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Rosenberg M, Lester L, Maitland C, Teal R. The value of sponsor fit and sincerity when promoting health messages at sport and art events. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2019; 34:592-602. [PMID: 31747005 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Commercial companies invest in sport and arts sponsorship to align their brand with highly engaged spectators. Competing for spectator attention are government and non-government organizations promoting healthy lifestyles. This study investigated spectator engagement on the effectiveness of health messages promoted at sponsored events. Surveys from 2165 adults attending 28 sponsored events collected data on event engagement, health message awareness, behavioral intention, and perceptions of sponsor fit and sincerity. Spectators who were more highly engaged in the event showed significantly greater levels of awareness and acceptance of the health message (all P < 0.01). Path analysis showed that product and event interest were significantly related to both fit and sincerity, and perceived sponsorship fit was significantly associated with greater behavioral intention (all P < 0.01). Product, category and event interest, fit and sincerity were significantly greater for positive advocacy messages than neutral or negative advocacy messages (all P < 0.05). Health message sponsorship is assisted by spectator engagement and perceived fit of sponsored health messages. There exists greater potential to actively leverage spectator engagement to build or reinforce the perceived fit and sincerity of health messages to strengthen existing awareness and behavioral intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosenberg
- Health Promotion Evaluation Unit, Sport and Exercise Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - L Lester
- Health Promotion Evaluation Unit, Sport and Exercise Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - C Maitland
- Health Promotion Evaluation Unit, Sport and Exercise Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - R Teal
- Health Promotion Evaluation Unit, Sport and Exercise Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
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Nuss T, Scully M, Wakefield M, Dixon H. Unhealthy sport sponsorship at the 2017 AFL Grand Final: a case study of its frequency, duration and nature. Aust N Z J Public Health 2019; 43:366-372. [DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Nuss
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria
| | - Maree Scully
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria
| | | | - Helen Dixon
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria
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Del Rios M, Aldeen A, Campbell T, Demertsidis E, Heinert S, Sinchi J, Hoek TV. Save-a-life at the ballpark: 10-min spectator training achieves proficiency in cardiac arrest response. Resuscitation 2015; 87:21-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rosenberg M, Ferguson R. Maintaining relevance: an evaluation of health message sponsorship at Australian community sport and arts events. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1242. [PMID: 25471254 PMCID: PMC4289268 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health message sponsorship at community sport and arts events is an established component of a health promotion settings approach. Recent increases in commercial sponsorship of sport and community events has swelled competition for consumer attention and potentially reduced the impact of health message sponsorship. The purpose of this study was to evaluate awareness, understandings and behavioural intentions of health messages promoted at sponsored community sport and arts events. Methods Interview and self-administered surveys were completed by 2259 adults attending one of 29 sport and arts events held in Western Australia between 2008 and 2013. The surveys measured participant awareness of the health message promoted at the event, as well as comprehension, acceptance and behavioural intention as a result of exposure to health messages. Results Awareness of the sponsored health message was 58% across all sponsored events, with high levels of comprehension (74%) and acceptance (92%) among those aware of the health message. Forming behavioural intentions was significantly related to the type of sponsored message promoted at the event, being female and over 40 years of age. Messages about sun protection and promoting mental health were the most likely to result in behavioural intention. Conclusions Health message sponsorship, at least within a comprehensive sponsorship program, appears to remain an effective health promotion strategy for generating awareness and behavioural intention among people attending sport and arts events. Remaining relevant within a modern sponsorship environment appears closely aligned to selecting health messages that promote behavioural action relevant to the sponsored event that are also supported by broader health promotion campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosenberg
- Health Promotion Evaluation Unit, School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western Australia, (M408) 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Perth, Western Australia.
