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Sieger MHL, Nichols C, Chasnoff IJ. Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, family care plans and infants with prenatal substance exposure: Theoretical framework and directions for future research. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2022; 31:e2309. [PMID: 38288357 PMCID: PMC10823434 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
In May 2021, a reauthorization of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) was introduced in the U.S. Senate. This reauthorization substantially amends provisions concerning infants affected by prenatal substance exposure and decidedly shifts the policy from a child safety- to a public health-focused approach to achieve the larger goals of healthy and safe child development and caregiver recovery from substance use disorder. Despite its honorable aspirations, no research has tested whether CAPTA "works". To advance scholarship on this policy, we summarize the service needs for this population and clarify how the CAPTA reauthorization aims to address these needs. We then apply a health utilization theory to understanding the mechanisms of effect on maternal-child outcomes. Based on this theoretical analysis, we discuss directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia Nichols
- University of Connecticut, School of Social Work, Hartford, CT
| | - Ira J. Chasnoff
- Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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West AL, Dauber S, Gagliardi L, Correll L, Lilli AC, Daniels J. Systematic Review of Community- and Home-Based Interventions to Support Parenting and Reduce Risk of Child Maltreatment Among Families With Substance-Exposed Newborns. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2020; 25:137-151. [PMID: 31409120 DOI: 10.1177/1077559519866272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Substance-exposed newborns (SENs) are at increased risk of child maltreatment, out-of-home placement, and poor health and developmental outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize existing research on community- and home-based interventions designed to improve parenting and reduce risk of maltreatment for families with SENs, applying a program logic framework. The review includes studies that used preexperimental, quasi-experimental, and experimental designs. Twelve interventions were identified. Of the nine studies that used more rigorous experimental or quasi-experimental designs, five showed positive effects on at least one parenting or child maltreatment outcome, although some studies showed high risk of bias. Full coherence among the intended participants, theory of change, and program components was observed for only two interventions. The findings suggest a need for more rigorous research to develop and test interventions that are grounded in theory and prior research and that address the unique needs of families with SENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L West
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Laina Gagliardi
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leeya Correll
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Cirillo Lilli
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jane Daniels
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Landers AL, McLuckie A, Cann R, Shapiro V, Visintini S, MacLaurin B, Trocmé N, Saini M, Carrey NJ. A scoping review of evidence-based interventions available to parents of maltreated children ages 0-5 involved with child welfare services. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 76:546-560. [PMID: 28985958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Parents referred to child welfare services for child maltreatment often struggle against chronic risk factors including violence, substance abuse, mental health concerns, and poverty, which impinge upon their ability to be sensitive caregivers. The first line of intervention within the child welfare context is to modify parenting behavior. This scoping review comprehensively surveyed all available literature to map the extent and range of research activity around the types of interventions available within a child welfare context to parents of infants and toddlers (0-5 years of age), to identify the facilitators and/or barriers to the uptake of interventions, and to check that interventions match the risk factors faced by parents. This scoping review engaged in stringent screening of studies based upon inclusion/exclusion criteria. Sixty-five articles involving forty-two interventions met inclusion criteria. Interventions generally aimed to improve parenting practices, the relationship between parent and child, and/or attachment security, along with reducing child abuse and/or neglect. A notable finding of this scoping review is that at present, interventions for parents of children ages 0-5 involved with the child welfare system are most frequently measured via case study and quasi-experimental designs, with randomized control trials making up 26.2% of included study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Landers
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, United States.
| | | | - Robin Cann
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Canfield M, Radcliffe P, Marlow S, Boreham M, Gilchrist G. Maternal substance use and child protection: a rapid evidence assessment of factors associated with loss of child care. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 70:11-27. [PMID: 28551458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the literature on the factors associated with mothers who use substances losing care of their children. A rapid evidence assessment was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses. Medline and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify primary research studies published in English during January 2000-September 2016. Studies were included if they presented individual, formal support (e.g., receiving substance use treatment) or informal support (e.g., receiving social and family support) factors associated with mothers who use substances retaining or losing care of their child/ren (losing care refers to child protection services placing child/ren under the custody of a family relative, foster care, child care institution, or adoption). Evaluation studies or trials of interventions were excluded as were studies that focused on reunification or re-entering care as the outcome. Thirteen studies were included. Factors associated with mothers who use substances losing care of their children included: maternal characteristics (low socioeconomic status, younger age of first child, criminal justice involvement); psychological factors (mental health co-morbidity, adverse childhood experiences); patterns of substance use (use of cocaine prenatally, injection drug use); formal and informal support (not receiving treatment for substance use, fewer prenatal care visits, lack of social support). There is not enough evidence to determine the influence of substance use treatment in preventing mothers losing care of their children. Factors identified in this review provide the evidence to inform a prevention agenda and afford services the opportunity to design interventions that meet the needs of those mothers who are more likely to lose care of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Canfield
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8BB, UK.
