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Schmidt R, Wandrer H, Boutelle KN, Kiess W, Hilbert A. Associations between eating in the absence of hunger and executive functions in adolescents with binge-eating disorder: An experimental study. Appetite 2023; 186:106573. [PMID: 37062306 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) is one of the key behavioral features of binge-eating disorder (BED) in youth. Although preliminary evidence revealed that adolescent BED co-occurs with deficits in executive functions (EFs), it is unclear whether EFs are related to EAH. Thus, this study experimentally examined whether deficits in EFs predict EAH in adolescents with and without BED. Adolescents (12-20 years) with BED (n = 28) and age-, sex-, and weight-matched controls (n = 28) underwent an EAH paradigm in the laboratory, where they were offered snacks ad libitum after having established satiety during a lunch meal. Cognitive interference, cognitive flexibility, decision making, and EFs in daily life were assessed by neuropsychological tests and self-report. The BED group showed a significantly higher food intake in gram during the EAH trial than controls with medium effect, but no significant group differences in EFs emerged. Dysfunctional decision making in terms of risky decision making, but no other EFs, predicted increased EAH (g, kcal) in the total sample. Although increases in risky decision making over adolescence are well known, this study uniquely revealed that general decision-making abilities driven by short-term reward may account for disinhibited eating behavior. Interventions targeting decision making with focus on reward sensitivity should be evaluated for their efficacy in preventing and reducing disinhibited eating behavior in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Schmidt
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Stephanstrasse 9a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Henrike Wandrer
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Stephanstrasse 9a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | - Wieland Kiess
- University of Leipzig, LIFE Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig Medical Center, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Stephanstrasse 9a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Szcześniewska P, Hanć T, Bryl E, Dutkiewicz A, Borkowska AR, Paszyńska E, Słopień A, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M. Do Hot Executive Functions Relate to BMI and Body Composition in School Age Children? Brain Sci 2021; 11:780. [PMID: 34204610 PMCID: PMC8231209 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits of 'hot' executive functions (EFs) involving emotional and motivational processes are considered as a risk factor for excessive weight, but few studies have tested the relationship between hot EFs and body composition in children. The aim of the study was to assess the association of the ability to delay gratification and affective decision-making with the body mass index (BMI) and body composition in children with typical neurocognitive development. The sample consisted of 553 Polish children aged between 6-12 y. The delay of gratification task (DGT) was applied to assess the ability to delay gratification. The Hungry Donkey test (HDT) was applied to assess affective decision-making. The indicators of decision-making in the HDT were net score and learning rate. The relationships between hot EFs and BMI, fat mass index (FMI), lean body mass index (LBMI) were tested. The association of the z scores of BMI and FMI, overweight/obesity, and the ability to delay gratification was found insignificant after controlling cofounding factors. Most of the results on affective decision-making and z scores for BMI, FMI and LBMI were insignificant as well. The relationship between the ability to delay gratification, affective decision-making, and adiposity is not pronounced in typically developed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Szcześniewska
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Aneta R. Borkowska
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Paszyńska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
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Lipsanen J, Elovainio M, Hakulinen C, Tremblay MS, Rovio S, Lagström H, Jaakkola JM, Jula A, Rönnemaa T, Viikari J, Niinikoski H, Simell O, Raitakari OT, Pahkala K, Pulkki-Råback L. Temperament profiles are associated with dietary behavior from childhood to adulthood. Appetite 2020; 151:104681. [PMID: 32251766 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Temperament may be associated with eating behaviors over the lifespan. This study examined the association of toddlerhood temperament with dietary behavior and dietary intervention outcomes across 18 years. METHODS The study comprised 660 children (52% boys) from The Special Turku Intervention Project (STRIP), which is a longitudinal randomized controlled trial from the age of 7 months until the age of 20 years (1990-2010). Temperament was assessed using Carey temperament scales when the participants were 2 years of age. Latent profile analysis yielded three temperament groups, which were called negative/low regulation (19% of the children), neutral/average regulation (52%) and positive/high regulation (28%). Dietary behavior was examined from 2 to 20 years of age using food records, which were converted into a diet score (mean = 15.7, SD 4.6). Mixed random-intercept growth curve analysis was the main analytic method. RESULTS Dietary behavior showed a significant quadratic U-shaped curve over time (B for quadratic association = 0.39, P<.001; B for linear association = 0.09, P = 0.58). Children in the negative/low regulation temperament group had a lower diet score (less healthy diet) across the 18 years compared to children in the neutral/average or in the positive/high regulation group. Temperament was not associated with the rate of change in diet over time. Temperament did not have any interactive effects with the intervention (F [2, 627], P = 0.72). CONCLUSION Children with a temperament profile characterized by high negative mood, high irregularity and high intensity in emotion expression constitute a risk group for less healthy eating over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Lipsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna M Jaakkola
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Department of Pediatrics and AdolescentMedicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Simell
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.
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Sanchez-Vaznaugh EV, Weverka A, Matsuzaki M, Sánchez BN. Changes in Fast Food Outlet Availability Near Schools: Unequal Patterns by Income, Race/Ethnicity, and Urbanicity. Am J Prev Med 2019; 57:338-345. [PMID: 31377084 PMCID: PMC6816308 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has observed income or racial/ethnic inequalities in fast food restaurant availability near schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in fast food restaurant availability near schools between 2000 and 2010 by school neighborhood income, race/ethnicity, and urbanicity. METHODS Using data from 7,466 California public schools, negative binomial regression models estimated the relative ratios to evaluate the income gradient in fast food restaurant availability, examine differences in the income gradient in fast food restaurant availability between 2000 and 2010, and investigate if fast food restaurant availability changed in 2010 versus 2000, stratified by race/ethnicity and urbanicity. The analyses were conducted in 2018 and early 2019. RESULTS In urban areas, there was a negative school neighborhood income gradient in fast food restaurant availability in both 2000 and 2010, and across all race/ethnic groups, except majority African American schools. The income gradient in fast food restaurant availability was steeper in 2010 relative to 2000 among Latino majority urban schools. Fast food restaurant availability increased in 2010 relative to 2000 among majority African American, majority Latino, and majority Asian schools in the least affluent neighborhoods. Among majority white schools in similar neighborhoods the availability of fast food restaurants did not change but declined in the most affluent school neighborhoods. In nonurban areas, the income patterns in fast food restaurant availability were less clear, and fast food restaurant availability increased among majority white and Latino schools within the middle neighborhood income tertile. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the need for future interventions to target schools in low-income urban neighborhoods. Additionally, reducing child health disparities and improving health for all children requires monitoring changes in the food environment near schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Sanchez-Vaznaugh
- Department of Health Education, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California; Center for Health Equity, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Aiko Weverka
- Department of Health Education, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - Mika Matsuzaki
- Department of Health Education, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Executive function and dietary intake in youth: A systematic review of the literature. Appetite 2019; 139:197-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Executive Functions and Dietary Behaviors in School-Aged Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/intjsh.61194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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