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Corral-Jara KF, Rosas da Silva G, Fierro NA, Soumelis V. Modeling the Th17 and Tregs Paradigm: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675099. [PMID: 34026764 PMCID: PMC8137995 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 + T cell differentiation is governed by gene regulatory and metabolic networks, with both networks being highly interconnected and able to adapt to external stimuli. Th17 and Tregs differentiation networks play a critical role in cancer, and their balance is affected by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Factors from the TME mediate recruitment and expansion of Th17 cells, but these cells can act with pro or anti-tumor immunity. Tregs cells are also involved in tumor development and progression by inhibiting antitumor immunity and promoting immunoevasion. Due to the complexity of the underlying molecular pathways, the modeling of biological systems has emerged as a promising solution for better understanding both CD4 + T cell differentiation and cancer cell behavior. In this review, we present a context-dependent vision of CD4 + T cell transcriptomic and metabolic network adaptability. We then discuss CD4 + T cell knowledge-based models to extract the regulatory elements of Th17 and Tregs differentiation in multiple CD4 + T cell levels. We highlight the importance of complementing these models with data from omics technologies such as transcriptomics and metabolomics, in order to better delineate existing Th17 and Tregs bifurcation mechanisms. We were able to recompilate promising regulatory components and mechanisms of Th17 and Tregs differentiation under normal conditions, which we then connected with biological evidence in the context of the TME to better understand CD4 + T cell behavior in cancer. From the integration of mechanistic models with omics data, the transcriptomic and metabolomic reprograming of Th17 and Tregs cells can be predicted in new models with potential clinical applications, with special relevance to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla F. Corral-Jara
- Computational Systems Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Nora A. Fierro
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vassili Soumelis
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, France and AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Immunology-Histocompatibility Department, Paris, France
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2
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Montané MH, Menand B. TOR inhibitors: from mammalian outcomes to pharmacogenetics in plants and algae. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2297-2312. [PMID: 30773593 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a conserved eukaryotic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase that regulates growth and metabolism in response to environment in plants and algae. The study of the plant and algal TOR pathway has largely depended on TOR inhibitors first developed for non-photosynthetic eukaryotes. In animals and yeast, fundamental work on the TOR pathway has benefited from the allosteric TOR inhibitor rapamycin and more recently from ATP-competitive TOR inhibitors (asTORis) that circumvent the limitations of rapamycin. The asTORis, developed for medical application, inhibit TOR complex 1 (TORC1) more efficiently than rapamycin and also inhibit rapamycin-resistant TORCs. This review presents knowledge on TOR inhibitors from the mammalian field and underlines important considerations for plant and algal biologists. It discusses the use of rapamycin and asTORis in plants and algae and concludes with guidelines for physiological studies and genetic screens with TOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Montané
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de génétique et biophysique des plantes, Marseille, F-13009, France
| | - Benoît Menand
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de génétique et biophysique des plantes, Marseille, F-13009, France
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3
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Smirnova TD, Shtykov SN, Zhelobitskaya EA. Energy transfer in liquid and solid nanoobjects: application in luminescent analysis. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-9981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Radiationless resonance electronic excitation energy transfer (ET) is a fundamental physical phenomenon in luminescence spectroscopy playing an important role in natural processes, especially in photosynthesis and biochemistry. Besides, it is widely used in photooptics, optoelectronics, and protein chemistry, coordination chemistry of transition metals and lanthanides as well as in luminescent analysis. ET involves the transfer of electronic energy from a donor (D) (molecules or particles) which is initially excited, to an acceptor (A) at the ground state to emit it later. Fluorescence or phosphorescence of the acceptor that occurs during ET is known as sensitized. There do many kinds of ET exist but in all cases along with other factors the rate and efficiency of ET in common solvents depends to a large extent on the distance between the donor and the acceptor. This dependency greatly limits the efficiency of ET and, correspondingly, does not allow the determination of analytes in highly diluted (10–9–10–15 M) solutions. To solve the problem of distance-effect, the effects of concentrating and bring close together the donor and acceptor in surfactant micelles (liquid nanosystems) or sorption on solid nanoparticles are used. Various approaches to promote the efficiency of ET for improvement determination selectivity and sensitivity using liquid and solid nanoobjects is reviewed and analyzed.
