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Li X, Lin Z, Liu C, Bai R, Wu D, Yang J. Glymphatic Imaging in Pediatrics. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:1523-1541. [PMID: 37819198 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system, which facilitates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through the brain parenchyma, is important for brain development and waste clearance. Advances in imaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging, have make it possible to evaluate glymphatic structures and functions in vivo. Recently, several studies have focused on the development and alterations of the glymphatic system in pediatric disorders. This review discusses the development of the glymphatic system, advances of imaging techniques and their applications in pediatric disorders. First, the results of the reviewed studies indicate that the development of the glymphatic system is a long-lasting process that continues into adulthood. Second, there is a need for improved glymphatic imaging techniques that are non-invasive and fast to improve suitability for pediatric applications, as some of existing methods use contrast injection and are susceptible to motion artifacts from long scanning times. Several novel techniques are potentially feasible for pediatric patients and may be used in the future. Third, the glymphatic dysfunction is associated with a large number of pediatric disorders, although only a few have recently been investigated. In conclusion, research on the pediatric glymphatic system remains an emerging field. The preliminary applications of glymphatic imaging techniques have provided unique insight into the pathological mechanism of pediatric diseases, but mainly limited in visualization of enlarged perivascular spaces and morphological measurements on CSF volumes. More in-depth studies on glymphatic functions are required to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying brain development and pediatric diseases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruiliang Bai
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Computational Imaging and Medical Intelligence, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Chen Y, Wang M, Su S, Dai Y, Zou M, Lin L, Qian L, Li X, Zhang H, Liu M, Chu J, Yang J, Yang Z. Assessment of the glymphatic function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:1444-1452. [PMID: 37673963 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whether the alternation of the glymphatic system exists in neurodevelopmental disease still remains unclear. In this study, we investigated structural and functional changes in the glymphatic system in the treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children by quantitatively measuring the Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS) volume and diffusion tensor image-analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS). METHODS Forty-seven pediatric ADHD patients and 52 age- and gender-matched typically developing (TD) children were recruited in this prospective study. The VRS volume was calculated using a semi-automated approach in axial T2-weighted images. Diffusivities along the x-, y-, and z-axes in the projection, association, and subcortical neural fiber areas were measured. The ALPS index, a ratio that accentuated water diffusion along the perivascular space, was calculated. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the quantitative parameters; Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation with clinical symptoms. RESULTS The cerebral VRS volume (mean, 15.514 mL vs. 11.702 mL) and the VRS volume ratio in the ADHD group were larger than those in the TD group (all p < 0.001). The diffusivity along the x-axis in association fiber area and ALPS index were significantly smaller in the ADHD group vs. TD group (mean, 1.40 vs.1.59, p < 0.05 after false discovery rate adjustment). Besides, the ALPS index was related to inattention symptoms of ADHD (r = - 0.323, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the glymphatic system alternation may participate in the pathogenesis of ADHD, which may be a new research direction for exploring the mechanisms of psycho-behavioral developmental disorders. Moreover, the VRS volume and ALPS index could be used as the metrics for diagnosing ADHD. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Considering the potential relevance of the glymphatic system for exploring the mechanisms of attention deficit/hyperactivity, the Virchow-Robin spaces volume and the analysis along the perivascular space index could be used as additional metrics for diagnosing the disorder. KEY POINTS • Increased Virchow-Robin space volume and decreased analysis along the perivascular space index were found in the treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder children. • The results of this study indicate that the glymphatic system alternation may have a valuable role in the pathogenesis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. • The analysis along the perivascular space index is correlated with inattention symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Chen
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu Su
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengsha Zou
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Lin
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Qian
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Xianjun Li
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meina Liu
