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Zhang L, Ren H, Zhang R, Chen M, Li R, Shi L, Yao D, Gao J, Hu Y. Time-estimation process could cause the disappearence of readiness potential. Cogn Neurodyn 2022; 16:1003-1011. [PMID: 36237414 PMCID: PMC9508310 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, the readiness potential (RP) is considered to be the scalp electroencephalography (EEG) activity preceding movement. In our previous study, we found early RP was absent among approximately half of the subjects during instructed action, but we did not identify the mechanism causing the disappearance of the RP. In this study, we investigated whether the time-estimation process could cause the disappearance of the RP. First, we designed experiments consisting of motor execution (ME), motor execution after time estimation (MEATE), and time estimation (TE) tasks, and we collected and preprocessed the EEG data of 16 subjects. Second, we compared the event related potential (ERP) waveform and scalp topography between ME and MEATE tasks. Then, to explore the influence of time-estimation, we analyzed the difference in ERP between MEATE and TE tasks. Finally, we used source imaging to probe the activation of brain regions during the three tasks, and we calculated the average activation amplitude of eight motor related brain regions. We found that the RP occurred in the ME task but not in the MEATE task. We also found that the waveform of the difference in ERP between the MEATE and TE tasks was similar to that of the ME task. The results of source imaging indicated that, compared to the ME task, the activation amplitude of the supplementary motor area (SMA) decreased significantly for the MEATE task. Our results suggested that the time estimation process could cause the disappearance of the RP. This phenomenon might be caused by the counteraction of neural electrical activity related to time estimation and motor preparation in the SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and pBrain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haikun Ren
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and pBrain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and pBrain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and pBrain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and pBrain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and pBrain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and pBrain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Hu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and pBrain-Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Jarczok TA, Haase R, Bluschke A, Thiemann U, Bender S. Bereitschaftspotential and lateralized readiness potential in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: altered motor system activation and effects of methylphenidate. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:960-970. [PMID: 31280897 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to abnormal functioning of cortical motor areas such as the supplementary motor area, the premotor cortex and primary motor cortex (MI). The Bereitschaftspotential (BP) and lateralized readiness potential (LRP) are movement-related potentials generated by cortical motor areas. We hypothesized that the BP and LRP would be altered in children with ADHD. A group of 17 children with ADHD (mean age: 11.5 ± 1.9 years) and a control group of 16 typically developing children (mean age: 12.2 ± 2.0 years) performed movements at self-chosen irregular intervals while a 64-channel DC-EEG was registered. BP and LRP were calculated from the EEG. The ADHD group had significantly lower and on average positive BP amplitudes at Cz. In agreement with age-dependent maturation effects the LRP had a positive polarity in both groups, but lower amplitudes were found in the ADHD group without medication. The control group showed a mid-central negativity and a positivity over motor areas contra-lateral to the side of movement, whereas no negativity over Cz and a more diffuse positivity was found in the ADHD group. LRP group differences diminished after MPH administration as indicated by an interaction between group and time of measurement/medication. The cortical motor system shows altered functioning during movement preparation and initiation in children affected by ADHD. Positive Bereitschaftspotential polarities may represent delayed cortical maturation. Group differences of LRP were pharmacologically modulated by the catecholaminergic agent MPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz A Jarczok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Robert Haase
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Bluschke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulf Thiemann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Mowinckel AM, Pedersen ML, Eilertsen E, Biele G. A meta-analysis of decision-making and attention in adults with ADHD. J Atten Disord 2015; 19:355-67. [PMID: 25477020 DOI: 10.1177/1087054714558872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficient reward processing has gained attention as an important aspect of ADHD, but little is known about reward-based decision-making (DM) in adults with ADHD. This article summarizes research on DM in adult ADHD and contextualizes DM deficits by comparing them to attention deficits. METHOD Meta-analytic methods were used to calculate average effect sizes for different DM domains and continuous performance task (CPT) measures. RESULTS None of the 59 included studies (DM: 12 studies; CPT: 43; both: 4) had indications of publication bias. DM and CPT measures showed robust, small to medium effects. Large effect sizes were found for a drift diffusion model analysis of the CPT. CONCLUSION The results support the existence of DM deficits in adults with ADHD, which are of similar magnitude as attention deficits. These findings warrant further examination of DM in adults with ADHD to improve the understanding of underlying neurocognitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guido Biele
- University of Oslo, Norway Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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