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Barnicot K, Stevens E, Robinson F, Labovitch S, Ballman R, Miele M, Lawn T, Sundaresh S, Iles J. Video feedback for young babies and maternal perinatal mental illness: intervention adaptation, feasibility and acceptability. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38441072 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2024.2322636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/BACKGROUND We aimed to adapt, pilot and explore experiences of receiving and delivering the video feedback intervention for positive parenting (VIPP) for 2 to 6 month old babies, mothers experiencing moderate to severe perinatal mental health difficulties and perinatal mental health clinicians. DESIGN/METHODS The VIPP intervention was adapted to include developmentally appropriate activities and developmental psychoeducation for 2 to 6 month olds, alongside psychoeducation on emotion regulation, and then piloted in 14 mothers experiencing moderate to severe perinatal mental health difficulties (registration ISRCTN64237883). Observational and self-reported pre-post outcome data on parenting and parent-infant mental health was collected, and post-intervention qualitative interviews were conducted with participating mothers and clinicians. RESULTS Consent (67%), intervention completion (79%) and follow-up rates (93%) were high. Effect sizes on pre-post outcome measures indicated large improvements in parenting confidence and perceptions of the parent-infant relationship, and a medium-size improvement in maternal sensitivity. In qualitative interviews, clinicians and mothers described how mothers' initial anxieties about being filmed were allayed through receiving positive and strengths-focussed feedback, boosting their self-confidence, and that the video feedback facilitated identification of young babies' subtle behavioural cues and moments of mother-infant connection. Streamlining the information provided on maternal emotion regulation, and allowing increased use of clinical judgement to tailor intervention delivery, were suggested to optimise intervention feasibility and acceptability. CONCLUSION It is feasible and acceptable to implement VIPP with very young babies and their mothers experiencing perinatal mental health difficulties. A fully powered randomised controlled trial is required to establish intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Barnicot
- Department of Health Services Research and Management, City University of London, London, UK
- Perinatal Mental Health Service, Central & North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eloise Stevens
- Department of Health Services Research and Management, City University of London, London, UK
| | - Fiona Robinson
- Department of Health Services Research and Management, City University of London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Labovitch
- Department of Health Services Research and Management, City University of London, London, UK
- Research and Development, West London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Rajinder Ballman
- Perinatal Mental Health Service, Central & North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maddalena Miele
- Perinatal Mental Health Service, Central & North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tara Lawn
- Perinatal Mental Health Service, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sushma Sundaresh
- Perinatal Mental Health Service, Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane Iles
- Department of Psychological Interventions, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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2
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Bérubé A, Pearson J, Blais C, Forget H. Stress and emotion recognition predict the relationship between a history of maltreatment and sensitive parenting behaviors: A moderated-moderation. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38173233 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942300158x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Our study proposes to examine how stress and emotion recognition interact with a history of maltreatment to influence sensitive parenting behaviors. A sample of 58 mothers and their children aged between 2 and 5 years old were recruited. Parents' history of maltreatment was measured using the Child Trauma Questionnaire. An emotion recognition task was performed. Mothers identified the dominant emotion in morphed facial emotion expressions in children. Mothers and children interacted for 15 minutes. Salivary cortisol levels of mothers were collected before and after the interaction. Maternal sensitive behaviors were coded during the interaction using the Coding Interactive Behavior scheme. Results indicate that the severity of childhood maltreatment is related to less sensitive behaviors for mothers with average to good abilities in emotion recognition and lower to average increases in cortisol levels following an interaction with their children. For mothers with higher cortisol levels, there is no association between a history of maltreatment and sensitive behaviors, indicating that higher stress reactivity could act as a protective factor. Our study highlights the complex interaction between individual characteristics and environmental factors when it comes to parenting. These results argue for targeted interventions that address personal trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bérubé
- Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche universitaire pour les jeunes enfants et leur famille, Trois-Rivieres, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica Pearson
- Centre de recherche universitaire pour les jeunes enfants et leur famille, Trois-Rivieres, QC, Canada
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, QC, Canada
| | | | - Hélène Forget
- Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
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3
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Naudin C, Gatti V, Kounou KB, Bagnéken CO, Ntjam MC, Clément MÈ, Brodard F. Physically Violent Parental Practices: A Cross-Cultural Study in Cameroon, Switzerland, and Togo. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:959-971. [PMID: 38045833 PMCID: PMC10689656 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Violence against children and adolescents is a widespread problem. However, most studies conducted in this field has been carried out in Western countries and studies are needed in non-Western countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, where rates of child physical violence are high. The present study aimed firstly to document the different forms of physical violence and attitudes toward corporal punishment (CP) across Cameroon, Switzerland, and Togo. The second objective aimed, on the one hand, to understand the influence of cultural context, childhood physical abuse, and parental attitudes on physically violent parental practices in these three different cultural contexts. On the other, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of childhood physical abuse and parental attitudes on the effect of cultural contexts on parental practices. Five hundred and forty-seven parents from Togo, Cameroon, and Switzerland filled out questionnaires concerning violent parental practices (ICAST-P), childhood physical abuse (CTQ-SF), and parental attitudes in favor of CP. Firstly, results highlighted some cultural differences regarding parental attitudes and practices. Secondly, the hierarchical regression showed that physical violence could be partially predicted by the cultural context, childhood abuse, and attitudes in favor of CP. Finally, childhood abuse and parental attitudes mediated the link between the cultural context and parental practices. This study underscores the importance of considering the cultural context when examining parental practices. Moreover, these results provide a better understanding of these types of parental practices in less studied contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Naudin
