 199, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Lab-NAFS “Nutrition-Functional Food & Health”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicene Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Sounira Mehri
- Lab-NAFS “Nutrition-Functional Food & Health”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicene Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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6
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Žák A, Jáchymová M, Burda M, Staňková B, Zeman M, Slabý A, Vecka M, Šeda O. FADS Polymorphisms Affect the Clinical and Biochemical Phenotypes of Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060568. [PMID: 35736500 PMCID: PMC9228863 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) play important roles in human health, from controlling inflammation to lipid and glucose homeostasis. In our previous study, which employed a cluster analysis of a plasma fatty acid (FA) pattern, we identified two clusters of metabolic syndrome (MetS) independent of clinical and biochemical parameters within the whole study group (controls together with metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients). FA desaturase (FADS) genes are the key regulators of LC-PUFA metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyze associations between FADS polymorphisms and clusters of MetS. The study group consisted of 188 controls and 166 patients with MetS. The first cluster contained 71 controls (CON1) and 109 MetS patients (MetS1). The second cluster consisted of 117 controls (CON2) and 57 MetS patients (MetS2). In comparison with MetS2, cluster MetS1 displayed a more adverse risk profile. Cluster CON1 had, in comparison with CON2, higher body weight and increased triacylglycerol levels (p < 0.05). We found that the FADS rs174537 (p < 0.001), rs174570 (p < 0.01), and rs174602 (p < 0.05) polymorphisms along with two inferred haplotypes had statistically significant genotype associations with the splitting of MetS into MetS1 and MetS2. Conversely, we observed no significant differences in the distribution of FADS polymorphisms between MetS and CON subjects, or between CON1 and CON2. These associations between FADS polymorphisms and two clusters of MetS (differing in waist circumference, HOMA-IR, lipolysis, and oxidative stress) implicate the important influence of genetic factors on the phenotypic manifestation of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Žák
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.Ž.); (B.S.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Marie Jáchymová
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Burda
- Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Barbora Staňková
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.Ž.); (B.S.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Miroslav Zeman
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.Ž.); (B.S.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Adolf Slabý
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.Ž.); (B.S.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Marek Vecka
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.Ž.); (B.S.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Perrone B, Ruffo P, Zelasco S, Giordano C, Morelli C, Barone I, Catalano S, Andò S, Sisci D, Tripepi G, Mammì C, Bonofiglio D, Conforti FL. LPL, FNDC5 and PPARγ gene polymorphisms related to body composition parameters and lipid metabolic profile in adolescents from Southern Italy. J Transl Med 2022; 20:107. [PMID: 35241092 PMCID: PMC8895817 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma lipid profile and anthropometric variables are known to be under strong genetic control and the identification of genetic variants associated with bioclinical parameters is of considerable public health importance. In this study, a young cohort of healthy individuals was genotyped for genes related to health and pathological conditions, to analyze the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with different bioclinical parameters, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and physical activity, studying the role of lifestyle and body composition parameters on biochemical metabolic profile. Methods Association analysis of single variants in the genes of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and haplotype analyses were performed. Results Multiple (n = 14) common variants in the three genes demonstrated a significant effect on plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels and/or on biochemical parameters in our sample. Specifically, SNPs were related to lipid metabolism (rs3866471, rs4922115, rs11570892, rs248, rs316, rs1059507, rs1801282) or glycemic profile (rs3208305) or anthropometric parameters (rs3480, rs726344, rs1570569) for a total of 26 significant associations (P < 0.01 and/or P < 0.05) and two haplotypes, for the first time, were strongly associated with lipid and body composition parameters. Interestingly, we identified twenty-four new variants not previously described in the literature and a novel significant association between rs80143795 and body composition. Conclusions In this study we confirm the association between these SNPs on lipid metabolism and body parameters also in a young cohort, indicating the important role of these genetic factors as determinants of health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03314-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Perrone
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Paola Ruffo
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Samanta Zelasco
- Olive Growing and Olive Oil Industry Research Centre, Agricultural Research Council, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.,Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.,Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.,Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of Reggio Calabria, IFC-CNR, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Corrado Mammì
- Medical Genetics Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital BMM, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.,Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy. .,Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
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Kytikova OY, Novgorodtseva TP, Denisenko YK, Antonyuk MV, Gvozdenko TA. Associations Of Delta Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Polymorphisms With Lipid Metabolism Disorders. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2021.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are common chronic ailments associated with lipid metabolism disorders. One of the mechanisms of these disorders is related to the deficiency and/or change in the balance of essential fatty acids (FAs). At the same time, the provision of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) depends, besides sufficient dietary intake, on efficiency of their endogenous biosynthesis by desaturation and elongation processes regulated by FA elongases and FA desaturases. Desaturases are encoded by PUFA desaturase genes (FADSs): FADS1 and FADS2. Alteration of FA desaturase activity and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FADS1 and FADS2 gene cluster are associated with lipid metabolism dysfunction and may affect the pathogenesis of lipid-related diseases. People of different ages, from different ethnic backgrounds and countries may exhibit varying degrees of response to dietary supplements of ω3 and ω6 PUFAs. The study of the relationship between lipid metabolism disorders and genetic factors controlling FA metabolism is an important research area since the health effects of alimentary ω3 and ω6 PUFAs can depend on genetic variants of the FADS genes. This review summarizes the literature data on the association of FADS gene polymorphisms with lipid metabolism disorders and their role in the development of chronic non-communicable pathologies associated with changes in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Yu. Kytikova
- Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | - Yulia K. Denisenko
- Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Marina V. Antonyuk
- Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Gvozdenko
- Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
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Is There a FADS2-Modulated Link between Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Plasma Phospholipids and Polyphenol Intake in Adult Subjects Who Are Overweight? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020296. [PMID: 33494132 PMCID: PMC7909565 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols promote cardiometabolic health and are linked with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma phospholipids (LC-PUFA). The FADS2 polymorphisms are associated with LC-PUFA metabolism and overweight/obesity. This 4-week study examined the link between polyphenol intake, FADS2 variants (rs174593, rs174616, rs174576) and obesity in 62 overweight adults (BMI ≥ 25), allocated to consume 100 mL daily of either: Aronia juice, a rich source of polyphenols, with 1177.11 mg polyphenols (expressed as gallic acid equivalents)/100 mL (AJ, n = 22), Aronia juice with 294.28 mg polyphenols/100 mL (MJ, n = 20), or nutritionally matched polyphenol-lacking placebo as a control (PLB, n = 20). We analyzed LC-PUFA (% of total pool) by gas chromatography and FADS2 variants by real-time PCR. Four-week changes in LC-PUFA, BMI, and body weight were included in statistical models, controlling for gender and PUFA intake. Only upon AJ and MJ, the presence of FADS2 variant alleles affected changes in linoleic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Upon MJ treatment, changes in EPA were inversely linked with changes in BMI (β= -0.73, p = 0.029) and weight gain (β= -2.17, p = 0.024). Only in subjects drinking AJ, the link between changes in EPA and anthropometric indices was modified by the rs174576 variant allele. Our results indicate the interaction between FADS2, fatty acid metabolism, and polyphenol intake in overweight subjects.