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Díaz Galicia ME, Aldehaiman A, Hong S, Arold ST, Grünberg R. Methods for the recombinant expression of active tyrosine kinase domains: Guidelines and pitfalls. Methods Enzymol 2019; 621:131-152. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Burmi RS, Maginn EN, Gabra H, Stronach EA, Wasan HS. Combined inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR/MEK pathway induces Bim/Mcl-1-regulated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:21-30. [PMID: 30261145 PMCID: PMC6343713 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1504718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression and chemotherapy insensitivity have been associated with aberrant PI3K/mTOR/MEK signalling. However, cell death responses activated by inhibitors of these pathways can differ – contextually varying with tumour genetic background. Here, we demonstrate that combining the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF5212384 (PF384) and MEK inhibitor PD325901 (PD901) more effectively induces apoptosis compared with either agent alone, independent of KRAS mutational status in PDAC cell lines. Additionally, a non-caspase dependent decrease in cell viability upon PF384 treatment was observed, and may be attributed to autophagy and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Using reverse phase protein arrays, we identify key molecular events associated with the conversion of cytostatic responses (elicited by single inhibitor treatments) into a complete cell death response when PF384 and PD901 are combined. This response was also independent of KRAS mutation, occurring in both BxPC3 (KRAS wildtype) and MIA-PaCa-2 (KRASG12C mutated) cells. In both cell lines, Bim expression increased in response to PF384/PD901 treatment (by 60% and 48%, respectively), while siRNA-mediated silencing of Bim attenuated the apoptosis induced by combination treatment. In parallel, Mcl-1 levels decreased by 36% in BxPC3, and 30% in MIA-PaCa-2 cells. This is consistent with a functional role for Mcl-1, and siRNA-mediated silencing enhanced apoptosis in PF384/PD901-treated MIA-PaCa-2 cells, whilst Mcl-1 overexpression decreased apoptosis induction by 24%. Moreover, a novel role was identified for PDCD4 loss in driving the apoptotic response to PF384/PD901 in BxPC3 and MIA-PaCa-2 cell lines. Overall, our data indicates PF384/PD901 co-treatment activates the same apoptotic mechanism in wild-type or KRAS mutant PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajpal S Burmi
- a Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Elaina N Maginn
- a Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Hani Gabra
- a Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom.,b Clinical Discovery Unit , Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Euan A Stronach
- a Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Harpreet S Wasan
- a Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
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6
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The PI3K/Akt/PTEN/mTOR pathway: a fruitful target for inducing cell death in rheumatoid arthritis? Future Med Chem 2016; 7:1137-47. [PMID: 26132523 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling regulates diverse cellular processes. Abnormal PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is a characteristic feature of cancer. As such inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling using small molecule inhibitors has been a focus of recently developed anticancer drugs. Rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis are autoimmune-mediated inflammatory diseases. PI3K signaling could now be targeted to determine its contribution to rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis where deregulated proliferation and aberrant survival of activated immune cells, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and synovial fibroblasts significantly overlap with abnormal growth of cancer cells. The results of some recent studies in psoriatic arthritis using PI3K signaling inhibitors suggests that small molecule inhibitor strategies directed at PI3K signaling may be a useful future therapy for immune-mediated arthritis.