- Department of Pediatric, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Dietary inflammatory index of mothers during pregnancy and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in the child at preschool age: a prospective investigation in the INMA and RHEA cohorts. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:615-624. [PMID: 33398651 PMCID: PMC8713648 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation provides a substrate for mechanisms that underlie the association of maternal diet during pregnancy with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in childhood. However, no previous study has quantified the proinflammatory potential of maternal diet as a risk factor for ADHD. Thus, we evaluated the association of maternal dietary inflammatory index (DII®) scores during pregnancy with ADHD symptoms in 4-year-old children born in two Mediterranean regions. We analyzed data from two population-based birth cohort studies-INMA (Environment and Childhood) four subcohorts in Spain (N = 2097), and RHEA study in Crete (Greece) (N = 444). The DII score of maternal diet was calculated based on validated food frequency questionnaires completed during pregnancy (12th and/or 32nd week of gestation). ADHD symptoms were assessed by ADHD-DSM-IV in INMA cohort and by ADHDT test in RHEA cohort, with questionnaires filled-out by teachers and parents, respectively. The associations between maternal DII and ADHD symptoms were analysed using multivariable-adjusted zero-inflated negative binomial regression models in each cohort study separately. Meta-analysis was conducted to combine data across the cohorts for fitting within one model. The DII was significantly higher in RHEA (RHEA = 2.09 [1.94, 2.24]) in comparison to INMA subcohorts (Asturias = - 1.52 [- 1.67, - 1.38]; Gipuzkoa = - 1.48 [- 1.64, - 1.33]; Sabadell = - 0.95 [- 1.07, - 0.83]; Valencia = - 0.76 [- 0.90, - 0.62]). Statistically significant reduced risk of inattention symptomatology (OR = 0.86; CI 95% = 0.77-0.96), hyperactivity symptomatology (OR = 0.82; CI 95% = 0.72-0.92) and total ADHD symptomatology (OR = 0.82; CI 95% = - 0.72 to 0.93) were observed with increased maternal DII in boys. No statistically significant associations were observed in girls between maternal DII and inattention, hyperactivity and total ADHD symptomatology. We found reduced risk of ADHD symptomatology with increased DII only in boys. This relationship requires further exploration in other settings.
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Fan Q, Sun S, Li YJ. Precisely modeling zero-inflated count phenotype for rare variants. Genet Epidemiol 2022; 46:73-86. [PMID: 34779034 PMCID: PMC9615426 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Count data with excessive zeros are increasingly ubiquitous in genetic association studies, such as neuritic plaques in brain pathology for Alzheimer's disease. Here, we developed gene-based association tests to model such data by a mixture of two distributions, one for the structural zeros contributed by the Binomial distribution, and the other for the counts from the Poisson distribution. We derived the score statistics of the corresponding parameter of the rare variants in the zero-inflated Poisson regression model, and then constructed burden (ZIP-b) and kernel (ZIP-k) tests for the association tests. We evaluated omnibus tests that combined both ZIP-b and ZIP-k tests. Through simulated sequence data, we illustrated the potential power gain of our proposed method over a two-stage method that analyzes binary and non-zero continuous data separately for both burden and kernel tests. The ZIP burden test outperformed the kernel test as expected in all scenarios except for the scenario of variants with a mixture of directions in the genetic effects. We further demonstrated its applications to analyses of the neuritic plaque data in the ROSMAP cohort. We expect our proposed test to be useful in practice as more powerful than or complementary to the two-stage method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Fan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Centre for Quantitative Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuming Sun
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yi-Ju Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Chen Y, Su S, Dai Y, Wen Z, Qian L, Zhang H, Liu M, Fan M, Chu J, Yang Z. Brain Volumetric Measurements in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comparative Study Between Synthetic and Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:711528. [PMID: 34759789 PMCID: PMC8573371 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.711528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the profiles of brain volumetric measurements in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the consistency of these brain volumetric measurements derived from the synthetic and conventional T1 weighted MRI (SyMRI and cT1w MRI). Methods: Brain SyMRI and cT1w images were prospectively collected for 38 pediatric patients with ADHD and 38 healthy children (HC) with an age range of 6–14 years. The gray matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), non-WM/GM/CSF (NoN), myelin, myelin fraction (MYF), brain parenchyma volume (BPV), and intracranial volume (ICV) were automatically estimated from SyMRI data, and the four matching measurements (GMV, WMV, BPV, ICV) were extracted from cT1w images. The group differences of brain volumetric measurements were performed, respectively, using analysis of covariance. Pearson correlation analysis and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were applied to evaluate the association between synthetic and cT1w MRI-derived measurements. Results: As for the brain volumetric measurements extracted from SyMRI, significantly decreased GMV, WMV, BPV, and increased NON volume (p < 0.05) were found in the ADHD group compared with HC; No group differences were found in ICV, CSF, myelin volume and MYF (p > 0.05). With regard to GMV, WMV, BPV, and ICV estimated from cT1w images, the group differences between ADHD and HC were consistent with the results estimated from SyMRI. And these four measurements showed noticeable correlation between the two approaches (r = 0.692, 0.643, 0.898, 0.789, respectively, p < 0.001; ICC values are 0.809, 0.782, 0.946, 0.873, respectively). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a global brain development disability, but normal whole-brain myelination in children with ADHD. Moreover, our results demonstrated the high consistency of brain volumetric indices between synthetic and cT1w MRI in children, which indicates the high reliability of SyMRI in the child-brain volumetric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Su
