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de Jorge-Huerta L, Marco-Alacid C, Grande C, Velardo Andrés C. A Narrative Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sarcopenia and Malnutrition in Patients with Heart Failure. Nutrients 2024; 16:2717. [PMID: 39203852 PMCID: PMC11357594 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sarcopenia (loss of muscle strength, mass and function) in individuals with heart failure (HF) stands at a considerable level (approximately 20%), contributing to heightened mortality rates and diminished quality of life. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involve the presence of low-grade inflammation and a disturbance of the anabolic-catabolic protein balance. The nutritional assessment of patients with HF is a key aspect, and diverse diagnostic tools are employed based on patient profiles (outpatient, inpatient and nursing home). The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria serves as a consensus for diagnosing malnutrition. Given that edema can impact body mass index (BMI) in patients with HF, alternative body assessment technical methods, such as bioelectrical vector impedance (BiVA), BIA (without vector mode), computer tomography (CT) or clinical ultrasound (US), are useful. Scientific evidence supports the efficacy of both aerobic and resistance physical exercises in ameliorating and preventing muscle wasting associated with HF. Dietary strategies emphasize the importance of protein intake, while certain micronutrients like coenzyme Q10 or intravenous iron may offer benefits. This narrative review aims to present the current understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of muscle loss in individuals with heart failure and its consequential impact on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Grande
- Medical Scientific Liaison, Abbott Nutrición, 28050 Madrid, Spain;
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2
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Pagnesi M, Serafini L, Chiarito M, Stolfo D, Baldetti L, Inciardi RM, Tomasoni D, Adamo M, Lombardi CM, Sammartino AM, Loiacono F, Maccallini M, Villaschi A, Gasparini G, Montella M, Contessi S, Cocianni D, Perotto M, Barone G, Anker SD, Merlo M, Cappelletti AM, Sinagra G, Pini D, Metra M. Impact of malnutrition in patients with severe heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2024; 26:1585-1593. [PMID: 38808603 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The role of malnutrition among patients with severe heart failure (HF) is not well established. We evaluated the incidence, predictors, and prognostic impact of malnutrition in patients with severe HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Nutritional status was measured using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), based on body weight, height and serum albumin concentration, with malnutrition defined as GNRI ≤98. It was assessed in consecutive patients with severe HF, defined by at least one high-risk 'I NEED HELP' marker, enrolled at four Italian centres between January 2020 and November 2021. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. A total of 510 patients with data regarding nutritional status were included in the study (mean age 74 ± 12 years, 66.5% male). Among them, 179 (35.1%) had GNRI ≤98 (malnutrition). At multivariable logistic regression, lower body mass index (BMI) and higher levels of natriuretic peptides (B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP] > median value [685 pg/ml] or N-terminal proBNP > median value [5775 pg/ml]) were independently associated with a higher likelihood of malnutrition. Estimated rates of all-cause death at 1 year were 22.4% and 41.1% in patients without and with malnutrition, respectively (log-rank p < 0.001). The impact of malnutrition on all-cause mortality was confirmed after multivariable adjustment for relevant covariates (adjusted hazard ratio 2.03, 95% confidence interval 1.43-2.89, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In a contemporary, real-world, multicentre cohort of patients with severe HF, malnutrition (defined as GNRI ≤98) was common and independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. Lower BMI and higher natriuretic peptides were identified as predictors of malnutrition in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pagnesi
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lisa Serafini
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Chiarito
- Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Stolfo
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Baldetti
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo M Inciardi
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Tomasoni
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marianna Adamo
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo M Lombardi
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio M Sammartino
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Marta Maccallini
- Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Villaschi
- Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Gasparini
- Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Montella
- Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Contessi
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Cocianni
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Perotto
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barone
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK) of German Heart Center Charité, Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Merlo
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniela Pini
- Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Palmas F, Mucarzel F, Ricart M, Lluch A, Zabalegui A, Melian J, Guerra R, Rodriguez A, Roson N, Ciudin A, Burgos R. Body composition assessment with ultrasound muscle measurement: optimization through the use of semi-automated tools in colorectal cancer. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1372816. [PMID: 38694226 PMCID: PMC11062347 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1372816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with a high prevalence and major impact on global health. Body composition (BC) data are of great importance in the assessment of nutritional status. Ultrasound (US) is an emerging, accessible and non-invasive technique that could be an alternative when it is not feasible to perform computed tomography (CT). The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between CT, as a reference technique, and US of the rectus femoris (RF) as a "proof of concept," in a cohort of patients with CRC and assess the optimisation of results obtained by US when performed by our new semi-automated tool. A single-centre cross-sectional study including 174 patients diagnosed with CRC and undergoing surgery was carried out at the Vall d'Hebron Hospital. We found a strong correlation between CT and US of the RF area (r = 0.67; p < 0.005). The latter, is able to discriminate patients with worse prognosis in terms of length of hospital stay and discharge destination (AUC-ROC = 0.64, p 0.015). These results improve when they are carried out with the automatic tool (area AUC-ROC = 0.73, p 0.023), especially when normalised by height and eliminating patients who associate overflow. According to our results, the US could be considered as a valuable alternative for the quantitative assessment of muscle mass when CT is not feasible. These measurements are improved when measuring software is applied, such as "Bat" software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Palmas
