1
|
Nair I, Patel SP, Bolen A, Roger S, Bucci K, Schwab-Reese L, DeMaria AL. Reproductive Health Experiences Shared on TikTok by Young People: Content Analysis. JMIR Infodemiology 2023; 3:e42810. [PMID: 37831780 PMCID: PMC10682920 DOI: 10.2196/42810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TikTok is a popular social media platform that allows users to create and share content through short videos. It has become a place for everyday users, especially Generation Z users, to share experiences about their reproductive health. Owing to its growing popularity and easy accessibility, TikTok can help raise awareness for reproductive health issues as well as help destigmatize these conversations. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify and understand the visual, audio, and written components of content that TikTok users create about their reproductive health experiences. METHODS A sampling framework was implemented to narrow down the analytic data set. The top 6 videos from each targeted hashtag (eg, #BirthControl, #MyBodyMyChoice, and #LoveYourself) were extracted biweekly for 16 weeks (July-November 2020). During data collection, we noted video characteristics such as captioning, music, likes, and cited sources. Qualitative content analysis was performed on the extracted videos. RESULTS The top videos in each hashtag were consistent over time; for example, only 11 videos appeared in the top 6 category for #BirthControl throughout the data collection. Most videos fell into 2 primary categories: personal experiences and informational content. Among the personal experiences, people shared stories (eg, intrauterine device removal experiences), crafts (eg, painting their pill case), or humor (eg, celebrations of the arrival of their period). Dancing and demonstrations were commonly used in informational content. CONCLUSIONS TikTok is used to share messages on myriad reproductive health topics. Understanding users' exposure provides important insights into their beliefs and knowledge of sexual and reproductive health. The study findings can be used to generate valuable information for teenagers and young adults, their health care providers, and their communities. Producing health messages that are both meaningful and accessible will contribute to the cocreation of critical health information for professional and personal use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Nair
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, W Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sophia P Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, W Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ashley Bolen
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, W Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Samantha Roger
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, W Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kayla Bucci
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, W Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Laura Schwab-Reese
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, W Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Andrea L DeMaria
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, W Lafayette, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aliyi B, Dassie Y, Deressa A, Debella A, Birhanu A, Gamachu M, Eyeberu A, Mamo Ayana G, Fekredin H, Mussa I. Demand of and Access to Health Messages Through Mass Media in the Rural Community of Eastern Ethiopia: A Mixed Method Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:1859-1874. [PMID: 37719689 PMCID: PMC10503334 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s429712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The demand for health-related information has increased dramatically in recent years. Media is crucial in reaching health messages to audiences, especially those who are distant and rural. Therefore, the study aimed to assess demands, access, and factors associated with access to health messages through mass media in the rural community of Kersa District of East Hararghe, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted from October 15 to November 20, 2020. A quantitative cross-sectional and a qualitative phenomenological study design were applied. A total of 578 participants were included by using a systematic sampling technique. Collected data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. A multivariate logistic regression analysis model was used and reported using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. For qualitative, six-focused group discussions (FGDs) were used and then analyzed thematically. Results Overall, the demand of and access to health messages through mass media was 32.5% (95% CI=28.5-34.2%) and 26.6% (95% CI=24.6-28.7%), respectively. Factors such as having electric services (AOR=2.36, 95% CI=2.13-5.41), having a mobile phone (AOR=4.56, 95% CI=4.32-8.73), exposure to TV (AOR=4.73, 95% CI=1.03-11.62), and exposure to social media and printed media (AOR=5.24, 95% CI=1.07-15.63), a preference for programs such as news, current affairs, entertainment, health and educational were 2.37, 9.47, 4.75 and 7.55 times more likely to access health messages (AOR=2.37, 95% CI=1.00-5.61; AOR=9.47, 95% CI=3.54-25.34; AOR=4.75, 95% CI=1.23-18.38; and AOR=7.55, 95% CI=3.12-8.66, respectively). Qualitative findings, participants demand for health messages from health workers, radio, and the main source for accessing the message was the radio. Conclusion Approximately one in every three and one in every four rural communities in the study area had demand, and access to health messages through mass media, respectively. As a result, all stakeholders should emphasize and strengthen expanding methods of reaching health messages using mass media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Aliyi
- Zonal Health Office, Eastern Hararghe, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dassie
- School of Public Health, CHMS, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adera Debella
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, CHMS, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Birhanu
- School of Medicine, CHMS, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Gamachu
- School of Medicine, CHMS, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Departments of Public Health, Rift Valley University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, CHMS, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Hamdi Fekredin
- School of Public Health, CHMS, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ibsa Mussa