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Wen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Qian
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meina Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Fan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Julvez J, Fernández-Barrés S, Gignac F, López-Vicente M, Bustamante M, Garcia-Esteban R, Vioque J, Llop S, Ballester F, Fernández-Somoano A, Tardón A, Vrijheid M, Tonne C, Ibarluzea J, Irazabal A, Sebastian-Galles N, Burgaleta M, Romaguera D, Sunyer J. Maternal seafood consumption during pregnancy and child attention outcomes: a cohort study with gene effect modification by PUFA-related genes. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:559-571. [PMID: 31578044 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to test the fetal programming theoretical framework in nutritional epidemiology. We evaluated whether maternal seafood intake during pregnancy was associated with 8-year-old attention outcomes after adjusting for previous child seafood intake and cognitive function. We also explored effect modification by several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism. METHODS Our final analyses included 1644 mother-child pairs from the prospective INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) cohort study (Spain, recruitment between 2003 and 2008). We used food frequency questionnaires to assess prenatal and postnatal seafood consumption of the mother-child pairs. We evaluated attention function of the children through the computer-based Attention Network Test (ANT) and we used the number of omission errors and the hit reaction time standard error (HRT-SE). Parents reported child attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms using the Revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale Short Form (CPRS-R: S). We measured seven candidate SNPs in a subsample of 845 children. We estimated associations using regression models, adjusting for family characteristics, child seafood intake and cognitive functions at early ages, and to explore SNP effect modifications. RESULTS Higher total seafood intake during early pregnancy was associated with a reduction of child ANT omission errors, 5th quintile (median = 854 g/week) vs 1st quintile (median = 195 g/week), incidence risk ratio (IRR) 0.76; 95% CI = 0.61, 0.94. Similar results were observed after adjusting the models for child seafood intake and previous cognitive status. Lean, large and small fatty fish showed similar results, and generally similar but less robust associations were observed with the other attention outcomes. Shellfish and canned tuna showed weaker associations. The association patterns were weaker in late pregnancy and null in child seafood consumption. Child rs1260326 (glucokinase regulator, GCKR) and child/maternal rs2281591 (fatty acid elongase 2, ELOVL2) polymorphisms showed nominal P-value for interactions <0.10 between total seafood intake and ANT outcomes. CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for previous child cognitive functions and child seafood intake, high pregnancy consumption (total, lean, small and large fatty fish) was independently associated with improvements of some 8-year-old attention outcomes. Genetic effect modification analyses suggest PUFA intake from seafood as a potential biological mechanism of such association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Julvez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Florence Gignac
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mónica López-Vicente
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raquel Garcia-Esteban
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Universidad Miguel Hernández, ISABIAL-FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, València, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IUOPA-Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IUOPA-Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jesus Ibarluzea
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Public Health Department, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain.,University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), School of Psychology, San Sebastian, Spain.,BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Amaia Irazabal
- BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nuria Sebastian-Galles
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Technology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Burgaleta
