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Sadeghi K, Seo J. Ultraviolet-cured p-phenylenediamine functionalized polypropylene film as a non-migratory antioxidant. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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2
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Zhou S, Li R, Zhang Z, Gu M, Zhu H, Fang J, Ji Z, Xu X, Tang L. Analysis of mutagenic components of oxidative hair dyes with the Ames test. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1921-1937. [PMID: 33942666 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211013433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative hair dyes consist of two components (I and II) that are mixed before use. Aromatic amines in component I and their reaction with hydrogen peroxide after mixing them with component II have been of primary concern. In addition, two in vitro genotoxicity assays are still required for the approval of the final products of oxidative hair dyes in China, and the substance in the oxidative hair dye that causes the high rate of positive results in genotoxicity tests, especially the Ames test, has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the formulation of 55 different oxidative hair dyes from 7 color series and performed Ames tests in the strain TA98 with the S9 mix (oxidative hair dyes No. 1-30) and in strain TA97a without the S9 mix (oxidative hair dyes No. 31-55). We found that toluene-2,5-diamine sulfate (2,5-diaminotoluene sulfate, DATS) in component I may be the cause of mutagenicity in TA98, and hydrogen peroxide in component II may be the cause of mutagenicity in TA97a, and their positive concentrations were consistent with those that we calculated from Ames tests. The results suggest that the positive results for the oxidative hair dye in the Ames test were inevitable because of the existence of DATS in component I and of hydrogen peroxide in component II. Therefore, we should carry out safety assessments on each raw material and carry out risk assessments on the final products of oxidative hair dyes instead of genotoxicity tests in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Zhou
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Minyang Gu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Ji
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Tang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai, China
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3
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Johnson W. m-Phenylenediamine and m-Phenylenediamine Sulfate. Int J Toxicol 2017; 36:42S-43S. [PMID: 29025329 DOI: 10.1177/1091581817720164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- 1 Senior Scientific Writer/Analyst, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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