- School of Public Health, CHMS, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Greuel M, Sy F, Bärnighausen T, Adam M, Vandormael A, Gates J, Harling G. Community Health Worker Use of Smart Devices for Health Promotion: Scoping Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2023; 11:e42023. [PMID: 36811947 PMCID: PMC9996418 DOI: 10.2196/42023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community health workers (CHWs) have become essential to the promotion of healthy behaviors, yet their work is complicated by challenges both within and beyond their control. These challenges include resistance to the change of existing behaviors, disbelief of health messages, limited community health literacy, insufficient CHW communication skills and knowledge, lack of community interest and respect for CHWs, and CHWs' lack of adequate supplies. The rising penetration of "smart" technology (eg, smartphones and tablets) in low- and middle-income countries facilitates the use of portable electronic devices in the field. OBJECTIVE This scoping review examines to what extent mobile health in the form of smart devices may enhance the delivery of public health messages in CHW-client interactions, thereby addressing the aforementioned challenges and inducing client behavior change. METHODS We conducted a structured search of the PubMed and LILACS databases using subject heading terms in 4 categories: technology user, technology device, use of technology, and outcome. Eligibility criteria included publication since January 2007, CHWs delivering a health message aided by a smart device, and face-to-face communication between CHWs and clients. Eligible studies were analyzed qualitatively using a modified version of the Partners in Health conceptual framework. RESULTS We identified 12 eligible studies, 10 (83%) of which used qualitative or mixed methods approaches. We found that smart devices mitigate challenges encountered by CHWs by improving their knowledge, motivation, and creativity (eg, through self-made videos); their status within the community; and the credibility of their health messages. The technology stimulated interest in both CHWs and clients-and sometimes even in bystanders and neighbors. Media content produced locally or reflecting local customs was strongly embraced. Yet, the effect of smart devices on the quality of CHW-client interactions was inconclusive. Interactions suffered as CHWs were tempted to replace educational conversations with clients by passively watching video content. Furthermore, a series of technical difficulties experienced especially by older and less educated CHWs compromised some of the advantages brought about by mobile devices. Adequate CHW training ameliorated these difficulties. Only 1 study (8%) considered client health behavior change as an end point, thus revealing a major research gap. CONCLUSIONS Smart mobile devices may augment CHWs' field performance and enhance face-to-face interactions with clients, yet they also generate new challenges. The available evidence is scarce, mostly qualitative, and focused on a limited range of health outcomes. Future research should include larger-scale interventions across a wide range of health outcomes and feature client health behavior change as an end point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Greuel
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frithjof Sy
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maya Adam
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alain Vandormael
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Gates
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guy Harling
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Epidemiology and Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.,Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu X, Yzer M. Understanding self-affirmation effects: The moderating role of self-esteem. Br J Health Psychol 2021; 26:1016-1039. [PMID: 33641204 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whether people benefit from self-affirmation in overcoming resistance to health messages may depend on their level of self-esteem. However, extant theories offer rival hypotheses about the role of self-esteem. We pitted these hypotheses against each other, building on the argument that how self-esteem shapes self-affirmation effects may depend on how and when people self-affirm. DESIGN A 3 (Self-affirmation type: value essay, attribute scale, control task) by 2 (Timing: pre-message, post-message) plus 1 (message-only) experimental, between-subjects design. METHODS Participants (N = 422) completed a value essay, an attribute scale, a control task, or no task, either before or after reading a message about health risks of excessive drinking. Participants then completed defensiveness and message acceptance measures. RESULTS Self-esteem moderated self-affirmation effects across different types and timing of self-affirmation. While participants with relatively high self-esteem consistently benefited from self-affirmation, participants with relatively low self-esteem experienced adverse effects from self-affirmation. Self-affirmed participants with high self-esteem showed lower psychological discomfort, lower personal risk discounting, and higher message acceptance than unaffirmed participants, while self-affirmed participants with low self-esteem showed higher psychological discomfort, higher personal risk discounting, and lower message acceptance than unaffirmed participants. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the proposition that self-esteem serves as affirmational resources, which implies that self-affirmation interventions to reduce defensiveness to health messages may be beneficial for people with high self-esteem but less so for people with lower self-esteem. Similar to much other self-esteem research, self-esteem was negatively skewed, which warrants caution in generalization of the findings across all levels of self-esteem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhu
- Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marco Yzer
- Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rao Q, Bai L, Lv Y, Abdullah AS, Brooks I, Xie Y, Zhao Y, Hou X. Goal-Framing and Temporal-Framing: Effects on the Acceptance of Childhood Simple Obesity Prevention Messages among Preschool Children's Caregivers in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E770. [PMID: 31991873 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A range of intervention models are available for childhood obesity prevention; however, few studies have examined the effectiveness of intervention messages. This study developed childhood simple obesity prevention messages on the basis of goal-framing and temporal-framing effects to improve message acceptance among the caregivers of preschool children and explored associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 592 caregivers of preschool children in urban kindergartens in China during March to April 2019. The framing messages were developed based on prospect theory and construal level theory. The majority (48.4%) of caregivers found the gain-framed, present-oriented message most salient for acceptance. We found that gender, education background, theme, and the use of negative words have impacts on goal-framing effects; and previous participation in a health related intervention, career category, and the theme have impacts on temporal-framing effects (p < 0.001). Goal-framing effects and temporal-framing effects can influence each other (p < 0.001). The findings suggest that the gain-framed, present-oriented message could be considered a strategy to improve the acceptance of information by caregivers. When framing a message, subtle differences like using negative words might affect the exertion of framing effects.
