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Ulusoy V, Bilican I, Gormez A. Effectiveness of an online dialectical behavior therapy skills training in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Psychother Res 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38359387 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2024.2311773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aims to examine the efficacy of an add-on dialectical behavior therapy skills training (DBT-ST) on adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The DBT-ST was applied online under the pandemic conditions that occurred after the study had started. METHODS The current randomized controlled trial consists of an intervention group to whom the DBT-ST was applied in online setting and a waitlist control group who received treatment as usual (TAU). Data were collected pre-, post-, and mid-treatment. ADHD symptoms (with the sub-dimensions of inattention and hyperactivity), impulsivity, mindfulness, difficulty with emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, distress tolerance, life satisfaction, functionality in daily life, and general psychological symptom levels were measured with self-report scales. The data were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA. RESULTS The global ADHD, inattention, and hyperactivity symptoms of the DBT-ST group significantly decreased more than those in the TAU control group. The DBT-ST group also showed a significant decrease regarding difficulty with emotion regulation and increases in life satisfaction and functionality, though the group × time effect was not significant. CONCLUSION DBT-ST was found effective against the participants' ADHD symptoms. The treatment was additionally found to improve their emotion regulation and quality of life. Further investigation is needed to investigate DBT-ST in an online setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahide Ulusoy
- Department of Psychology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Işıl Bilican
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Aynur Gormez
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Canu WH, Cave MJ, Nelson JM. Stigma Related to Observable Symptoms, But Not Stimulant Medication Use, in Young Women With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:189-200. [PMID: 37981811 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231211358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ADHD is associated with stigma, but whether stimulant medication use contributes to this is unknown. We examined how perception of a young woman may be influenced by visible ADHD symptoms and/or prescribed stimulant medication use (PSMU). METHOD Three-hundred-fourteen undergraduates were randomly assigned to watch one of four videos: a woman portraying (a) neither symptoms of ADHD nor PSMU, (b) no ADHD symptoms but disclosing PSMU, (c) ADHD symptoms but no PSMU, or (d) both ADHD symptoms and PSMU. Participants then completed measures of their liking of and desire for affiliation with the woman. RESULTS Analyses suggest that visible symptoms of ADHD were perceived negatively and are associated with less liking and desire for affiliation. PSMU was associated with negligible additive stigma. CONCLUSION This supports that noticeable ADHD symptoms may be the primary driver of the stigma associated with the disorder, and specifically that directed at young women with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will H Canu
- Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
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Kosheleff AR, Mason O, Jain R, Koch J, Rubin J. Functional Impairments Associated With ADHD in Adulthood and the Impact of Pharmacological Treatment. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:669-697. [PMID: 36876491 PMCID: PMC10173356 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231158572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among untreated adults, functional impairments associated with ADHD are widespread and cumulative, and can include social, educational, and professional impairments, increased risk of accidents and mortality, and reduced quality of life. Here, we review the most prominent functional impairments in adults with ADHD and summarize evidence describing the potential role of medication in improving outcomes. METHOD Articles related to the search terms "ADHD," "adult," and functional impairments were identified through Google Scholar and PubMed and selected for inclusion based on four criteria: strength of evidence, relevance to current challenges in adult ADHD, impact on the field, and recency of the results. RESULTS We identified 179 papers to support the conclusions on the relationship between ADHD and functional impairments, and the impact of pharmacological therapy on functional impairments. CONCLUSION This narrative review provides evidence that pharmacological treatment can be effective in minimizing not only the symptoms of ADHD, but its functional consequences as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oren Mason
- Attention MD, Grand Rapids, MI, USA and
Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rakesh Jain
- Texas Tech University School of Medicine,
Midland, TX, USA
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4