- Family and Development Research Center (FADO), Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Veronica Gatti
- Family and Development Research Center (FADO), Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kossi B. Kounou
- Research Team in Psychology, Orientation and Development, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | - Marie-Ève Clément
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, University of Québec in Outaouais, Saint-Jérome, Canada
| | - Fabrice Brodard
- Family and Development Research Center (FADO), Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Kimonis ER. The Emotionally Sensitive Child-Adverse Parenting Experiences-Allostatic (Over)Load (ESCAPE-AL) Model for the Development of Secondary Psychopathic Traits. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:1097-1114. [PMID: 37735279 PMCID: PMC10640461 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and treatment of antisocial behavior have improved through efforts to subtype individuals based on similar risk factors and outcomes. In particular, the presence of psychopathic traits is associated with distinct etiological factors and antisocial behavior that begins early in life, is aggressive, persistent, and less likely to normalize with traditional treatments, relative to individuals low on psychopathy or its childhood precursor, callous-unemotional (CU) traits. However, important distinctions can be made within individuals with CU/psychopathic traits according to the presence of elevated anxiety symptoms and/or adverse childhood experiences, known as secondary psychopathy/CU traits. This paper provides a broad and brief overview of theory and empirical literature supporting the existence of secondary psychopathy/CU variants as a distinct subtype of childhood antisocial behavior. It outlines the Emotionally Sensitive Child-Adverse Parenting Experiences-Allostatic (Over)Load (ESCAPE-AL) model for the developmental psychopathology of secondary psychopathic/CU traits and discusses research and theory supporting this perspective. Future research directions for testing this conceptual model and its implications for assessing and treating high-risk individuals with secondary CU/psychopathic traits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva R Kimonis
- Parent-Child Research Clinic, School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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5
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Frost A, Kuzava S, Bernard K. The physiology of maternal sensitivity to distress: An exploratory study of mothers' electrocortical and sympathetic nervous system reactivity. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22328. [PMID: 36282752 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Maternal sensitivity in response to infant distress is related to a number of physiological processes, including electrocortical activity and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Several studies have examined these systems in isolation, but limited work to date has investigated how they may moderate one another in relation to maternal behavior. The current exploratory study aimed to investigate the interactive effect of the late positive potential (LPP) and skin conductance level (SCL) on observed maternal sensitivity to distress. Ninety-five mothers of 6- to 12-month-old infants participated in two reactivity tasks measuring their LPP and SCL responses to child crying stimuli. Maternal sensitivity to distress was coded from video-recorded mother-infant interactions. Results showed a significant interaction effect, such that LPP reactivity to infant crying was positively related to maternal sensitivity to distress among mothers with relatively low SCL reactivity. The findings highlight the importance of examining multiple systems when characterizing the physiological basis of maternal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Frost
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sierra Kuzava
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristin Bernard
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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6
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Lavi I, Ozer EJ, Katz LF, Gross JJ. The role of parental emotion reactivity and regulation in child maltreatment and maltreatment risk: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 90:102099. [PMID: 34752992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and impact of child maltreatment make the scientific investigation of this phenomenon a matter of vital importance. Prior research has examined associations between problematic patterns of parents' emotion reactivity and regulation and child maltreatment and maltreatment risk. However, the strength and specificity of these relationships is not yet clear. To address this, we conducted a systematic literature search of four databases from inception through February 2021 to identify studies that reported these relationships. Our resulting meta-analysis of maltreatment involved parents of children who are up to 18 years of age (k = 46, encompassing 6669 parents). Our focus was the magnitude of the difference in levels of emotion reactivity and regulation between parents who maltreat or are at risk of maltreating and parents who do not maltreat their children or are not at risk of maltreating their children. As expected, results from meta-analyses using robust variance estimation indicated significantly higher problems with reactivity and regulation in maltreating parents / parents at risk (r = 0.40, k = 140; 95% CI [0.34, 0.45]), indicating that maltreating / at risk parents were more likely to have overall worse measures of reactivity and regulation. In comparison to non-maltreating parents, maltreating / at risk parents experience more negative emotions, display more negative emotion behavior, and are more dysregulated. These effects were fairly stable with little to no remaining heterogeneity. The current review concludes with a theoretical framework outlining the role of emotion reactivity and regulation in multiple risk factors of maltreatment, aiming to guide future study in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lavi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK; School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Israel.