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Massey M, Ancona MG, Medintz IL, Algar WR. Time-Resolved Nucleic Acid Hybridization Beacons Utilizing Unimolecular and Toehold-Mediated Strand Displacement Designs. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11923-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Massey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | | | | | - W. Russ Algar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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8
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Goryashchenko AS, Khrenova MG, Bochkova AA, Ivashina TV, Vinokurov LM, Savitsky AP. Genetically Encoded FRET-Sensor Based on Terbium Chelate and Red Fluorescent Protein for Detection of Caspase-3 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:16642-54. [PMID: 26204836 PMCID: PMC4519970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160716642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the genetically encoded caspase-3 FRET-sensor based on the terbium-binding peptide, cleavable linker with caspase-3 recognition site, and red fluorescent protein TagRFP. The engineered construction performs two induction-resonance energy transfer processes: from tryptophan of the terbium-binding peptide to Tb(3+) and from sensitized Tb(3+) to acceptor--the chromophore of TagRFP. Long-lived terbium-sensitized emission (microseconds), pulse excitation source, and time-resolved detection were utilized to eliminate directly excited TagRFP fluorescence and background cellular autofluorescence, which lasts a fraction of nanosecond, and thus to improve sensitivity of analyses. Furthermore the technique facilitates selective detection of fluorescence, induced by uncleaved acceptor emission. For the first time it was shown that fluorescence resonance energy transfer between sensitized terbium and TagRFP in the engineered construction can be studied via detection of microsecond TagRFP fluorescence intensities. The lifetime and distance distribution between donor and acceptor were calculated using molecular dynamics simulation. Using this data, quantum yield of terbium ions with binding peptide was estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria G Khrenova
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anna A Bochkova
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Ivashina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Leonid M Vinokurov
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Alexander P Savitsky
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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9
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Caesar M, Zach S, Carlson CB, Brockmann K, Gasser T, Gillardon F. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 functionally interacts with microtubules and kinase-dependently modulates cell migration. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 54:280-8. [PMID: 23318930 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the Parkinson's disease-linked leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) modulates cytoskeletal functions by regulating actin and tubulin dynamics, thereby affecting neurite outgrowth. By interactome analysis we demonstrate that the binding of LRRK2 to tubulins is significantly enhanced by pharmacological LRRK2 inhibition in cells. Co-incubation of LRRK2 with microtubules increased the LRRK2 GTPase activity in a cell-free assay. Destabilization of microtubules causes a rapid decrease in cellular LRRK2(S935) phosphorylation indicating a decreased LRRK2 kinase activity. Moreover, both human LRRK2(G2019S) fibroblasts and mouse LRRK2(R1441G) fibroblasts exhibit alterations in cell migration in culture. Treatment of mouse fibroblasts with the selective LRRK2 inhibitor LRRK2-IN1 reduces cell motility. These findings suggest that LRRK2 and microtubules mutually interact both in non-neuronal cells and in neurons, which might contribute to our understanding of its pathogenic effects in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Caesar
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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10
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Zherdeva VV, Savitsky AP. Using lanthanide-based resonance energy transfer for in vitro and in vivo studies of biological processes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:1553-74. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912130111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Alford SC, Wu J, Zhao Y, Campbell RE, Knöpfel T. Optogenetic reporters. Biol Cell 2012; 105:14-29. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Saville L, Spais C, Mason JL, Albom MS, Murthy S, Meyer SL, Ator MA, Angeles TS, Husten J. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer as a Versatile Tool in the Development of Homogeneous Cellular Kinase Assays. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2012; 10:551-7. [PMID: 22428805 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2011.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Saville
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Chrysanthe Spais
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer L. Mason
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark S. Albom
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Seetha Murthy
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheryl L. Meyer
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark A. Ator
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Thelma S. Angeles
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Jean Husten
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania
