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Hailu Tesfaye A, Desye B, Engdaw GT. Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among cashiers in small-scale businesses: a cross-sectional study in Ethiopia. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070746. [PMID: 37474194 PMCID: PMC10360433 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders among cashiers in small-scale businesses in Northwestern Ethiopia. DESIGN A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2022. The data were collected using a validated and standardised Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EpiData V.4.6 and analysed using Stata V.14. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain the significance of associations at p<0.05 and the adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI. SETTING The study was conducted in small-scale businesses in the North Gondar Zone. PARTICIPANTS A total of 618 cashiers participated in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome of the study is the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, which was measured using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. RESULTS The response rate was 97.5% (N=618). The majority (373; 60.4%) of the study participants were female. The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 30 (±8.3) years. The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders during the last 12 months was found to be 75.4% (n=466) (95% CI 71.8%, 78.8%). Marital status (married) (AOR=2.12; 95% CI 1.26, 3.56), lack of physical exercise (AOR=2.07; 95% CI 1.32, 3.23), alcohol consumption (AOR=3.55; 95% CI 2.18, 5.78) and awkward work posture (AOR=2.40; 95% CI 1.43, 4.0) were significant factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders among sampled cashiers. CONCLUSION This study concluded that the overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was high among cashiers in small-scale businesses. Being married, a lack of physical exercise, alcohol consumption and awkward work posture were significant factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. To reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders, it is recommended taking part in physical activity, avoiding alcohol consumption and avoiding awkward work posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Desye
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Garedew Tadege Engdaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Gemedo S, Andualem Z, Hailu Tesfaye A, Dessie A. Magnitude and influencing factors of work-related low back pain among high school teachers in West Arsi zone, Southwest Ethiopia: evidenced from multicentred cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074014. [PMID: 37460260 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of low back pain and its associated factors among high school teachers in the West Arsi zone, Southwest Ethiopia. DESIGN A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2020. A self-administered structured Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to assess low back pain during the past 12 months. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was carried out using Stata V.14. The degree of significance was obtained at a 95% CI and p<0.05. SETTING The study was conducted in the West Arsi zone, Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 602 teachers participated in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome is the prevalence of low back pain. RESULTS The prevalence of low back pain during the last 12 months was found to be 63.73% (95% CI 59.77% to 67.70%). About 225 (39.61%) teachers experienced moderate pain, and (89.79%) of them had a minimal disability. Being unmarried (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.79), prolonged standing (AOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.60), sleeping disturbance (AOR 3.22, 95% CI 1.41 to 7.36), regular physical activity (AOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.84), current smoker (AOR 2.83, 95% CI 1.04 to 7.67), lifting heavy load (AOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.28), psychological job demand (AOR 2.86, 95% CI 1.69 to 4.84) and job satisfaction (AOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.79) were associated with low back pain. CONCLUSION The prevalence of low back pain was high in this study. Prolonged standing, sleep disruption, heavy load lifting, cigarette smoking and psychological job demand were risk factors for low back pain. Physical exercise and workplace satisfaction were effective interventions. Emphasis should now be put on ergonomics, regular physical activity and psychosocial factors to lessen the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambel Gemedo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zewudu Andualem
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Awrajaw Dessie
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Tesfaye AH, Engdaw GT, Aragaw FM, Kabito GG. Prevalence and risk factors of work-related contact dermatitis symptoms among healthcare cleaners during the COVID-19 pandemic in Northwest Ethiopia: a multicentre cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e069019. [PMID: 36446456 PMCID: PMC9710345 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of work-related contact dermatitis (WRCD) symptoms among cleaners working in healthcare institutions in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2021. An interviewer-administered standardised Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire, V.2002 (NOSQ-2002) was used to assess WRCD. The collected data were entered into EpiData V.4.6 and analysed using Stata V.14 software. The association between dependent and independent variables was computed with a binary logistic regression. The association was determined using an adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI at a p value of <0.05. SETTING The study was conducted in Gondar city healthcare institutions, Northwestern Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 409 cleaners participated in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome is the prevalence of WRCD symptoms, which was measured using the NOSQ-2002. RESULTS The response rate was 95.6%. The majority, 302 (73.8%), of the study participants were female. The mean age (±SD) was 31 (±7.87) years old. The overall prevalence of self-reported WRCD during the last 12 months was 213 (52.1%) (95% CI (47.1% to 57.0%)). The highest symptoms reported were skin redness, 51.6% (n=110), and the most affected skin body sites were hands (hand dermatitis), 74.2% (n=158). Hand washing frequency more than 20 times per day (AOR=1.73, 95% CI (1.03 to 2.92)), personal history of eczema (AOR=1.46, 95% CI (1.01 to 2.42)) and lack of training on skin hazards (AOR=2.06, 95% CI (1.16 to 3.63)) were factors influencing the occurrence of WRCD. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the prevalence of WRCD is common during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adjusting hand washing frequency per day, educating people with atopy about the avoidance of exposure to skin irritants and providing training on skin hazards were recommended to minimise the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Garedew Tadege Engdaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fantu Mamo Aragaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebisa Guyasa Kabito
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Zenbaba D, Sahiledengle B, Dibaba D, Tufa T, Mamo A, Atlaw D. Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Associated Factors Among Academic Staff in Ethiopian Universities. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221131690. [PMID: 36325376 PMCID: PMC9619926 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221131690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms (WMSs) are common injuries or pains that primarily affect various body structures. It is difficult to estimate the burden of WMSs in developing countries such as Ethiopia due to a lack of evidence, particularly among university academic staff. There is a universal and rapidly growing need for information about WMSs, as this is the main challenge to public health and economic burden. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and their associated factors among academic staff in Ethiopian universities. METHODS From February 2 to March 24, 2021, a web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 academic staff members working in Ethiopian universities. A structured and self-administered Google Form questionnaire was sent and shared with the academic staff via their email addresses, Facebook, and Telegram accounts. Using a p-value of <0.05 and a 95% confidence interval, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. RESULTS Around 321 (77.2%) of the 416 participants were reported to have work-related musculoskeletal symptoms at least in one part of the body (95% CI: 73.1, 81.5%), with 28.1% reporting lower back pain. Respondents working in second-stage universities (AOR = 7.35, 95% CI 3.21, 16.79), being 44 years old or older (AOR = 7.89, 95% CI 2.10, 21.57), having a Ph.D. (AOR = 7.09, 95% CI 1.50, 17.93), engaging in physical activity (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI 1.43, 7.74), and working on a computer (AOR = 6.89, 95% CI 2. 0.72, 19.15) were the factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal symptoms. CONCLUSION Almost three-quarters of academic staff reported work-related musculoskeletal symptoms in this survey. Factors such as university establishment stage, age, educational status, physical activity, and frequent computer use were found to be significantly associated with work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demisu Zenbaba
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral
Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Bale-Goba,
Ethiopia
| | - Biniyam Sahiledengle
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral
Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Bale-Goba,
Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Dibaba
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral
Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Bale-Goba,
Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Tufa
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral
Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Bale-Goba,
Ethiopia
| | - Ayele Mamo
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral
Hospital, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Atlaw
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral
Hospital, School of Medicine, Department Biomedical, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia
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Hailu Tesfaye A, Alemayehu M, Abere G, Kabito GG. Risk factors for the prevalence of poor sleep quality in lecturers during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066024. [PMID: 36198464 PMCID: PMC9534775 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and risk factors of poor sleep quality (SQ) among the academic staff at the University of Gondar, Northwestern Ethiopia. DESIGN An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2021. A validated, self-administered, standardised Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to quantify the amount of self-reported poor SQ. The collected data were entered into EpiData V.4.6 and analysed using Stata V.14 software. Binary logistic regressions were computed to determine the association between variables. The association was determined using an adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI at a p value of <0.05. SETTING The study was conducted at the University of Gondar, Northwestern Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 607 lecturers participated in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome is the prevalence of poor SQ, which was measured using the PSQI. RESULTS Overall response rate was 95.60% (N=607). The age of the participants ranges from 21 to 70 with a mean of 32.39 (SD±6.80) years. The magnitude of poor SQ during the COVID-19 pandemic in the last month was 60.30% (95% CI (56.28% to 64.21%)). Working greater than 10 hours per day (AOR=2.19, 95% CI (1.16 to 4.27)), electronic device use before bedtime (AOR=1.53, 95% CI (1.04 to 2.27)), high-risk perception of COVID-19 infections (AOR=1.60, 95% CI (1.04 to 2.46)) and perceived job stress (AOR=2.15 (95% CI (1.50 to 3.08)) were risk factors for poor SQ. CONCLUSION The study revealed that the prevalence of poor SQ was high during the COVID-19 pandemic. The finding highlights the importance of optimising the working hours per day, minimising electronic device use before bedtime, promoting risk perception toward COVID-19 infection and developing workplace coping strategies for stress, which play a substantial role in minimising poor SQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - M Alemayehu
- Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Giziew Abere
- Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebisa Guyasa Kabito
- Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Abebe AB, Ayele TA, Miller J. Evaluating the validity of the Amharic Brief Pain Inventory among people with chronic primary musculoskeletal pain in Ethiopia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:875. [PMID: 36131337 PMCID: PMC9490988 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is a multidimensional pain assessment tool used to evaluate pain severity and pain interference. The BPI has been translated and validity estimated across multiple languages and patient populations for clinical and research settings. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of Amharic BPI test scores among patients with chronic primary musculoskeletal pain living in Ethiopia. METHODS This study had two parts: cognitive interviews and psychometric testing. An expert committee reviewed the Amharic BPI, and fifteen participants participated in the cognitive interviews. The results from the cognitive interviews were evaluated, and the committee approved recommendations for the tool prior to psychometric testing. Two hundred and sixty-nine patients were recruited from three sites for the psychometric testing. The results were summarised using descriptive statistics. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to estimate the internal consistency. To assess test-retest reliability, the intraclass coefficient was examined, and a Bland-Altman plot was created. Construct validity was determined using confirmatory factor analysis by testing BPI's previously suggested two or three-factor dimensionalities. Convergent validity was assessed by estimating the correlation between the Amharic BPI and SF-36 subscales. RESULTS The Amharic BPI scores showed a good internal consistency using a 2-factor model with α = 0.89 for pain severity and α = 0.91 for pain interference. Good internal consistency was also observed in the 3-factor model, with α = 0.89 for pain severity, α = 0.84 for activity interference, and α = 0.86 for affective interference items. The test-retest reliability testing resulted in an ICC = 0.82 for pain severity and ICC = 0.90 for the pain interference. The severity scale had the highest correlation with bodily pain subscale of the SF-36 at r = - 0.44, and the interference scale with Physical functioning scale of SF-36 at r = - 0.63. Confirmatory factor analysis support rating Amharic BPI using a two-factor approach. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that Amharic BPI scores demonstrate internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity among patients with chronic primary musculoskeletal pain in Ethiopia. Accordingly, the tool can be used in clinical practice or research in similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abey Bekele Abebe
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada. .,Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Tadesse Awoke Ayele
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Jordan Miller
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Work-Related Upper Extremity Disorders among University Teaching Staff in Ethiopia, 2021: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:7744879. [PMID: 35607318 PMCID: PMC9124139 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7744879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Work-related upper extremity disorders (WRUEDs) are aches, pains, tension, and discomfort in the neck, shoulders, arms, wrists, hands, and fingers. The situation is escalating in educational sectors due to a lousy working environment intertwined with extracurricular deeds. However, empirical evidence focusing on academicians in higher education society is negligible. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence and risk factors of WRUEDs among university teaching staff in Ethiopia. Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study design from March to April 2021. A sample of 607 academicians were recruited using a stratified sampling technique, and a self-administered structured Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to assess upper extremity disorders during the past 12 months. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 14 software. The association between dependent and independent variables was computed with a binary logistic regression. The association was ascertained using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p value of <0.05. Results A total of 607 participants correctly completed the questionnaire (response rate of 95.44%). Age ranges from 21 to 70 with a mean of 32.39 (SD ± 6.80)) years, and the majority (76.28%) of them were males. The prevalence of WRUED during the last 12 months was 59.14% [95% CI (55.1, 63.1)]. There is no significant difference in prevalence between males and females (45.14% versus 14%), respectively; χ2 = 0.001; p=0.974. Working more than 8 hours per day [AOR: 2.37; 95% CI (1.40, 4.00)], not performing physical exercise [AOR: 2.34; 95% CI (1.6, 3.45)], and job dissatisfaction [AOR: 2.50; 95% CI (1.69, 3.68)] were factors significantly increased the risk of experiencing WRUEDs. Conclusion This study divulged upper extremity disorder among university teaching staff is pervasive, with more than three-fifth of the academicians were suffering from the condition, and it also indicates that males experienced higher proportions of pain than females. The manifestation of upper extremity disorder was affected by working hours per day, physical activity, and job satisfaction. Optimizing working hours, having a group regular exercise, and proper management of workplace conditions related to job satisfaction are recommended to lessen the condition.
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