| | - Emily J Ozer
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, United States of America.
| | | | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, United States of America.
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The causal effect of household chaos on stress and caregiving: An experimental study. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 8:100090. [PMID: 35757675 PMCID: PMC9216699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlational nature of previous studies on household chaos does not allow claims about causal effects of household chaos. The present study used an experimental design to assess the causal effect of household chaos on stress, negative emotions, and caregiving. Ninety-six female students (18–25 years) participated in our study. They took care of an infant simulator in a normal living room (neutral condition), and a chaotic living room (chaos condition), while caregiver sensitivity was observed, operationalized as perceiving, correctly interpreting, and responding accurately and promptly to the infant's signals. Participants reported on their current emotional state, and saliva was collected four times for analysis of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA). Results showed that there were no significant time or condition effects on negative emotional state. Yet, sAA levels were higher in the chaos condition compared to the neutral condition. We found no evidence for negative emotional state or sAA mediating the relation between household chaos and caregiver sensitivity. Because household chaos affected physiological stress in a parenting situation, it should not be ignored when using interventions aimed at reducing stress in parents. More research is needed on the effect of reduced (as opposed to increased) levels of household chaos on physiological stress levels in families with young children. Household chaos is causally related to physiological stress in a caregiving context. Household chaos does not affect self-reported negative emotions. No evidence for stress mediating the relation between household chaos and caregiving.
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Alyousefi‐van Dijk K, van der Knaap N, Buisman RS, Horstman LI, Lotz AM, Riem MME, Schuengel C, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans‐Kranenburg MJ. White matter integrity moderates the relation between experienced childhood maltreatment and fathers' behavioral response to infant crying. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:1399-1414. [PMID: 33200821 PMCID: PMC8451806 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to provide appropriate responses to infant distress is vital to paternal care, but may be affected by fathers' experiences of childhood maltreatment. Detrimental effects of childhood maltreatment have been found in the adult brain's white matter fibers, accompanied with impaired emotional and cognitive functioning. In the current study (N = 121), we examined new and expectant fathers' childhood maltreatment experiences (i.e. emotional and physical abuse and neglect), current behavioral responses (i.e. handgrip force) to infant cry sounds, and white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging. First, more exposure to childhood maltreatment was associated with more use of excessive handgrip force in response to infant crying by fathers. Second, the association between experienced childhood maltreatment and white matter integrity was not significant in whole-brain analyses. Lastly, we found that the association between maltreatment exposure and excessive handgrip force during infant crying was absent in fathers with high tract integrity in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus. These findings possibly point to insufficient behavioral inhibition or emotional dysregulation in fathers who experienced childhood maltreatment, but buffering for this effect in those with larger integrity in brain fibers connecting the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Alyousefi‐van Dijk
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Noa van der Knaap
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child StudiesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Renate S.M. Buisman
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa I. Horstman
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Anna M. Lotz
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Madelon M. E. Riem
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Behavioral Science InstituteRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Carlo Schuengel
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child StudiesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marian J. Bakermans‐Kranenburg
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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9
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A biopsychosocial perspective on maternal parenting in the first two years of infant life. Behav Brain Res 2021; 411:113375. [PMID: 34023309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guided by a biopsychosocial perspective of mothering, this study investigated the interplay among biological (maternal cortisol reactivity), psychological (maternal depressive symptoms), and social (infant emotion and regulation) factors in contributing to early changes in maternal parenting. Participants were 1292 low-income, mother-infant pairs, assessed when the infants were 6-months (T1), 15-months (T2), and 24-months old (T3). Maternal parenting was observed at all assessment points. At T1, infant emotion expression and orienting towards mothers were observed, when maternal cortisol reactivity was assessed. Mothers reported their depressive symptoms at T1. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two parenting factors across time points: positive engagement and negative intrusiveness. Second-order latent growth curve models revealed interactions among maternal cortisol reactivity, depressive symptoms, and child negative emotion/orienting at T1 in predicting intercepts and slopes of two parenting factors. T1 maternal cortisol reactivity was associated with a higher positive engagement intercept for infants having high negative emotion at T1, but a lower positive engagement intercept for infants with low negative emotion at T1, under low T1 maternal depressive symptoms. T1 maternal cortisol reactivity was also related to a lower negative intrusiveness intercept for infants showing high orienting at T1. Longitudinally, maternal cortisol reactivity at T1 predicted a faster decline in positive engagement when infants showed high negative emotion at T1, but a slower decline when infants were less negative at T1. This study reveals a bivalent adaptation process in maternal sensitivity and enhances the current understanding of how biopsychosocial factors contribute to maternal parenting in low-income families.
