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Roszkowska AM, Spinella R, Calderone A, Sindoni M, Wowra BH, Kozak M, Sajak-Hydzik K, Aliò J. The use of rh-NGF in the management of neurotrophic keratopathy. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 4:1408587. [PMID: 39040985 PMCID: PMC11260816 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1408587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophic keratitis or keratopathy (NK) is a degenerative corneal disease induced by impairment of the trigeminal nerve function. This condition may lead to persistent epithelial defects, corneal ulceration, and perforation. The diagnosis of NK requires a careful investigation of any ocular and systemic condition associated with the disease and ocular surface and corneal sensitivity examinations. In the past, several medical and surgical procedures were used to treat this condition with different clinical effectiveness. Cenegermin is a recombinant human nerve growth factor (rh-NGF) that supports corneal reinnervation. Different clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of topical cenegermin in patients with moderate to severe neurotrophic keratitis. In this review, we report the literature on clinical results regarding the treatment of NK with cenegermin since its approval by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 and 2018, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Roszkowska
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rosaria Spinella
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Calderone
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marianna Sindoni
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Bogumił H. Wowra
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maciej Kozak
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sajak-Hydzik
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jorge Aliò
- Ophthalmology Department, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
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Eleiwa TK, Khater AA, Elhusseiny AM. Topical insulin in neurotrophic keratopathy after diabetic vitrectomy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10986. [PMID: 38744994 PMCID: PMC11094097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the efficacy and safety of topical insulin (TI) for treating neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) within one-month post-diabetic vitrectomy (DV) compared to conventional non-invasive measures, we conducted this retrospective case-control study including all eyes that developed acute NK (stages 2 and 3) following DV between October 2020 and June 2023. The control group included NK cases managed with preservative-free lubricant eye drops and prophylactic topical antibiotics. In contrast, the study group included NK cases treated with TI [1 unit per drop] four times daily, in addition to the previously mentioned treatment. The primary outcome measure was time to epithelial healing. Secondary outcome measures included any adverse effect of TI or the need for amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT). During the study period, 19 patients with a mean age of 49.3 ± 8.6 years received TI versus 18 controls with a mean age of 52.5 ± 10.7 years. Corneal epithelial healing was significantly faster in the TI-treated group compared to controls, with a mean difference of 12.16 days (95% CI 6.1-18.3, P = 0.001). Survival analysis indicated that the insulin-treated group had 0% and 20% of NK stages 2 and 3, respectively, that failed to achieve corneal epithelial healing, compared to 20% and 66.7% for the control group (P < 0.001). In the control group, two eyes required AMT due to progressive thinning. Additionally, three patients in the control group, progressing to stage 3 NK, were switched to TI, achieving healing after a mean of 14 days. No adverse effects were reported in the TI-treated group. Our study suggests that TI can effectively and safely promote the healing of NK after DV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher K Eleiwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Khater
- Department of Ophthalmology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr. Al-Ainy Hospitals, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Krok M, Wróblewska-Czajka E, Łach-Wojnarowicz O, Bronikowska J, Czuba ZP, Wylęgała E, Dobrowolski D. Level of Secretion and the Role of the Nerve Growth Factor in Patients with Keratoconus before and after Collagen Fibre Cross-Linking Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:366. [PMID: 38203537 PMCID: PMC10779167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyse the concentration of the nerve growth factor (NGF-β) in patients with keratoconus (KC) who are undergoing collagen fibre cross-linking (CXL) surgery in order to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease and observe the molecular changes occurring after the procedure. Among many cytokines, β-NGF seems to play an important role in the healing processes of corneal damage. Therefore, its role in the regenerative process after CXL treatment may affect the course of treatment and its final results. Tear samples from 52 patients were collected in this prospective study. Additionally, the patients also had a number of tests performed, including corneal topography using optical coherence tomography. Flat (K 1), steep (K 2), cylindrical (CYL), and central corneal thickness (CCT) keratometry were assessed. The tear samples were collected, and other tests were performed before the CXL procedure and afterwards, during the 12-month follow-up period. The NGF concentration was measured using the Bio-Plex Magnetic Luminex Assay. Lower levels of NGF-β were detected in the KC patients than in the control group (p < 0.001). The day after the procedure, the NGF-β level was significantly lower (on average by 2.3 pg/mL) (p = 0.037) than before the procedure, after which, the level of the reagent increases, but only in the group with the advanced cone, one month after CXL it was significantly higher (p = 0.047). Regarding the correlation of NGF with topographic measurements, the following were found: NGF-β correlates significantly (p < 0.05) and positively (r > 0) with K1 before the CXL procedure; NGF-β correlates significantly (p < 0.05) and positively (r > 0) with K1 one month after CXL; NGF-β correlates significantly (p < 0.05) and positively (r > 0) with CYL nine months after CXL; and, after twelve months, NGF-β correlates significantly (p < 0.05) and positively (r > 0) with K2 and K1. Corneal sensitivity did not statistically and significantly correlate with the level of NGF-β secretion. Our study suggests that NGF may be crucial in the development and progression of KC as well as in the repair mechanisms after CXL surgery. Further research is needed on the role of NGF and other inflammatory biomarkers for rapid diagnosis and selection of targeted therapy in patients with keratoconus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krok
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Panewnicka 65 Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland; (E.W.-C.); (O.Ł.-W.); (E.W.); (D.D.)