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernanda Mucarzel
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ricart
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amador Lluch
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Zabalegui
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Melian
- ARTIS Development, Las Palmasde Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Raul Guerra
- ARTIS Development, Las Palmasde Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Aitor Rodriguez
- Department of Radiology, Institut De Diagnòstic Per La Imatge (IDI), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Roson
- Department of Radiology, Institut De Diagnòstic Per La Imatge (IDI), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreea Ciudin
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Burgos
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Lopes MMGD, Sousa IM, Queiroz SA, Bezerra MRO, Gonzalez MC, Fayh APT. Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis is different according to the comorbidity burden in post-acute myocardial infarction. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39:450-458. [PMID: 37740504 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of a high comorbidity burden in patients who suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is increasing with the aging population, and the nutrition status also may be a predictor of clinical outcomes for these patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the comorbidity burden and the characteristics of the bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in patients post-AMI. METHODS This prospective observational cohort study was conducted with adult patients who were hospitalized with AMI. Pre-existing comorbidities were assessed by the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) adjusted by age, and anthropometric and BIVA characteristics were evaluated after the hemodynamic stabilization. All patients were followed-up until hospital discharge, and their length of stay was observed. RESULTS A total of 184 patients (75% were males; mean age, 60.2 ± 12.3 years) were included. The most common comorbidities were dyslipidemia (73.9%), hypertension (62%), and type 2 diabetes (34.2%). A higher CCI (≥3) was associated with sex (P = 0.008) and age (P < 0.001). Regarding BIVA, statistically significant differences were detected between sex (P < 0.001), age (P < 0.001), and CCI (P = 0.003), with longer vectors in female, older adults, and those with CCI ≥ 3. CONCLUSION Finding a relationship between BIVA and CCI suggests the first identified coherent differences, potentially correlated with diseases, representing a first contribution to support this type of assessment. Therefore, with BIVA, healthcare professionals may monitor abnormalities and adopt preventive nutrition care measures on patients post-AMI to improve their clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia M G D Lopes
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Applied Sciences to Women's Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Iasmin M Sousa
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sandra Azevedo Queiroz
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Mara R O Bezerra
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Piccirillo A, Perri F, Vittori A, Ionna F, Sabbatino F, Ottaiano A, Cascella M. Evaluating Nutritional Risk Factors for Delirium in Intensive-Care-Unit Patients: Present Insights and Prospects for Future Research. Clin Pract 2023; 13:1577-1592. [PMID: 38131687 PMCID: PMC10742123 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13060138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition, hypercatabolism, and metabolic changes are well-established risk factors for delirium in critically ill patients. Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, there is mounting evidence suggesting that malnutrition can cause a variety of changes that contribute to delirium, such as electrolyte imbalances, immune dysfunction, and alterations in drug metabolism. Therefore, a comprehensive metabolic and malnutrition assessment, along with appropriate nutritional support, may help to prevent or ameliorate malnutrition, reduce hypercatabolism, and improve overall physiological function, ultimately lowering the risk of delirium. For this aim, bioelectrical impedance analysis can represent a valuable strategy. Further research into the underlying mechanisms and nutritional risk factors for delirium is crucial to developing more effective prevention strategies. Understanding these processes will allow clinicians to personalize treatment plans for individual patients, leading to improved outcomes and quality of life in the intensive-care-unit survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Piccirillo
- Otolaryngology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Medical and Experimental Head and Neck Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vittori
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, ARCO ROMA, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Ionna
- Otolaryngology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- SSD Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marco Cascella
- Unit of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 43, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
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Wittczak A, Ślot M, Bielecka-Dabrowa A. The Importance of Optimal Hydration in Patients with Heart Failure-Not Always Too Much Fluid. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2684. [PMID: 37893057 PMCID: PMC10604032 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and a major public health problem. Both overhydration and dehydration are non-physiological states of the body that can adversely affect human health. Congestion and residual congestion are common in patients hospitalized for HF and are associated with poor prognosis and high rates of rehospitalization. However, the clinical problem of dehydration is also prevalent in healthcare and community settings and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This article provides a comprehensive review of the issue of congestion and dehydration in HF, including HF guidelines, possible causes of dehydration in HF, confirmed and potential new diagnostic methods. In particular, a full database search on the relationship between dehydration and HF was performed and all available evidence in the literature was reviewed. The novel hypothesis of chronic subclinical hypohydration as a modifiable risk factor for HF is also discussed. It is concluded that maintaining euvolemia is the cornerstone of HF management. Physicians have to find a balance between decongestion therapy and the risk of dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wittczak
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Maciej Ślot
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
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