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Abstract
As a founder of the field of applied developmental psychology, Dr Edward Zigler promoted public policy that translated scientific knowledge into real-world programs to improve the outcomes of high-risk children and families. Many researchers, practitioners, and public policy proponents have sought to carry on his legacy through integration of empirical research, evidence-based prevention and intervention, and advocacy to address a range of challenges facing families with young children. To advance the field of child maltreatment, a multidisciplinary team of investigators from the Universities of Rochester and Minnesota partnered with the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to create the Translational Research that Adapts New Science FOR Maltreatment Prevention Center (Transform). Building on state-of-the-art research methodologies and clinical practices, Transform leverages theoretically grounded research and evidence-based interventions to optimize outcomes for individuals across the life span who have experienced, or may be at risk for, maltreatment. Inspired by the work of Dr Zigler, Transform is committed to bridging science and real-world practice. Therefore, in addition to creating new science, Transform's Community Engagement Core provides translational science to a broad audience of investigators, child-serving professionals, and parental and governmental stakeholders. This article describes Transform's purpose, theoretical framework, current activities, and future directions.
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11
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Sigrist C, Mürner-Lavanchy I, Peschel SKV, Schmidt SJ, Kaess M, Koenig J. Early life maltreatment and resting-state heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:307-334. [PMID: 33171141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent focus on the consequences of early life adversity (ELA) in neurobiological research led to a variety of findings suggesting alterations in several physiological systems, such as the cardiovascular system. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we focused on the relationship between early life maltreatment (ELM), one form of ELA, and resting vagal activity indexed by resting-state heart rate variability (HRV). A systematic search of the literature yielded 1'264 hits, of which 32 studies reporting data for group comparisons or correlations were included. By quantitative synthesis of existing studies using random-effect models, we found no evidence for a relationship between ELM exposure and resting vagal activity in principal. Conducting meta-regression analyses, however, we found the relationship between ELM and resting vagal activity to significantly vary as a function of both age and the presence of psychopathology. In light of the current multitude of vastly unclear pathways linking ELM to the onset of disease, we emphasize the need for further research and outline several aspects to consider in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sigrist
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ines Mürner-Lavanchy
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie K V Peschel
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Section for Translational Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans‐Kranenburg MJ, Coughlan B, Reijman S. Annual Research Review: Umbrella synthesis of meta-analyses on child maltreatment antecedents and interventions: differential susceptibility perspective on risk and resilience. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:272-290. [PMID: 31667862 PMCID: PMC7065145 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Child maltreatment in the family context is a prevalent and pervasive phenomenon in many modern societies. The global perpetration of child abuse and neglect stands in stark contrast to its almost universal condemnation as exemplified in the United Nation's Convention on the Rights of the Child. Much work has been devoted to the task of prevention, yet a grand synthesis of the literature is missing. Focusing on two core elements of prevention, that is, antecedents for maltreatment and the effectiveness of (preventative) interventions, we performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses published between January 1, 2014, and December 17, 2018. Meta-analyses were systematically collected, assessed, and integrated following a uniform approach to allow their comparison across domains. From this analysis of thousands of studies including almost 1.5 million participants, the following risk factors were derived: parental experience of maltreatment in his or her own childhood (d = .47), low socioeconomic status of the family (d = .34), dependent and aggressive parental personality (d = .45), intimate partner violence (d = .41), and higher baseline autonomic nervous system activity (d = .24). The effect size for autonomic stress reactivity was not significant (d = -.10). The umbrella review of interventions to prevent or reduce child maltreatment showed modest intervention effectiveness (d = .23 for interventions targeting child abuse potential or families with self-reported maltreatment and d = .27 for officially reported child maltreatment cases). Despite numerous studies on child maltreatment, some large gaps in our knowledge of antecedents exist. Neurobiological antecedents should receive more research investment. Differential susceptibility theory may shed more light on questions aimed at breaking the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment and on the modest (preventive) intervention effects. In combination with family-based interaction-focused interventions, large-scale socioeconomic experiments such as cash transfer trials and experiments with vouchers to move to a lower-poverty area might be tested to prevent or reduce child maltreatment. Prevalence, antecedents, and preventive interventions of prenatal maltreatment deserve continuing scientific, clinical, and policy attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child StudiesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareSchool of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Marian J. Bakermans‐Kranenburg