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Murray AL, Taut D, Baban A, Hemady CL, Walker S, Osafo J, Sikander S, Tomlinson M, Toit SD, Marlow M, Ward CL, Fernando A, Madrid B, Van Thang V, Tuyen HD, Dunne M, Hughes C, Fearon P, Valdebenito S, Eisner M. Associations Between ADHD Symptoms and Maternal and Birth Outcomes: An Exploratory Analysis in a Multi-Country Cohort of Expectant Mothers. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1882-1894. [PMID: 35815439 PMCID: PMC9597155 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ADHD symptoms can adversely impact functioning in a range of domains relevant for maternal well-being and fetal development; however, there has been almost no research examining their impact during pregnancy. We aimed to address this gap. METHOD We used data (n = 1,204) from a longitudinal birth cohort study spanning eight countries to address this gap. RESULTS ADHD symptoms in the third trimester of pregnancy were associated with lower social support from family (b = -0.16, p = .031), friends (b = -0.16, p = .024), and significant others (b = -0.09, p = .001); higher stress (b = 0.34, p < .001) and depressive symptoms (b = 0.31, p < .001), and increased likelihood of an unwanted pregnancy (b = 0.30, p = .009). Significant associations with tobacco use (b = 0.36, p = .023) and premature birth (b = 0.35, p = .007) did not survive correction for multiple comparisons and there were no significant associations with alcohol use, low birth weight, or unplanned pregnancy. CONCLUSION Results suggest that women with ADHD symptoms could benefit from earlier, more regular screening for mental health difficulties and greater mental health support during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aja Louise Murray
- University of Edinburgh, UK,Aja Louise Murray, Department of
Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Diana Taut
- Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca,
Romania
| | | | | | - Susan Walker
- The University of the West Indies,
Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | - Mark Tomlinson
- Stellenbosch Uni`versity, Cape Town,
South Africa,Queens University, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Dunne
- Queensland University of Technology,
Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Eisner
- University of Cambridge, UK,University of Zurich,
Switzerland
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5
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Hamerman R, Cohen N. Emotion control training enhances reappraisal success among individuals with reported ADHD symptoms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14058. [PMID: 35982138 PMCID: PMC9388606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicates that training individuals to recruit cognitive control before exposure to negative pictures can facilitate the propensity to use reappraisal and reappraisal success. Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience difficulties in cognitive control and emotion regulation, so they may especially benefit from such training. Individuals reporting high ADHD symptoms and controls were randomly assigned to one of two training conditions. In the high emotion control (H-EC) training condition, negative pictures were typically preceded by a stimulus that recruits cognitive control. In contrast, in the low emotion control (L-EC) training condition, negative pictures were typically preceded by a stimulus that does not recruit cognitive control. Participants were then asked to recall an adverse personal event and to reappraise the event. As predicted, instructed reappraisal was more effective in reducing negative mood in the H-EC training compared to the L-EC training. Furthermore, compared to controls, individuals with reported ADHD symptoms showed a greater propensity to use reappraisal after writing the event and a more considerable reduction in event significance and negativity following the instructed reappraisal assignment. We argue that employing cognitive control over emotional information has a causal role in reappraisal use and success among individuals with ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Hamerman
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Noga Cohen
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave, 3498838, Haifa, Israel. .,Department of Special Education, The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
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Rokeach A, Wiener J. Predictors of Friendship Quality in Adolescents with and without Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Eddy LD, Anastopoulos AD, Dvorsky MR, Silvia PJ, Labban JD, Langberg JM. An RCT of a CBT Intervention for Emerging Adults with ADHD Attending College: Functional Outcomes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2021; 50:844-857. [PMID: 33617367 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1867989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The current study reports functional outcomes from a multi-site randomized trial of a cognitive-behavioral treatment program for college students diagnosed with ADHD.Methods: A sample of emerging adults (N = 250; ages 18 to 30) currently attending college were comprehensively evaluated and diagnosed with ADHD (M age = 19.7; 66% female, 6.8% Latino, 66.3% Caucasian). Participants were randomized to either a two-semester intervention (Accessing Campus Connections and Empowering Student Success (ACCESS)) or a delayed treatment condition. Participants were assessed with measures of academic, daily life, and relationship functioning prior to treatment, at the end of the first semester, and after the second semester of treatment.Results: Multi-group latent growth curve models revealed moderate effect size improvements on self-report measures of study skills and strategies, as well as on self-report measures of time management, daily functioning, and overall well-being for participants in ACCESS. Importantly, treatment effects were maintained or increased in some cases from the end of the first semester to the end of the second semester. Improvements in self-reported interpersonal functioning were not significantly different across condition and neither condition demonstrated significant change over time in educational record outcomes (GPA and number of credits earned).Conclusions: ACCESS appears to promote improvements in self-reported general well-being and functioning, time management, and study skills and strategies. However, improvements in interpersonal relationships and objective academic outcomes such as GPA were not observed. Clinical implications and future directions for treating ADHD on university and college campuses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa R Dvorsky
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Medical Center