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Weitz EA, Chang JY, Rosenfield AH, Pierre VC. A selective luminescent probe for the direct time-gated detection of adenosine triphosphate. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16099-102. [PMID: 22994413 DOI: 10.1021/ja304373u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A molecular probe for the luminescent detection of adenosine nucleotides is presented. The probe, Tb-DOTAm-Phen, readily distinguishes among the three adenosine nucleotides in buffered aqueous conditions at neutral pH, a requirement for the direct monitoring of enzymatic reactions converting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate or adenosine monophosphate. The probe is most efficient under millimolar concentrations of ATP which are relevant to intracellular conditions. Moreover, the long luminescence lifetime of the probe readily enables time-gating experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Weitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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14
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Hancock MK, Hermanson SB, Dolman NJ. A quantitative TR-FRET plate reader immunoassay for measuring autophagy. Autophagy 2012; 8:1227-44. [PMID: 22622129 DOI: 10.4161/auto.20441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy involves the isolation and targeting of unwanted cellular components to lysosomes for their digestion and reuse. Autophagic dysregulation has recently been implicated in a wide range of disease processes, yet facile methods for quantifying autophagy have been lacking in the field. Here we describe the generation of a quantitative plate reader assay for measuring the autophagic activity of cells. One of the best characterized autophagy markers is the protein LC3B, which normally resides in the cytosol (LC3B-I) but upon induction of autophagy becomes lipidated and embedded in autophagosomal membranes (LC3B-II). To quantify autophagy, we reasoned that GFP-tagged LC3B could serve as a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) acceptor upon cell lysis in the presence of terbium-labeled LC3B antibodies. Using this TR-FRET immunoassay approach, we screened a panel of LC3B antibodies and identified an antibody that exhibits strong preferential affinity toward autophagosome-associated LC3B-II and thereby facilitates specific detection of autophagic activity. The plate reader format provides both a quantitative and an objective result, thus overcoming some of the key limitations of the traditional immunoblotting and imaging approaches used to monitor autophagy. Moreover, since the assay step requires only a single addition of cell lysis buffer containing the detection antibody its simple workflow is both automation-friendly and scalable, which renders it suitable for high-throughput screening. We demonstrate how this TR-FRET immunoassay for GFP-tagged LC3B-II can be applied to quantitatively detect changes in the autophagy activity of cells, including estimating effects on autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Hancock
- Discovery & ADMET-TOX Systems--Life Technologies Corporation, Madison, WI, USA.
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15
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Zhang T, Inesta-Vaquera F, Niepel M, Zhang J, Ficarro SB, Machleidt T, Xie T, Marto JA, Kim N, Sim T, Laughlin JD, Park H, LoGrasso PV, Patricelli M, Nomanbhoy TK, Sorger PK, Alessi DR, Gray NS. Discovery of potent and selective covalent inhibitors of JNK. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2012; 19:140-54. [PMID: 22284361 PMCID: PMC3270411 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated kinases JNK1/2/3 are key enzymes in signaling modules that transduce and integrate extracellular stimuli into coordinated cellular response. Here, we report the discovery of irreversible inhibitors of JNK1/2/3. We describe two JNK3 cocrystal structures at 2.60 and 2.97 Å resolution that show the compounds form covalent bonds with a conserved cysteine residue. JNK-IN-8 is a selective JNK inhibitor that inhibits phosphorylation of c-Jun, a direct substrate of JNK, in cells exposed to submicromolar drug in a manner that depends on covalent modification of the conserved cysteine residue. Extensive biochemical, cellular, and pathway-based profiling establish the selectivity of JNK-IN-8 for JNK and suggests that the compound will be broadly useful as a pharmacological probe of JNK-dependent signal transduction. Potential lead compounds have also been identified for kinases, including IRAK1, PIK3C3, PIP4K2C, and PIP5K3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Ave, SGM 628, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco Inesta-Vaquera
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Mario Niepel
- Center for Cell Decision Processes, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Ave, SGM 628, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott B. Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Smith 1158A, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Machleidt
- Primary and Stem Cell Systems Life Technologies, 501 Charmany Drive Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Ting Xie
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Ave, SGM 628, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jarrod A. Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Smith 1158A, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - NamDoo Kim
- Future Convergence Research Division, Korea institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawologok-Dong, Wolsong-Gil5, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
| | - Taebo Sim
- Future Convergence Research Division, Korea institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawologok-Dong, Wolsong-Gil5, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
| | - John D Laughlin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics and Translational Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way #2A2, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Hajeung Park