- Clinical Child and Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioural and Movement SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Barry Coughlan
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareSchool of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Sophie Reijman
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareSchool of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Diana S, Emanuel T, Keren AS, Izhak S. Ethnic Differences in Home-Related Maternal Stress: Muslim and Jewish Mothers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4393. [PMID: 31717679 PMCID: PMC6888124 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parental stresses are normal responses to raising children. They are affected by stresses parents and children accumulate and bring to their interrelations. Background factors like economic difficulties or the relations between the parents may affect parental stresses as well as demographic and environmental factors like noise and access to urban parks. Most studies on parental stress are based on a verified psychological questionnaire. We suggest using frequency domain heart rate variability index (HRV) to measure parental stress enabling, by thus, the measurement of physiological aspects of stress and risk to health. Parental stress is measured as the difference between HRV accumulated at home while staying with the children and without the husband and HRV measured in the neighborhood while staying without the children and the husband. We use the index to compare differences among Muslim and Jewish mothers in exposure to maternal stress at their homes and to expose the factors that predict differences in maternal stress. We found that Muslim mothers suffer from home-related maternal stress while Jewish mother do not. Number of children and ethnically related environmental aspects predict differences in maternal stress between Muslim and Jewish mothers. Muslims' lower access to parks stems from lack of home garden and parks in their neighborhoods in the Arab towns but mainly by restrictions on Muslim mothers' freedom of movement to parks. Despite differences in levels of noise at home and in the status of the mother in the household, these factors did not predict differences in maternal stress. Instead, the study highlights the crucial role of greenery and freedom of movement to parks in moderating home-related maternal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadi Diana
- Porter School of the Environmental and Earth Sciences, the Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tirosh Emanuel
- Bnei Zion Medical Center, the Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, (emeritus), The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 23774, Israel;
| | - Agay-Shay Keren
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed 5290002, Israel; or
| | - Schnell Izhak
- Department of Geography and Human Environment, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 66978, Israel
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14
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Alyousefi-van Dijk K, van 't Veer AE, Meijer WM, Lotz AM, Rijlaarsdam J, Witteman J, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Vasopressin Differentially Affects Handgrip Force of Expectant Fathers in Reaction to Own and Unknown Infant Faces. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:105. [PMID: 31164810 PMCID: PMC6536625 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of paternal responses to infant signals are poorly understood. Vasopressin has previously been proposed to affect these responses. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject design (N = 25 expectant fathers), we examined the effect of vasopressin administration on the use of excessive handgrip force during exposure to infant crying versus matched control sounds, while participants saw morphed images representing their own infant versus an unknown infant. We found that, compared to placebo, AVP administration elicited more excessive force while viewing an unknown infant image compared to viewing the image representing one’s own infant, while the reverse was true under placebo. The results are discussed in light of vasopressin’s role in parenting and parental protection among human fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Alyousefi-van Dijk
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anna E van 't Veer
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Methodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Willemijn M Meijer
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna M Lotz
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jolien Rijlaarsdam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Witteman
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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15
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Schulz S, Leijten P, Shaw DS, Overbeek G. Parental Reactivity to Disruptive Behavior in Toddlerhood: An Experimental Study. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:779-790. [PMID: 30370463 PMCID: PMC6469638 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Disruptive child behavior is often exacerbated and maintained by negative and inconsistent parenting behavior that unwittingly reinforces disruptive behavior. One explanation for why parents render it difficult to remain positive and consistent might be the impact of disruptive child behavior on parent self-efficacy and stress. This study investigates how disruptive child behavior in a challenging parenting situation shapes parental momentary thoughts of self-efficacy and feelings of stress (i.e., perceived distress and physiological arousal), and how these in turn predict parenting behavior. We experimentally manipulated a challenging parenting situation that was designed to elicit disruptive child behavior. Specifically, we examined: (1) the effects of the challenging condition compared to a control situation on parental state self-efficacy and stress, (2) whether parents with lower trait self-efficacy and higher trait stress in daily life are most affected, and (3) how state self-efficacy and stress predict parental subsequent use of direct commands and positive affect. Parent-toddler dyads were randomly assigned to a challenging or control situation (N = 110, Mage = 30.9 months). As predicted, parents in the challenging situation, relative to control, reported less self-efficacy and more perceived distress, and showed increased physiological arousal. Self-efficacy was compromised particularly in parents with low trait self-efficacy. Our findings suggest that child disruptive behavior drives parental state self-efficacy and stress, especially momentary self-efficacy in parents who generally feel less self-efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schulz