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Technology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Vilor-Tejedor N, Ikram MA, Roshchupkin G, Vinke EJ, Vernooij MW, Adams HHH. Aging-Dependent Genetic Effects Associated to ADHD Predict Longitudinal Changes of Ventricular Volumes in Adulthood. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:574. [PMID: 32714213 PMCID: PMC7344235 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset disorder that can persist into adult life. Most genetic studies have focused on investigating biological mechanisms of ADHD during childhood. However, little is known about whether genetic variants associated with ADHD influence structural brain changes throughout adulthood. METHODS Participant of the study were drawn from a population-based sample of 3,220 healthy individuals drawn from the Rotterdam Study, with at least two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-scans (8,468 scans) obtained every 3-4 years. We investigate associations of genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have previously been identified in genome-wide association studies for ADHD, and trajectories of global and subcortical brain structures in an adult population (aged 50 years and older), acquired through MRI. We also evaluated the existence of age-dependent effects of these genetic variants on trajectories of brain structures. These analyses were reproduced among individuals 70 years of age or older to further explore aging-dependent mechanisms. We additionally tested baseline associations using the first MRI-scan of the 3,220 individuals. RESULTS We observed significant age-dependent effects on the rs212178 in trajectories of ventricular size (lateral ventricles, P= 4E-05; inferior lateral ventricles, P=3.8E-03; third ventricle, P=2.5E-03; fourth ventricle, P=5.5E-03). Specifically, carriers of the G allele, which was reported as protective for ADHD, had a smaller increase of ventricular size compared with homozygotes for the A allele in elder stages. Post hoc analysis on the subset of individuals older than 70 years of age reinforced these results (lateral ventricles, P=7.3E-05). In addition, the rs4916723, and the rs281324 displayed nominal significant age-dependent effects in trajectories of the amygdala volume (P=1.4E-03), and caudate volume (P=1.8E-03), respectively. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study suggesting the involvement of protective genetic variants for ADHD on prevention of brain atrophy during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gennady Roshchupkin
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth J. Vinke
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hieab H. H. Adams
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Ferrer M, García-Esteban R, Iñiguez C, Costa O, Fernández-Somoano A, Rodríguez-Delhi C, Ibarluzea J, Lertxundi A, Tonne C, Sunyer J, Julvez J. Head circumference and child ADHD symptoms and cognitive functioning: results from a large population-based cohort study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:377-388. [PMID: 30027417 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to understand the association between prenatal, newborn and postnatal head circumference (HC) and preschool neurodevelopment in a large population-based birth cohort. The INMA project followed 1795 children from 12 weeks of pregnancy to preschool years. HC measurements were carried out prospectively, and following a standardized protocol during pregnancy (12, 20 and 34 weeks), birth, and child ages of 1-1.5 and 4 years old; and z-scores were further estimated. Prenatal head growth was assessed using conditional z-scores between weeks 12-20 and 20-34. Several neuropsychological tests [MSCA (cognition), CPT (attention)] and behavioral rating scales [DSM-IV-ADHD, CAST (autism), CPSCS (social competence)] were carried out during the last follow-up (5 years old). Multivariable models adjusted for family and child characteristics were applied to analyze associations between HC and neurodevelopment. In fully adjusted models, prenatal HC and head growth showed little or no associations with the neurodevelopment outcomes. Independent associations were observed between HC z-scores at birth, 1-1.5 years and 4 years and MSCA global cognitive scores and DSM-IV inattention symptoms. Specifically, z-score at birth was positively associated with general cognitive scores [β 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59, 1.85], and we observed a protective association with ADHD-DSM-IV total symptoms, mean ratio (MR) 0.85 (0.75, 0.96). Prenatal HC and head growth measurements gave little information about child cognitive abilities and behavior at preschool years. However, HC at birth and early childhood was positively associated with a range of neuropsychological outcomes, including protective associations with ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Ferrer
- ISGlobal, Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Esteban
- ISGlobal, Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat, Jaume I-Universitat de València, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Costa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat, Jaume I-Universitat de València, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain.,Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- ISGlobal, Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- ISGlobal, Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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9