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics and Translational Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way #2A2, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Philip V. LoGrasso
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics and Translational Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way #2A2, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Matt Patricelli
- ActivX Biosciences, 11025 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Peter K. Sorger
- Center for Cell Decision Processes, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Dario R. Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Ave, SGM 628, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Barile E, De SK, Carlson CB, Chen V, Knutzen C, Riel-Mehan M, Yang L, Dahl R, Chiang G, Pellecchia M. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of 3-ethynyl-1H-indazoles as inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8368-75. [PMID: 21062009 DOI: 10.1021/jm100825h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 3-ethynyl-1H-indazoles has been synthesized and evaluated in both biochemical and cell-based assays as potential kinase inhibitors. Interestingly, a selected group of compounds identified from this series exhibited low micromolar inhibition against critical components of the PI3K pathway, targeting PI3K, PDK1, and mTOR kinases. A combination of computational modeling and structure-activity relationship studies reveals a possible novel mode for PI3K inhibition, resulting in a PI3Kα isoform-specific compound. Hence, by targeting the most oncogenic mutant isoform of PI3K, the compound displays antiproliferative activity both in monolayer human cancer cell cultures and in three-dimensional tumor models. Because of its favorable physicochemical, in vitro ADME and drug-like properties, we propose that this novel ATP mimetic scaffold could prove useful in deriving novel selecting and multikinase inhibitors for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barile
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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17
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Robers MB, Loh C, Carlson CB, Yang H, Frey EA, Hermanson SB, Bi K. Measurement of the cellular deacetylase activity of SIRT1 on p53 via LanthaScreen® technology. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 7:59-66. [PMID: 20931131 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Upon genomic insult, the tumor suppressor p53 is phosphorylated and acetylated at specific serine and lysine residues, increasing its stability and transactivation function. Deacetylases, including the type III histone deacetylase SIRT1, remove acetyl groups from p53 and counterbalance acetyltransferase activity during a DNA damage response. This report describes a series of high-throughput LanthaScreen® time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) immunoassays for detection of intracellular p53 phosphorylation of Ser15 and acetylation of Lys382 upon treatment with DNA damage agents, such as etoposide. These assays were used to measure the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 and/or Type I/II Histone deacetylases (HDACs). First, BacMam-mediated overexpression of SIRT1 resulted in dose-dependent deacetylation of GFP-p53 following etoposide treatment of U-2 OS cells, confirming that GFP-p53 serves as a SIRT1 substrate in this assay format. Further, overexpression of the acetyltransferase p300 via BacMam increased the acetylation of GFP-p53 at Lys382. Next, siRNA-mediated knockdown of SIRT1 resulted in increased GFP-p53 acetylation, indicating that endogenous SIRT1 activity can also be measured in U-2 OS cells. Consistent with these results, GFP-p53 acetylation was also increased upon treatment of cells with a small-molecule inhibitor of SIRT1, EX-527. The effect of this compound was dramatically increased when used in combination with chemotherapeutic drug and/or the HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A, confirming a proposed synergistic mechanism of p53 deacetylation by SIRT1 and Type I/II HDACs. Taken together, the cellular assays described here can be used as high-throughput alternatives to traditional immunoassays such as western blotting for identifying pharmacological modulators of specific p53-modifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Robers
- Discovery Assays and Services, Life Technologies Corporation, Madison, WI 53719, USA
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Dudek JM, Horton RA. TR-FRET Biochemical Assays for Detecting Posttranslational Modifications of p53. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:569-75. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057110365898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a pivotal role in suppressing oncogenesis by regulating a range of cellular functions, including DNA repair, cell growth, cell cycle progression, and cellular death. A network of different pathways converge upon p53, ultimately regulating the response of the tumor suppressor protein by posttranslational modifications. The authors have developed a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET)–based high-throughput compatible assay to analyze the critical posttranslational modifications of p53, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. By using full-length p53 protein fused with GFP (GFP-p53) as the substrate, they were able to measure all 3 different posttranslational modifications with a single substrate. In addition, with a few additional steps, the GFP-p53 substrate can also be used to assay deacetylation to aid in the discovery of inhibitors for sirtuins or other deacetylase enzymes. The flexibility of the assay to measure a diverse range of posttranslational modifications allows one to further dissect the complex regulating mechanisms of p53 and enable the discovery of specific inhibitors for these processes.