| | - Polly Radcliffe
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8BB, UK.
| | - Sally Marlow
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8BB, UK.
| | - Marggie Boreham
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8BB, UK.
| | - Gail Gilchrist
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8BB, UK.
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Validation of a Measure of Parental Readiness for Treatment in a Clinical Sample of Children with Disruptive Behavior. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-014-9458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Maternal stress and behavioral adaptation in methadone- or buprenorphine-exposed toddlers. Infant Behav Dev 2013; 36:707-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Marsh JC, Smith BD. Integrated Substance Abuse and Child Welfare Services for Women: A Progress Review. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2011; 33:466-472. [PMID: 21499525 PMCID: PMC3076740 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A review of empirical literature reveals improvements in service utilization and outcomes for women when substance abuse and child welfare services are integrated. The increased use of substances by women involved in the child welfare system has resulted in a call for integrated, coordinated, evidence-based practices. Since the late 1990s, specific system- and service-level strategies have been developed to coordinate and integrate the provision of substance abuse and child welfare services such that women are remaining in treatment longer and are more likely to reduce substance use and be reunited with their children. The strategies reviewed provide useful guidelines for developing components of effective, evidence-based programs for substance-involved women in the child welfare system.
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Vanderploeg JJ, Connell CM, Caron C, Saunders L, Katz KH, Tebes JK. The impact of parental alcohol or drug removals on foster care placement experiences: a matched comparison group study. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2007; 12:125-36. [PMID: 17446566 PMCID: PMC3975051 DOI: 10.1177/1077559507299292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Research has established the coincidence of parental alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and child maltreatment, but few studies have examined the placement experiences and outcomes of children removed because of parental AOD use. The present study examines demographic characteristics and placement experiences of children removed from their homes because of parental AOD use (n = 1,333), first in comparison to the remaining sample of children in foster care (n = 4,554), then in comparison to a matched comparison group of children in foster care who were removed for other reasons (n = 1,333). Relative to the comparison sample, children removed for parental AOD use are less likely to experience co-occurring removal because of neglect and physical or sexual abuse and are more likely to be placed in relative foster care. In addition, these children remain in care longer, experience similar rates of reunification, and have significantly higher rates of adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Vanderploeg
- Corresponding Author: Jeffrey J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D., Division of Prevention & Community Research and The Consultation Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511; phone: (203) 789-7645, fax: (203) 562-6355;
| | | | - Colleen Caron
- Rhode Island Department of Children, Youth, and Families; Providence RI
| | - Leon Saunders
- Rhode Island Department of Children, Youth, and Families; Providence RI
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Glantz MD, Chambers JC. Prenatal drug exposure effects on subsequent vulnerability to drug abuse. Dev Psychopathol 2007; 18:893-922. [PMID: 17152406 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579406060445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that both prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure are associated with increased risk of significant adverse medical, developmental, and behavioral outcomes including substance abuse. Research on the outcomes of prenatal exposure to illicit drugs (PNDE) has also found increased physical and behavioral problems for gestationally drug-exposed children. However, a clear picture has not emerged on whether the consequences of PNDE are independent from those associated with having a substance abusing parent and whether PNDE increases vulnerability to drug abuse. Because of its typical co-occurrence with factors inherent in having a drug-abusing parent, PNDE is at least a marker of significant increased risk for a range of negative outcomes including greater vulnerability to substance abuse. Although a review of the relevant research literatures indicates that the direct consequences of PNDE appear to be generally both subtle and nonglobal, PNDE does appear to have negative developmental and behavioral outcomes, and there is evidence that it is a modest direct contributor to increased substance abuse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyer D Glantz
- Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9589, USA.
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