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Guedes PEB, Pinto TM, Corrêa JMX, Niella RV, dos Anjos CM, de Oliveira JNS, Marques CSDC, de Souza SS, da Silva EB, de Lavor MSL. Efficacy of Preemptive Analgesia with Amantadine for Controlling Postoperative Pain in Cats Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:643. [PMID: 38396611 PMCID: PMC10886337 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the preemptive administration of amantadine on postoperative analgesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy and its influence on the physiological parameters. Twenty healthy domestic cats scheduled to undergo ovariohysterectomy at the Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, were divided into two groups: the control group (Group C; n = 10) and the amantadine group (Group A; n = 10). The cats in Group C received placebo capsules 30 min prior to the standard anesthetic protocol, whereas those in Group A received 5 mg/kg of amantadine orally 30 min prior to the standard anesthetic protocol. Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale and the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional scale for the evaluation of postoperative pain in cats. The administration of amantadine had no effect on the physiological parameters evaluated. The pain scores in Group A were lower than those in Group C, indicating that the frequency of rescue analgesic administration cats in Group A was lower. That way, preemptive oral administration of amantadine at a dose of 5 mg/kg was effective at controlling postoperative pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Moreover, no adverse effects or alterations in the physiological patterns were observed in the treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Elisa Brandão Guedes
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (P.E.B.G.); (T.M.P.); (J.M.X.C.); (R.V.N.); (C.M.d.A.); (J.N.S.d.O.); (C.S.d.C.M.); (S.S.d.S.)
| | - Taísa Miranda Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (P.E.B.G.); (T.M.P.); (J.M.X.C.); (R.V.N.); (C.M.d.A.); (J.N.S.d.O.); (C.S.d.C.M.); (S.S.d.S.)
| | - Janaína Maria Xavier Corrêa
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (P.E.B.G.); (T.M.P.); (J.M.X.C.); (R.V.N.); (C.M.d.A.); (J.N.S.d.O.); (C.S.d.C.M.); (S.S.d.S.)
| | - Raquel Vieira Niella
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (P.E.B.G.); (T.M.P.); (J.M.X.C.); (R.V.N.); (C.M.d.A.); (J.N.S.d.O.); (C.S.d.C.M.); (S.S.d.S.)
| | - Carolina Moreira dos Anjos
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (P.E.B.G.); (T.M.P.); (J.M.X.C.); (R.V.N.); (C.M.d.A.); (J.N.S.d.O.); (C.S.d.C.M.); (S.S.d.S.)
| | - Jéssica Natália Silva de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (P.E.B.G.); (T.M.P.); (J.M.X.C.); (R.V.N.); (C.M.d.A.); (J.N.S.d.O.); (C.S.d.C.M.); (S.S.d.S.)
| | - Claire Souza da Costa Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (P.E.B.G.); (T.M.P.); (J.M.X.C.); (R.V.N.); (C.M.d.A.); (J.N.S.d.O.); (C.S.d.C.M.); (S.S.d.S.)
| | - Sophia Saraiva de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (P.E.B.G.); (T.M.P.); (J.M.X.C.); (R.V.N.); (C.M.d.A.); (J.N.S.d.O.); (C.S.d.C.M.); (S.S.d.S.)