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Vilor-Tejedor N, Alemany S, Cáceres A, Bustamante M, Mortamais M, Pujol J, Sunyer J, González JR. Sparse multiple factor analysis to integrate genetic data, neuroimaging features, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder domains. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2018; 27:e1738. [PMID: 30105890 PMCID: PMC6877273 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We proposed the application of a multivariate cross-sectional framework based on a combination of a variable selection method and a multiple factor analysis (MFA) in order to identify complex meaningful biological signals related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and hyperactivity/inattention domains. METHODS The study included 135 children from the general population with genomic and neuroimaging data. ADHD symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire based on ADHD-DSM-IV criteria. In all analyses, the raw sum scores of the hyperactivity and inattention domains and total ADHD were used. The analytical framework comprised two steps. First, zero-inflated negative binomial linear model via penalized maximum likelihood (LASSO-ZINB) was performed. Second, the most predictive features obtained with LASSO-ZINB were used as input for the MFA. RESULTS We observed significant relationships between ADHD symptoms and hyperactivity and inattention domains with white matter, gray matter regions, and cerebellum, as well as with loci within chromosome 1. CONCLUSIONS Multivariate methods can be used to advance the neurobiological characterization of complex diseases, improving the statistical power with respect to univariate methods, allowing the identification of meaningful biological signals in Imaging Genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Alemany
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cáceres
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marion Mortamais
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R González
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Alemany S, Vilor-Tejedor N, García-Esteban R, Bustamante M, Dadvand P, Esnaola M, Mortamais M, Forns J, van Drooge BL, Álvarez-Pedrerol M, Grimalt JO, Rivas I, Querol X, Pujol J, Sunyer J. Traffic-Related Air Pollution, APOEε4 Status, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among School Children Enrolled in the BREATHE Project (Catalonia, Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:087001. [PMID: 30073950 PMCID: PMC6108838 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollution is emerging as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and impaired brain development. Individual differences in vulnerability to air pollution may involve the ε4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, the primary genetic risk factor for AD. OBJECTIVE We analyzed whether the association between traffic air pollution and neurodevelopmental outcomes is modified by APOEε4 status in children. METHODS Data on parent-reported behavior problems (total difficulties scores, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), teacher-reported attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom scores, cognitive performance trajectories (computerized tests of inattentiveness and working memory repeated 2-4 times during January 2012-March 2013), and APOE genotypes were obtained for 1,667 children age 7-11 y attending 39 schools in or near Barcelona. Basal ganglia volume (putamen, caudate, and globus pallidum) was measured in 163 of the children by MRI (October 2012-April 2014.) Average annual outdoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), elemental carbon (EC), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations were estimated based on measurements at each school (two 1-wk campaigns conducted 6 months apart in 2012). RESULTS APOEε4 allele carriers had significantly higher behavior problem scores than noncarriers, and adverse associations with PAHs and NO2 were stronger or limited to ε4 carriers for behavior problem scores (P-interaction 0.03 and 0.04), caudate volume (P-interaction 0.04 and 0.03), and inattentiveness trajectories (P-interaction 0.15 and 0.08, respectively). Patterns of associations with the same outcomes were similar for EC. CONCLUSION PAHs, EC, and NO2 were associated with higher behavior problem scores, smaller reductions in inattentiveness over time, and smaller caudate volume in APOEε4 allele carriers in our study population, and corresponding associations were weak or absent among ε4 noncarriers. These findings support a potential role of APOE in biological mechanisms that may contribute to associations between air pollution and neurobehavioral outcomes in children. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alemany
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Esteban
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Mikel Esnaola
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Marion Mortamais
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Joan Forns
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Barend L van Drooge
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Álvarez-Pedrerol
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ioar Rivas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar and Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM G21), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Jian X, Fornage M. Imaging Endophenotypes of Stroke as a Target for Genetic Studies. Stroke 2018; 49:1557-1562. [PMID: 29760278 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.017073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiu Jian
- From the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Myriam Fornage
- From the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
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12
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Vilor-Tejedor N, Cáceres A, Pujol J, Sunyer J, González JR. Imaging genetics in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related neurodevelopmental domains: state of the art. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:1922-1931. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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