Collapse
|
6
|
Schwerdtle P, De Clerck V, Plummer V. Survivors' perceptions of public health messages during an Ebola crisis in Liberia and Sierra Leone: An exploratory study. Nurs Health Sci 2017; 19:492-497. [PMID: 28929557 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone was the largest epidemic of Ebola ever recorded. The healthcare workforce was diminished and exhausted as the region emerged from civil war. Few qualitative, descriptive studies have been conducted to date that concentrate on the voices of Ebola survivors and their perceptions of health messages. In this study, we employed an interpretive, qualitative design to explore participant experiences. Twenty five survivors who had recovered from Ebola were recruited from three villages in Liberia and Sierra Leone in August 2015. Data were collected using semistructured interviews. Data analysis revealed four themes: (i) degrees of mistrust; (ii) messages conflicting with life and culture; (iii) seeing is believing; and (iv) recovery inspires hope. The findings were explored in the context of the relevant literature. The themes highlight the need to develop culturally-appropriate messages, underpinned by a sound understanding of the community and a willingness to work with the culture and trusted leaders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Schwerdtle
- Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders), Australia
| | | | - Virginia Plummer
- Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Davies C, Knuiman M, Pikora T, Rosenberg M. Health in arts: are arts settings better than sports settings for promoting anti-smoking messages? Perspect Public Health 2013; 135:145-51. [PMID: 24132328 DOI: 10.1177/1757913913502475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of preventable mortality and morbidity. Since 1991, the Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation (Healthway) has sponsored the arts and sport in exchange for cigarette smoke-free events, smoke-free policies and the promotion of anti-smoking messages (e.g. Quit, Smoke Free or Smarter than Smoking). As health promoters often look for innovative and effective settings to advocate health, and as the approach of sponsoring the arts to promote health to the general population is uncommon, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 'health in arts' by measuring the cognitive impact (message awareness, comprehension, acceptance and intention) of promoting anti-smoking messages at arts events, and comparing findings to sports events, a more traditional health promotion setting. METHOD A secondary analysis of the 2004-2009 Healthway Sponsorship Monitor data was conducted. A total of 12 arts events (n = 592 respondents) and 9 sports events (n = 420 respondents) sponsored by Healthway to promote an anti-smoking message were evaluated. The study was cross-sectional in design. Participants were residents of Western Australia aged 15 years or above and attended events as part of an audience or as a spectator. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS After adjustment for demographic variables, smoking status and clustering, arts events were found to be as effective in promoting anti-smoking message awareness, comprehension and acceptance and twice as effective on intention to act (p = .03) compared with sports events. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of arts sponsorship to promote health to the general population, that is, health in arts. Promoting an anti-smoking message in arts settings was as, or more, effective than in sports settings. Results suggest that the arts should be utilised to communicate and reinforce anti-smoking messages to the general population. The suitability of the arts to promote other types of health messages should be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Davies
- Research Assistant Professor and PhD Candidate, School of Population Health and School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health (M431), The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Knuiman
- Winthrop Professor, School of Population Health (M431), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Terri Pikora
- Adjunct Senior Research Fellow, School of Population Health (M431), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- Associate Professor and Director, Health Promotion Evaluation Unit, School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health (M408), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|