| | - Elisângela Barboza da Silva
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil;
| | - Mário Sérgio Lima de Lavor
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil;
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Claaßen S, Aurich J, Walter I, Gautier C, Aurich C. Abundance of Anti-Muellerian hormone in cat ovaries and correlation of its plasma concentration with animal age, weight and stage of the estrous cycle. Theriogenology 2023; 212:30-36. [PMID: 37689028 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
In female animals of different species, Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by follicular granulosa cells and has been associated with the ovarian follicle pool. Because concentration of AMH in plasma of ovary-intact female cats is apparently more variable than previously assumed, we have analysed AMH concentration in blood of cats (n = 93) presented for routine ovariectomy and assessed ovarian histology and AMH protein expression in the surgically removed ovaries. We hypothesised that AMH is synthesized only in preantral and small antral follicles and that plasma AMH concentration reflects the antral follicle count (AFC). Corpora lutea were detected in 35% of the female cats, whereas plasma progesterone concentration was ≥1 ng/mL in 57% of the cats. Follicular cysts were present in 15 cats (16%). Positive immunostaining for AMH protein was detected in close to all primordial and antral follicles, ovarian cysts, 70% of corpora lutea and 28% of atretic follicles. Concentration of AMH in plasma averaged 6.8 ± 0.5 ng/mL (range 1.3-21.7 ng/mL). The AFC increased with increasing AMH concentration with a moderate positive correlation between AFC and AMH (r = 0.286, p < 0.01). Plasma AMH concentration was not affected by season or cats' age, weight, stage of the estrous cycle and presence of follicular cysts. In conclusion, AMH protein is expressed in all endocrine structures of the cat ovary. While AMH is a marker for the presence of ovarian tissue, its usefulness to assess ovarian function in individual female cats is of limited value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Claaßen
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Aurich
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Walter
- VetCore Facility for Research/VetBiobank, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Morphology, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Camille Gautier
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Aurich
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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Johnson AK, Jandrlich D, Joiner K, Martin DR. Observations about declining fertility in a feline breeding colony. Theriogenology 2023; 212:111-116. [PMID: 37717514 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Feline breeding colonies are important to the feline industry by preserving traits desirable for a particular breed or in research settings by maintaining medically valuable genetic traits. As breeding females age, their reproductive efficiency declines. The objective of this study was to determine the most common causes of infertility in breeding females that were producing fewer kittens. Knowing the cause and average age of infertility would allow management decisions to be made for the betterment of the colony. The medical records of 70 queens retired from breeding from a single research colony were examined for litter size and number, fertility over their lifespan, and age and reason for removal from breeding stock. Sections of uterus and ovaries were evaluated using gross and histopathological examination for a subset of these queens (46). The data suggests that mature, continuously breeding female cats may show signs of reduced fertility (infertile matings or reduced litter size) as early as 3 years of age and may be a result of undiagnosed Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia (CEH), endometritis, pyometra and/or ovarian cysts. Evaluation of breeding queens should include periodic ultrasounds to monitor for ovarian cysts and evidence of CEH. Retiring animals from breeding once signs of infertility become apparent is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Johnson
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Scott Ritchey Research Center, 1265 Morgan Drive, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - D Jandrlich
- Vann's Ferry Animal Hospital, 332 Dahlonega St, Cumming, GA, USA
| | - K Joiner
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - D R Martin
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Scott Ritchey Research Center, 1265 Morgan Drive, Auburn, AL, USA
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Serum antimüllerian hormone concentrations in female cats. Relation with ovarian remnant syndrome, ovarian cysts and gonadectomy status. Theriogenology 2023; 200:106-113. [PMID: 36805247 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal (1) the determination of the serum antimüllerian hormone concentrations in cats with ovarian remnant syndrome and ovarian cyst, (2) the effectiveness of the serum antimüllerian hormone concentrations in detecting gonadectomy status, and (3) ovarian expression of the antimüllerian hormone in the ovarian cysts and ovarian remnant tissue. For this purpose, a total of 31 domestic cats older than 1 year, including ORS (n = 9), OC (n = 3), spayed (n = 8), and intact (n = 11), were used in the study. Serum and intrafollicular AMH concentrations were determined by the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and expression of the AMH was determined by the immunohistochemical method. The serum AMH concentration in the ORS group was 1.49 ± 1.24 ng/ml (0.10-3.63 ng/ml) whereas it was 1.78 ± 0.92 ng/ml (0.8-2.63 ng/ml) in the OC group. AMH concentration in the intrafollicular fluid was determined as 0.023 ng/ml in a cat with an ovarian cyst. While the serum AMH concentration was below 0.01 ng/ml in spayed cats, it was 5.80 ± 3.30 ng/ml (1.88-11.86 ng/ml) in the intact cats. There was a significant difference between the spayed and intact groups in terms of serum AMH concentration (p < 0.05). Moreover, in cats with ovarian cyst and ovarian remnant syndrome, no difference was found between the groups in terms of serum AMH concentration (p > 0.05). No difference was found between the ovarian remnant syndrome and intact cats in terms of serum AMH concentration (p > 0.05). In immunohistochemical staining, ovarian cysts were found to be negative for AMH while a moderate (+2) AMH positivity was observed in other follicles. Furthermore, in cats with ovarian remnant syndrome, severe (+3) AMH positivity was observed. As a result, it was determined that gonadectomy status can be accurately diagnosed by the AMH measurement. Ovarian remnant syndrome cannot be diagnosed accurately by AMH measurement. In addition, it was found that AMH did not seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cysts in cats.