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Adamou M, Asherson P, Arif M, Buckenham L, Cubbin S, Dancza K, Gorman K, Gudjonsson G, Gutman S, Kustow J, Mabbott K, May-Benson T, Muller-Sedgwick U, Pell E, Pitts M, Rastrick S, Sedgwick J, Smith K, Taylor C, Thompson L, van Rensburg K, Young S. Recommendations for occupational therapy interventions for adults with ADHD: a consensus statement from the UK adult ADHD network. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:72. [PMID: 33541313 PMCID: PMC7863422 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADHD is neurodevelopmental disorder which persists into adulthood. Presently, therapeutic approaches are mainly pharmacological and psychological whilst the role, scope and approaches of occupational therapists have not been adequately described. RESULTS In this consensus statement we propose that by assessing specific aspects of a person's occupation, occupational therapists can deploy their unique skills in providing specialist interventions for adults with ADHD. We also propose a framework with areas where occupational therapists can focus their assessments and give practice examples of specific interventions. CONCLUSIONS Occupational therapists have much to offer in providing interventions for adults with ADHD. A unified and flexible approach when working with adults with ADHD is most appropriate and further research on occupational therapy interventions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Adamou
- School of Human & Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
| | - Philip Asherson
- grid.14105.310000000122478951MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Arif
- grid.420868.00000 0001 2287 5201Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Louise Buckenham
- grid.500653.50000000404894769Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Northamptonshire, UK ,The Royal College of Occupational Therapy and Heath Care Professionals Council, London, UK
| | | | - Karina Dancza
- grid.486188.b0000 0004 1790 4399Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kirstie Gorman
- grid.439737.d0000 0004 0382 8292Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
| | - Gísli Gudjonsson
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England
| | - Sharon Gutman
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - James Kustow
- grid.451052.70000 0004 0581 2008Barnet,Enfield and Haringey NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kerry Mabbott
- grid.500653.50000000404894769Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Northamptonshire, UK ,The Royal College of Occupational Therapy and Heath Care Professionals Council, London, UK
| | | | | | - Emma Pell
- grid.499523.00000 0000 8880 3342South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - Mark Pitts
- grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Jane Sedgwick
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England
| | | | - Clare Taylor
- grid.439450.f0000 0001 0507 6811South West London and St George’s Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lucy Thompson
- grid.499523.00000 0000 8880 3342South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - Kobus van Rensburg
- grid.500653.50000000404894769Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Northamptonshire, UK
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Triece PA, Oddo LE, Hill RM, Pettit JW, Meinzer MC. Investigation of the interpersonal theory of suicide in the context of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology and suicide ideation. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:1198-1204. [PMID: 32770790 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examines components of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide as mediators of the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and suicide ideation in college students with elevated depressive symptoms. Specifically, indirect effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness were simultaneously evaluated on the association between self-reported ADHD symptoms and suicide ideation, controlling for gender and levels of depression. METHOD Participants were 217 college students with elevated depressive symptoms (Mage = 20.72 years old; SD = 3.74) who participated in a larger study on mood and well-being. The sample was predominantly female (77.9% female) and Hispanic (72.7%). RESULTS In a multivariate mediation model controlling for gender and depressive symptoms, there were significant indirect effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness on the association between self-reported ADHD symptoms and suicide ideation. CONCLUSION Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness may represent promising targets for preventing suicide ideation in individuals with elevated ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren E Oddo
- University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ryan M Hill
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Abstract
Objective: This study compared the quality of friendships (same- and other-sex) in adolescents with and without ADHD, across age and gender. Method: A community sample of 115 participants (61 ADHD, 54 Comparison), ages 13 to 18, completed a questionnaire assessing perceived levels of social support and negative interactions experienced in their friendships. Results: Ratings of friendship social support diminished across age in youth with ADHD, but increased in typically developing youth. Adolescents with and without ADHD, however, did not differ on ratings of negative interactions experienced in their friendships. Compared with males, females rated their friendships to be more supportive, irrespective of ADHD status. Adolescents with and without ADHD rated their same-sex friendships to be simultaneously more supportive and more conflictual than their other-sex friendships. Conclusion: Assessments of adolescents with ADHD should include a careful examination of their social functioning with particular attention devoted to the quality of their friendships.
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Bodalski EA, Knouse LE, Kovalev D. Adult ADHD, Emotion Dysregulation, and Functional Outcomes: Examining the Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-018-9695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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