- Child Development and Education and Research Priority Area YIELD, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15780, 1001 NG Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patty Leijten
- Child Development and Education and Research Priority Area YIELD, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15780, 1001 NG Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- University of Pittsburgh, 4101 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Geertjan Overbeek
- Child Development and Education and Research Priority Area YIELD, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15780, 1001 NG Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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16
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Nyström-Hansen M, Andersen M, Khoury J, Davidsen K, Gumley A, Lyons-Ruth K, MacBeth A, Harder S. Hair cortisol in the perinatal period mediates associations between maternal adversity and disrupted maternal interaction in early infancy. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:543-556. [PMID: 30747450 PMCID: PMC6545887 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Existing literature points to the possibility that cortisol could be one link between maternal adversity and poorer parenting quality, but most studies have examined salivary cortisol concentrations rather than hair cortisol concentrations. The current study examined hair cortisol concentration (HCC) during the third trimester of pregnancy as a mediator between maternal adversity indicators (childhood abuse, severe mental illness, symptomatic functioning) and maternal caregiving behavior at 4 months postpartum. Forty-four women participated in the study: 30 with severe mental disorders, and 14 nonclinical controls. HCC was assessed during the third trimester of pregnancy (HCC-P) and at 4 months postpartum (HCC-4M). Sexual, physical, and emotional abuse were assessed by the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study Questionnaire. Maternal disrupted interaction was reliably coded from mother-infant video interactions during a Still-Face Procedure. Mediation models indicated that maternal HCC-P and HCC-4M mediated associations between maternal psychopathology (severe mental illness, symptomatic functioning) and maternal disrupted interaction at 4 months. Maternal HCC at 4 months also mediated associations between experienced childhood abuse and overall disrupted interaction. Our findings indicate that HCC may be a potential early biomarker for future caregiving challenges among mothers with severe mental illness and histories of childhood abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nyström-Hansen
- department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M.S. Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - J.E. Khoury
- Harvard Medical School, Cambridge Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, USA
| | - K. Davidsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Odense, Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark,Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A. Gumley
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - K. Lyons-Ruth
- Harvard Medical School, Cambridge Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, USA
| | - A. MacBeth
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - S. Harder
- department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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The effect of maltreatment experiences on maltreating and dysfunctional parenting: A search for mechanisms. Dev Psychopathol 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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The impact of childhood trauma and psychophysiological reactivity on at-risk women's adjustment to parenthood. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 31:127-141. [PMID: 30585566 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have an impact on women's adaptation to parenthood, but mechanisms are poorly understood. Autonomic nervous system reactivity was tested as a potential mediating mechanism in a sample of 193 at-risk primiparous women. ACEs were measured retrospectively during pregnancy. A baby cry-response task was administered during pregnancy while indicators of sympathetic reactivity (pre-ejection period; PEP) and parasympathetic reactivity (respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) were recorded. Parenting self-efficacy, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were measured during pregnancy and 1 year after giving birth. Harsh discipline was measured 2 years after giving birth. Structural equation modeling was employed to test whether baseline PEP and RSA and reactivity mediated links between ACEs and postnatal outcomes, adjusted for prenatal variables. High ACEs predicted less RSA reactivity (p = .02), which subsequently predicted increases in depressive symptoms (p = .03). The indirect effect was not significant (p = .06). There was no indirect link between high ACEs and harsh parenting through PEP nor RSA (n = 98). The parasympathetic nervous system may be involved in negative affective responses in the transition to parenthood among women exposed to childhood trauma.