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Niewiadomska Z, Adib-Lesaux A, Reyes-Gomez E, Gandoin C, Bouillin C, Gaillard V, Fontbonne A. Uterine issues in infertile queens: nine cases. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 251:107225. [PMID: 37003062 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This prospective case series investigated potential uterine causes of infertility in queens. Purebred queens with infertility (failure to conceive, embryonic death, or failure to maintain pregnancy and produce viable kittens), but no other reproductive disorders were examined approximately 1-8 weeks before mating (Visit 1), 21 days after mating (Visit 2), and 45 days after mating (Visit 3) if pregnant at Visit 2. Investigations included vaginal cytology and bacteriology, urine bacteriology, and ultrasonography. At Visit 2 or 3, uterine biopsy or ovariohysterectomy was performed for histology. Of nine eligible queens, seven were non-pregnant by ultrasound at Visit 2 and two had lost pregnancies by Visit 3. Ovulation was confirmed by serum progesterone concentration in all queens. Ultrasonic appearance of the ovaries and uterus was compatible with a healthy status except for one queen with signs of cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and pyometra, a follicular cyst in another, and fetal resorptions in two queens. Six cats had histologic lesions of endometrial hyperplasia, including CEH (n=1). Only one cat had no histologic uterine lesions. Bacteria were cultured from vaginal samples in seven queens at Visit 1, (two were non-evaluable), and in five of seven queens sampled at Visit 2. Uterine cultures were negative except for the cat with pyometra. All urine cultures were negative. In summary, the most frequent pathology observed in these infertile queens was histologic endometrial hyperplasia, which can potentially inhibit embryo implantation and healthy placental development. This suggests that uterine disease might contribute substantially to infertility in purebred queens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Niewiadomska
- Unité de Médecine de L'Elevage et du Sport (UMES), École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Achraf Adib-Lesaux
- Royal Canin Research Center, 650 Avenue de la Petite Camargue, 30470 Aimargues, France
| | - Edouard Reyes-Gomez
- Unité d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie, Biopôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christelle Gandoin
- Unité de Bactériologie, Biopôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Corinne Bouillin
- Unité de Bactériologie, Biopôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Virginie Gaillard
- Royal Canin Research Center, 650 Avenue de la Petite Camargue, 30470 Aimargues, France.
| | - Alain Fontbonne
- Unité de Médecine de L'Elevage et du Sport (UMES), École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Binder C, Aurich J, Scarlet D, Reichart U, Walter I, Aurich C. Expression of nuclear progesterone receptor, progesterone receptor membrane components 1 and 2 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 in the endometrium and oviduct of spontaneously ovulating cats. Theriogenology 2021; 172:200-206. [PMID: 34271496 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although ovulations not followed by pregnancy occur regularly in cats, differences in endometrial function between cats in the luteal and non-luteal phase have not been studied so far. Progesterone exerts its effects through a nuclear progesterone receptor (PGR) and via cell-membrane bound receptors referred to as progesterone receptor membrane component (PGRMC) 1 and 2. Progesterone receptor expression is regulated by gonadal steroid hormones and therefore may change throughout the oestrous cycle. Protein expression of PGR, PGRMC-1 and 2 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) was analysed in the endometrium and oviduct of non-pregnant female cats in the follicular (n = 8) and luteal phase (n = 9). We hypothesized that the presence of corpora lutea (CL) is associated with downregulation of progesterone receptors and PTGS2. Cells of the luminal endometrial epithelium, endometrial stroma and oviductal epithelium were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The PGR protein expression was more pronounced in the endometrial epithelium than stroma (p < 0.001) and less pronounced in cats with a CL than without CL (p < 0.001) but did not differ between groups in the oviduct. The PTGS2 was localized only in the endometrial and oviductal epithelium and its expression was reduced in cats with CL (p = 0.001). In the endometrial epithelium, PGRMC-1 expression was reduced in cats with CL (p < 0.05). Expression of PGRMC-2 was highest in the endometrial epithelium and lowest in the endometrial stroma (p = 0.01) but did not differ between cats with and without CL. In conclusion, progesterone receptor and PTGS2 downregulation in the female cat closely resembles findings in other spontaneously ovulating domestic animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Binder
- Obstetrics and Reproduction, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - J Aurich
- Obstetrics and Reproduction, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Scarlet
- Obstetrics and Reproduction, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - U Reichart
- VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Walter
- VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Pathology, Department for Pathobiology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Aurich
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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