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Davies C, Knuiman M, Pikora T, Rosenberg M. Health in arts: are arts settings better than sports settings for promoting anti-smoking messages? Perspect Public Health 2013; 135:145-51. [PMID: 24132328 DOI: 10.1177/1757913913502475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of preventable mortality and morbidity. Since 1991, the Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation (Healthway) has sponsored the arts and sport in exchange for cigarette smoke-free events, smoke-free policies and the promotion of anti-smoking messages (e.g. Quit, Smoke Free or Smarter than Smoking). As health promoters often look for innovative and effective settings to advocate health, and as the approach of sponsoring the arts to promote health to the general population is uncommon, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 'health in arts' by measuring the cognitive impact (message awareness, comprehension, acceptance and intention) of promoting anti-smoking messages at arts events, and comparing findings to sports events, a more traditional health promotion setting. METHOD A secondary analysis of the 2004-2009 Healthway Sponsorship Monitor data was conducted. A total of 12 arts events (n = 592 respondents) and 9 sports events (n = 420 respondents) sponsored by Healthway to promote an anti-smoking message were evaluated. The study was cross-sectional in design. Participants were residents of Western Australia aged 15 years or above and attended events as part of an audience or as a spectator. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS After adjustment for demographic variables, smoking status and clustering, arts events were found to be as effective in promoting anti-smoking message awareness, comprehension and acceptance and twice as effective on intention to act (p = .03) compared with sports events. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of arts sponsorship to promote health to the general population, that is, health in arts. Promoting an anti-smoking message in arts settings was as, or more, effective than in sports settings. Results suggest that the arts should be utilised to communicate and reinforce anti-smoking messages to the general population. The suitability of the arts to promote other types of health messages should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Davies
- Research Assistant Professor and PhD Candidate, School of Population Health and School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health (M431), The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Knuiman
- Winthrop Professor, School of Population Health (M431), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Terri Pikora
- Adjunct Senior Research Fellow, School of Population Health (M431), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- Associate Professor and Director, Health Promotion Evaluation Unit, School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health (M408), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Mills C, Knuiman M, Rosenberg M, Wood L, Ferguson R. Are the arts an effective setting for promoting health messages? Perspect Public Health 2012; 133:116-21. [PMID: 22891050 DOI: 10.1177/1757913911419895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Individuals can contribute to their own well-being through the adoption of positive health behaviours and the avoidance of negative health behaviours. The promotion of health messages is a cognitive strategy used to influence the adoption of health-enhancing behaviours. Since 1991, arts organizations have been sponsored by the Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation (Healthway) to promote anti-smoking, safe alcohol consumption, physical activity, sun protection and nutrition messages to the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of arts sponsorship to promote health messages and therefore gauge the effectiveness of the arts as a communication channel to promote health to the general population. METHODS A secondary analysis of the Healthway Survey of Community Recreation and Health data was conducted. The data were collected via a telephone survey of Western Australian adults aged 16-69 years. Overall, 1997 respondents participated in this study, a response rate of 59%. The analysis included a descriptive investigation, followed by logistic regression analyses of message awareness by those engaged and not engaged in the arts for sponsored anti-smoking, safe alcohol consumption, physical activity, sun protection and nutrition messages. RESULTS Overall, 68% of those surveyed were classified as engaged in the arts, either as a participant, attendee or member of an arts organization. In general, those engaged in the arts were significantly more likely to recall health messages relating to physical activity (adjusted OR = 1.9), sun protection (OR = 1.8) nutrition (OR = 1.5), safe alcohol consumption (OR = 1.5) and anti-smoking (adjusted OR = 1.3) than those not engaged in the arts. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest the arts have merit beyond intrinsic artistic value and are a viable means of promoting health messages to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mills
- School of Population Health and School of Sport Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia.
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Kelly B, Baur LA, Bauman AE, King L, Chapman K, Smith BJ. Food and drink sponsorship of children's sport in Australia: who pays? Health Promot Int 2010; 26:188-95. [PMID: 20947585 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daq061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The creation of health promoting sports clubs may support the promotion and adoption of healthy behaviours by children. Sponsorship is one aspect of clubs, with potential influence on clubs and their participants. In particular, sponsorship influences brand awareness and attitudes, so that the sponsorship of children's sport by unhealthy food companies may contribute to food preferences and poor eating habits. This study aimed to determine the nature and extent of food and beverage sponsorship of children's sport. Sports clubs (n = 108) for the nine most popular sports for children aged 5-14 were randomly sampled from three large geographical areas in Australia. A purpose-designed telephone questionnaire was developed to determine the extent of sponsorship. Experts from different fields were approached (n = 10) to generate a consensus on the elements of sponsors that are more/less health promoting. The survey response rate was 99%. Of the 347 sponsors identified, 17% were food or beverage companies. Fifty percent of food company sponsorship arrangements did not meet criteria for healthy sponsors. For most clubs, less than a quarter of their income came from sponsorship. A considerable proportion of clubs with food company sponsors had the company's signage on players' uniforms (53%), distributed rewards using the company's name (24%) or gave vouchers to players for the company's products (29%). Any restriction of unhealthy food and beverage company sponsorship of children's sport may not result in major funding difficulties for clubs, as this funding represents a relatively small proportion of their income base, even though it provides major promotional opportunities to sponsors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Kelly
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Level 2, K25 Medical Foundation Building, NSW 2006 Sydney, Australia.