- Ophthalmology of Department, District Railway Hospital, 65 Panewnicka Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Wróblewska-Czajka
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Panewnicka 65 Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland; (E.W.-C.); (O.Ł.-W.); (E.W.); (D.D.)
- Ophthalmology of Department, District Railway Hospital, 65 Panewnicka Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
| | - Olga Łach-Wojnarowicz
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Panewnicka 65 Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland; (E.W.-C.); (O.Ł.-W.); (E.W.); (D.D.)
- Ophthalmology of Department with Paediatric Unit, St. Barbara Hospital, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Bronikowska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Zenon P. Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Edward Wylęgała
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Panewnicka 65 Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland; (E.W.-C.); (O.Ł.-W.); (E.W.); (D.D.)
- Ophthalmology of Department, District Railway Hospital, 65 Panewnicka Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Dobrowolski
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Panewnicka 65 Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland; (E.W.-C.); (O.Ł.-W.); (E.W.); (D.D.)
- Ophthalmology of Department, District Railway Hospital, 65 Panewnicka Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
- Ophthalmology of Department with Paediatric Unit, St. Barbara Hospital, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Sayed MS, Khodeiry MM, Elhusseiny AM, Sabater AL, Lee RK. Neurotrophic Keratopathy After Slow Coagulation Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation. Cornea 2023; 42:1582-1585. [PMID: 37535806 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Decreased corneal sensation and subsequent neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is an uncommon complication after transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC). Post-TSCPC NK has been rarely reported in the literature, predominantly after traditional, "pop technique" continuous-wave TSCPC or micropulse CPC. The authors report the first case series of NK after slow-coagulation TSCPC (SC-TSCPC). METHODS This was a respective chart review of patients who developed NK after SC-TSCPC. The collected data included demographic data, type of glaucoma, risk factors for corneal anesthesia in addition to the number of laser spots, and the extent of the treated area. RESULTS Four eyes experienced NK after SC-TSCPC. The median time for the development of NK was 4 weeks. At the final visit, 2 patients had a resolution of NK, 1 had a persistent corneal ulcer, and 1 had worsening NK and corneal perforation. CONCLUSIONS NK is a rare but a vision-threatening complication that can develop after SC-TSCPC in patients with risk factors for decreased corneal sensation. Early diagnosis and proper management are crucial to reducing the risk of vision loss and improving the prognosis of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Sayed
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Moorfields Eye Hospital Dubai, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Mohamed M Khodeiry
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; and
| | - Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Harvey & Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Alfonso L Sabater
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Richard K Lee
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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A, B, C's of Trk Receptors and Their Ligands in Ocular Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214069. [PMID: 36430547 PMCID: PMC9695972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a family of closely related secreted proteins that promote differentiation, development, and survival of neurons, which include nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4. All neurotrophins signal through tropomyosin receptor kinases (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) which are more selective to NGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin-3, respectively. NGF is the most studied neurotrophin in the ocular surface and a human recombinant NGF has reached clinics, having been approved to treat neurotrophic keratitis. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4 are less studied neurotrophins in the ocular surface, even though brain-derived neurotrophic factor is well characterized in glaucoma, retina, and neuroscience. Recently, neurotrophin analogs with panTrk activity and TrkC selectivity have shown promise as novel drugs for treating dry eye disease. In this review, we discuss the biology of the neurotrophin family, its role in corneal homeostasis, and its use in treating ocular surface diseases. There is an unmet need to investigate parenteral neurotrophins and its analogs that activate TrkB and TrkC selectively.
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