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19
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Vitoria-Estruch S, Romero-Martínez Á, Lila M, Moya-Albiol L. Could Alcohol Abuse Drive Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators' Psychophysiological Response to Acute Stress? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122729. [PMID: 30513964 PMCID: PMC6313658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Proactively aggressive individuals have been shown to present a different pattern of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation from that of individuals characterized by reactive violence. Although attempts have been made to classify intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators based on ANS reactivity to acute stress, subsequent studies have failed to replicate this classification. Notably, the proposed classification neglected the role of chronic alcohol abuse in ANS dysregulation and the fact that this dysregulation entails an abnormal stress response. The aim of the present study was to analyze the response profile (psychological state and ANS response) of groups of IPV perpetrators with high (n = 27) and low (n = 33)-risk alcohol use to an acute stressor, compared to controls (n = 35). All IPV perpetrators scored higher on executive dysfunctions and impulsivity and showed larger decreases in positive affect, less satisfaction, and a higher external locus of control after the stressor than controls. IPV perpetrators with low-risk alcohol use had higher skin conductance levels and breathing reactivity than controls, especially during preparatory, task, and recovery periods. This information could help to develop methods for increasing batterers’ behavioral self-regulation, thus decreasing IPV recidivism risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marisol Lila
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Luis Moya-Albiol
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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20
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Dai X, Hua L, Chen Y, Wang J, Li J, Wu F, Zhang Y, Su J, Wu Z, Liang C. Mechanisms in hypertension and target organ damage: Is the role of the thymus key? (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3-12. [PMID: 29620247 PMCID: PMC5979885 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of cells and cytokines have been shown to be involved in the whole process of hypertension. Data from experimental and clinical studies on hypertension have confirmed the key roles of immune cells and inflammation in the process. Dysfunction of the thymus, which modulates the development and maturation of lymphocytes, has been shown to be associated with the severity of hypertension. Furthermore, gradual atrophy, functional decline or loss of the thymus has been revealed to be associated with aging. The restoration or enhancement of thymus function via upregulation in the expression of thymus transcription factors forkhead box N1 or thymus transplantation may provide an option to halt or reverse the pathological process of hypertension. Therefore, the thymus may be key in hypertension and associated target organ damage, and may provide a novel treatment strategy for the clinical management of patients with hypertension in addition to different commercial drugs. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the advances in our understanding of the impact of thymus function on hypertension from data from animal and human studies, and the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiamei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yanda Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jiyuan Su
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Zonggui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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21
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Reduced vasorin enhances angiotensin II signaling within the aging arterial wall. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27117-27132. [PMID: 29930755 PMCID: PMC6007470 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosylated protein vasorin physically interacts with the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and functionally attenuates its fibrogenic signaling in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the arterial wall. Angiotensin II (Ang II) amplifies TGF-β1 activation in the VSMCs of the arterial wall with aging. In this study, we hypothesized that a reduced expression of the protein vasorin plays a contributory role in magnifying Ang II-associated fibrogenic signaling in the VSMCs of the arterial wall with aging. The current study shows that vasorin mRNA and protein expression were significantly decreased both in aortic wall and VSMCs from old (30 mo) vs. young (8 mo) FXBN rats. Exposing young VSMCs to Ang II reduced vasorin protein expression to the levels of old untreated cells while treating old VSMCs with the Ang II type AT1 receptor antagonist Losartan upregulated vasorin protein expression up to the levels of young. The physical interaction between vasorin and TGF-β1 was significantly decreased in old vs. young VSMCs. Further, exposing young VSMCs to Ang II increased the levels of matrix metalloproteinase type II (MMP-2) activation and TGF-β1 downstream molecules p-SMAD-2/3 and collagen type I production up to the levels of old untreated VSMCs, and these effects were substantially inhibited by overexpressing vasorin. Administration of Ang II to young rats (8 mo) for 28 days via an osmotic minipump markedly reduced the expression of vasorin. Importantly, vasorin protein was effectively cleaved by activated MMP-2 both in vitro and in vivo. Administration of the MMP inhibitor, PD 166793, for 6 mo to young adult (18 mo) via a daily gavage markedly increased levels of vasorin in the aortic wall. Thus, reduced vasorin amplifies Ang II profibrotic signaling via an activation of MMP-2 in VSMCs within the aging arterial wall.