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Casey MM, Payne WR, Eime RM. Partnership and capacity-building strategies in community sports and recreation programs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13606710902944938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Soteriades ES, Hadjichristodoulou C, Kremastinou J, Chelvatzoglou FC, Minogiannis PS, Falagas ME. Health promotion programs related to the Athens 2004 Olympic and Para Olympic games. BMC Public Health 2006; 6:47. [PMID: 16504120 PMCID: PMC1397814 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Olympic Games constitute a first-class opportunity to promote athleticism and health messages. Little is known, however on the impact of Olympic Games on the development of health-promotion programs for the general population. Our objective was to identify and describe the population-based health-promotion programs implemented in relation to the Athens 2004 Olympic and Para Olympic Games. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of all stakeholders of the Games, including the Athens 2004 Organizing Committee, all ministries of the Greek government, the National School of Public Health, all municipalities hosting Olympic events and all official private sponsors of the Games, was conducted after the conclusion of the Games. RESULTS A total of 44 agencies were surveyed, 40 responded (91%), and ten (10) health-promotion programs were identified. Two programs were implemented by the Athens 2004 Organizing Committee, 2 from the Greek ministries, 2 from the National School of Public Health, 1 from municipalities, and 3 from official private sponsors of the Games. The total cost of the programs was estimated at 943,000 Euros; a relatively small fraction (0.08%) of the overall cost of the Games. CONCLUSION Greece has made a small, however, significant step forward, on health promotion, in the context of the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee and the future hosting countries, including China, are encouraged to elaborate on this idea and offer the world a promising future for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpidoforos S Soteriades
- Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Athens, Greece
- Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health in Association with Harvard School of Public Health, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - Christos Hadjichristodoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
- National School of Public Health – Olympic Planning Unit (OPU), Athens, Greece
| | - Jeni Kremastinou
- National School of Public Health – Olympic Planning Unit (OPU), Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Matthew E Falagas
- Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Athens, Greece
- Department of Medicine, "Henry Dunant" Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Siegel M. Counteracting tobacco motor sports sponsorship as a promotional tool: is the tobacco settlement enough? Am J Public Health 2001; 91:1100-6. [PMID: 11441738 PMCID: PMC1446704 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.91.7.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to quantify television advertising exposure achieved by tobacco companies through sponsorship of motor sports events and to evaluate the likely effect of the Master Settlement Agreement on this advertising. METHODS Data from Sponsors Report, which quantifies the exposure that sponsors of selected televised sporting events receive during broadcasts of those events, were compiled for all motor sports events covered by the service for the period 1997 through 1999. RESULTS From 1997 through 1999, tobacco companies achieved 169 hours of television advertising exposure and $410.5 million of advertising value for their products by sponsoring motor sports events. If tobacco companies comply with the Master Settlement Agreement and maintain their advertising at 1999 levels, they will still be able to achieve more than 25 hours of television exposure and an equivalent television advertising value of $99.1 million per year. CONCLUSIONS Despite a federal ban on tobacco advertising on television, tobacco companies achieve the equivalent of more than $150 million in television advertising per year through their sponsorship of motor sports events. The Master Settlement Agreement likely will do little to address this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Siegel
- Boston University School of Public Health, Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, 715 Albany St, TW2, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Giles-Corti B, Clarkson JP, Donovan RJ, Frizzell SK, Carroll AM, Pikora T, Jalleh G. Creating smoke-free environments in recreational settings. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2001; 28:341-51. [PMID: 11380054 DOI: 10.1177/109019810102800308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate the banning of tobacco industry sponsorship, Australian health promotion foundations were established to provide health sponsorship to sport, arts, and racing organizations. Health sponsorship dollars procure health sponsorship benefits such as naming rights, signage, personal endorsement of a (health) product by a performer or player, and structural controls such as smoke-free policies. Data are presented from surveys and observations of spectators attending events sponsored by the West Australian Health Promotion Foundation (Healthway) and surveys of Healthway-sponsored organizations and the community. The results demonstrate that by using health sponsorship, Healthway increased the prevalence of smoke-free policies in recreational settings, and there was growing support for these policies. There was evidence of good compliance with smoke-free policies, thus reducing exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The introduction of smoke-free policies in recreational settings has involved working collaboratively with sectors outside of health, taking an incremental approach to change, and gaining the support of stakeholders by communicating evaluation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Giles-Corti
- Albany Centre and Department of Public Health at the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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