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Maycotte-Cervantes ML, Aguilar-Galarza A, Anaya-Loyola MA, Anzures-Cortes MDL, Haddad-Talancón L, Méndez-Rangel AS, García-Gasca T, Rodríguez-García VM, Moreno-Celis U. Influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ELOVL on Biomarkers of Metabolic Alterations in the Mexican Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113389. [PMID: 33158152 PMCID: PMC7694210 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The elongation of very long chain fatty acids (ELOVL) is a family of seven enzymes that have specific functions in the synthesis of fatty acids. Some have been shown to be related to insulin secretion (ELOVL2), and in the lipid profile (ELOVL6) and patients with various pathologies. The present work focused on the study of ELOVL polymorphs with clinical markers of non-communicable chronic diseases in the Mexican population. A sample of 1075 participants was obtained, who underwent clinical, biochemical, and nutritional evaluation, and a genetic evaluation of 91 genetic variants of ELOVL was considered (2–7). The results indicate a 33.16% prevalence of obesity by body mass index, 13.84% prevalence of insulin resistance by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index, 7.85% prevalence of high cholesterol, and 20.37% prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. The deprived alleles showed that there is no association between them and clinical disease risk markers, and the notable finding of the association studies is that the ELOVL2 variants are exclusive in men and ELVOL7 in women. There is also a strong association of ELOVL6 with various markers. The present study shows, for the first time, the association between the different ELOVLs and clinical markers of chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Maycotte-Cervantes
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP 76230, Mexico; (M.L.M.-C.); (A.A.-G.); (M.A.A.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Galarza
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP 76230, Mexico; (M.L.M.-C.); (A.A.-G.); (M.A.A.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
| | - Miriam Aracely Anaya-Loyola
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP 76230, Mexico; (M.L.M.-C.); (A.A.-G.); (M.A.A.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
| | | | - Lorenza Haddad-Talancón
- Código 46 SA de CV, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62498, Mexico; (M.d.L.A.-C.); (L.H.-T.); (A.S.M.-R.)
| | | | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP 76230, Mexico; (M.L.M.-C.); (A.A.-G.); (M.A.A.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Rodríguez-García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico
- Correspondence: (V.M.R.-G.); (U.M.-C.); Tel.: +52-442-238-3525 (V.M.R.-G.); +52-442-192-1200 (ext. 5367) (U.M.-C.)
| | - Ulisses Moreno-Celis
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP 76230, Mexico; (M.L.M.-C.); (A.A.-G.); (M.A.A.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (V.M.R.-G.); (U.M.-C.); Tel.: +52-442-238-3525 (V.M.R.-G.); +52-442-192-1200 (ext. 5367) (U.M.-C.)
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Kothapalli KSD, Park HG, Brenna JT. Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and genetics. implications for interindividual variability in prothrombotic, inflammatory conditions such as COVID-19 ✰,✰✰,★,★★. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 162:102183. [PMID: 33038834 PMCID: PMC7527828 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 symptoms vary from silence to rapid death, the latter mediated by both a cytokine storm and a thrombotic storm. SARS-CoV (2003) induces Cox-2, catalyzing the synthesis, from highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), of eicosanoids and docosanoids that mediate both inflammation and thrombosis. HUFA balance between arachidonic acid (AA) and other HUFA is a likely determinant of net signaling to induce a healthy or runaway physiological response. AA levels are determined by a non-protein coding regulatory polymorphisms that mostly affect the expression of FADS1, located in the FADS gene cluster on chromosome 11. Major and minor haplotypes in Europeans, and a specific functional insertion-deletion (Indel), rs66698963, consistently show major differences in circulating AA (>50%) and in the balance between AA and other HUFA (47-84%) in free living humans; the indel is evolutionarily selective, probably based on diet. The pattern of fatty acid responses is fully consistent with specific genetic modulation of desaturation at the FADS1-mediated 20:3→20:4 step. Well established principles of net tissue HUFA levels indicate that the high linoleic acid and low alpha-linoleic acid in populations drive the net balance of HUFA for any individual. We predict that fast desaturators (insertion allele at rs66698963; major haplotype in Europeans) are predisposed to higher risk and pathological responses to SARS-CoV-2 could be reduced with high dose omega-3 HUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar S D Kothapalli
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Depts of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, United States.
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Depts of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, United States.
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Depts of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
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