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22
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Buisman RSM, Pittner K, Compier-de Block LHCG, van den Berg LJM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Alink LRA. The past is present: The role of maltreatment history in perceptual, behavioral and autonomic responses to infant emotional signals. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 77:23-34. [PMID: 29294414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current study associations between parents' experiences of childhood maltreatment and their perceptual, behavioral and autonomic responses to infant emotional signals were examined in a sample of 160 parents. Experienced maltreatment (both physical and emotional abuse and neglect) was reported by the participants and, in approximately half of the cases, also by their parents. During a standardized infant vocalization paradigm, participants were asked to squeeze a handgrip dynamometer at maximal and at half strength while listening to infant crying and laughter sounds and to rate their perception of the sounds. In addition, their heart rate (HR), pre-ejection period (PEP), and vagal tone (RSA) were measured as indicators of underlying sympathetic and parasympathetic reactivity. Results indicated that participants did not differ in their perceptions of the infant vocalizations signals according to their maltreatment experiences. However, maltreatment experiences were associated with the modulation of behavioral responses. Experiences of neglect during childhood were related to more handgrip force during infant crying and to less handgrip force during infant laughter. Moreover, a history of neglect was associated with a higher HR and a shorter PEP during the entire infant vocalization paradigm, which may indicate chronic cardiovascular arousal. The findings imply that a history of childhood neglect negatively influences parents' capacities to regulate their emotions and behavior, which would be problematic when reacting to children's emotional expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate S M Buisman
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| | - Katharina Pittner
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Lenneke R A Alink
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Faculty of Law, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Meyer K, Yonashiro-Cho J, Gassoumis ZD, Mosqueda L, Han SD, Wilber KH. What Can Elder Mistreatment Researchers Learn About Primary Prevention From Family Violence Intervention Models? THE GERONTOLOGIST 2017; 59:601-609. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnx179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Elder mistreatment (EM) is a public health problem that harms millions of older Americans each year. Despite growing recognition of its occurrence, there are no evidence-based primary prevention programs. Although EM is distinct from other areas of family violence, including child maltreatment and intimate partner violence, common risk factors and theoretical underpinnings point to opportunities for prevention strategies. Drawing on evidence-based best practices found in other fields of family violence, we identify approaches that could be tested to prevent EM at the hands of family caregivers, who are among the most likely to commit mistreatment. Specifically, we examine home visiting approaches primarily used in the child maltreatment field and identify components that have potential to inform EM interventions, including prevention. We conclude that there is enough information to begin testing a prevention intervention for EM that targets caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Meyer
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Zachary D Gassoumis
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Laura Mosqueda
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Alhambra
| | - S Duke Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Alhambra
| | - Kathleen H Wilber
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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24
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Abstract
Crying conveys evidence about an infant's state and neurological health which, when carefully assessed, can provide diagnostic information for parents and clinicians. When crying is inconsolable or judged to be excessive, it can stress parents, disrupt parenting and, in rare cases, place an infant at risk for abuse. Research has revealed physiological and neural responses to crying that may predispose some adults to maltreat infants. Although this work suggests that parental vulnerabilities contribute to insensitive or aggressive reactions, there is a growing recognition that exposure to large doses of crying may be a challenge for all adults. Support programmes that inform parents about infant crying, enhance parenting, and improve parental wellbeing and coping, are under development with promising initial findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra M Zeifman
- Vassar College, Department of Psychological Science, 124 Raymond Avenue, Mailbox 582, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA
| | - Ian St James-Roberts
- Thomas Coram Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 27/28 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK
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25
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Fisher PA, Skowron EA. Social-learning parenting intervention research in the era of translational neuroscience. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 15:168-173. [PMID: 28813257 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the decades since social learning parenting interventions emerged, many evidence-based programs have been implemented at scale in community settings, and much research is now focusing on ways to maintain fidelity and impact during the implementation process. Notably, a considerable amount of theoretical confluence has occurred in parenting interventions from social learning, attachment, and other theoretical perspectives, with parent coaching as an example of this new generation of relational interventions. In addition, research examining the neurobiological effects of early adverse experiences is providing insight into key mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of social learning parenting interventions, and new strategies for tailoring interventions to the needs of specific populations are being developed, making interventions more efficient, precise, and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Fisher
- Prevention Science Institute, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Skowron
- Prevention Science Institute, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
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