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Carlson CB, Mashock MJ, Bi K. BacMam-enabled LanthaScreen cellular assays for PI3K/Akt pathway compound profiling in disease-relevant cell backgrounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:327-34. [PMID: 20145103 DOI: 10.1177/1087057109357788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The authors recently reported the development and application of multiple LanthaScreen cellular assays to interrogate specific steps within the PI3K/Akt pathway. The importance of this signaling cascade in regulating fundamental aspects of cell growth and survival, as well as in the progression of cancer, underscores the need for portable cell-based assays for compound profiling in multiple disease-relevant cell backgrounds. To meet this need, the authors have now expanded their LanthaScreen assay platform across a variety of cell types using a gene delivery technology known as BacMam. Here, they have demonstrated the successful detection of Akt-dependent phosphorylation of PRAS40 at Thr246 in 10 different cell lines harboring mutations known to activate the PI3K/Akt pathway. In addition, they generated inhibitory profiles of 17 known pathway inhibitors in these same cells to validate the approach of using the BacMam-enabled LanthaScreen cellular assay format to rapidly profile compounds in disease-relevant cell types. Importantly, their results provide a broad illustration of how the genetic alterations that affect PI3K/Akt signaling can also influence the inhibitory profile of a given compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coby B Carlson
- Invitrogen Discovery Assays and Services, Cell Systems Division, Invitrogen (Part of Life Technologies), Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA.
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Blees JS, Schmid T, Thomas CL, Baker AR, Benson L, Evans JR, Goncharova EI, Colburn NH, McMahon JB, Henrich CJ. Development of a high-throughput cell-based reporter assay to identify stabilizers of tumor suppressor Pdcd4. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2010; 15:21-9. [PMID: 19901084 PMCID: PMC2853809 DOI: 10.1177/1087057109351028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The novel tumor suppressor Pdcd4 affects tumorigenesis by inhibiting translation. Pdcd4 is phosphorylated and subsequently lost by proteasomal degradation in response to tumor-promoting conditions. Here, the authors describe the development of a reporter cell system to monitor the stability of Pdcd4. The phosphorylation-dependent degradation domain ("target") or an adjacent ("off-target") region of Pdcd4 was cloned into a luciferase expression system. The target constructs were responsive to Pdcd4 degrading conditions (e.g., TPA, p70(S6K1) overactivation), whereas the off-target constructs remained stable. The system was optimized for and shown to be reliable in a high-throughput compatible 384-well format. Screening of 15,275 pure compounds resulted in a hit rate of 0.30% (>50% inhibition of TPA-induced loss of signal, confirmed by reassay). Among the hits were inhibitors of previously identified critical signaling events for TPA-induced Pdcd4 degradation. One compound was identified to be nonspecific using the off-target control cell line. Screening of 135,678 natural product extracts yielded 42 confirmed, specific hits. Z' averaged 0.58 across 446 plates. Further characterization of active natural products and synthetic compounds is expected to identify novel Pdcd4 stabilizers that may be useful in targeting translation to prevent or treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna S. Blees
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - Cheryl L. Thomas
- Molecular Targets Development Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - Alyson R. Baker
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - Lauren Benson
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - Jason R. Evans
- Data Management Services, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - Ekaterina I. Goncharova
- Data Management Services, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD
- Molecular Targets Development Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | | | - James B. McMahon
- Molecular Targets Development Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - Curtis J. Henrich
- Molecular Targets Development Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD
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Huwiler KG, Machleidt T, Chase L, Hanson B, Robers MB. Characterization of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine-1A receptor activation using a phospho-extracellular-signal regulated kinase 2 sensor. Anal Biochem 2009; 393:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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