1
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Molinelli E, Gioacchini H, Marani A, Rizzetto G, Gambini D, De Simoni E, Offidani A, Simonetti O. Topical and Systemic Retinoids in the Management of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2024; 14:1079-1091. [PMID: 38700645 PMCID: PMC11116334 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-024-01169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating chronic skin disorder characterized by painful inflammatory nodules, abscesses and sinus tracts involving intertriginous areas and has an adverse impact on patient quality of life. Over the past decade, the therapeutic options of HS have increased significantly to comprise multiple modalities, including topical medication, systemic therapies (mainly antibiotics, retinoids, and biologics), surgical approaches, and lifestyle modifications. Biologics alone or in combination with surgery remain the treatment of choice for moderate to severe disease. However, non-biologic therapies (including retinoids) may be used as monotherapy for mild disease and in combination with biologics and surgical treatment in moderate to severe disease. Retinoids, specifically isotretinoin, acitretin, and alitretinoin, are historically used in the management of HS, supported by anecdotal evidence and with variable treatment response. Although the current American and European guidelines offer different recommendations on the use of retinoids in HS, retinoids remain a valuable ally in HS management. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current scientific literature on retinoid therapy (topical and systemic) in HS, highlighting disparities in mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety to clarify their role in HS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Molinelli
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Helena Gioacchini
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Marani
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulio Rizzetto
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daisy Gambini
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Edoardo De Simoni
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oriana Simonetti
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
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2
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Eichinger JM, Shan DM, Greenzaid JD, Anakwenze L, Feldman SR. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral systemic nonbiologic therapies for psoriasis patients. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:249-262. [PMID: 38529623 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2335310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune condition. Treatments for psoriasis vary with disease severity, ranging from topicals to systemic biologic agents. The pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of these therapies establish drug efficacy, toxicity, and optimal dosing to ensure therapeutic drug levels are sustained and adverse effects are minimized. AREAS COVERED A literature search was performed on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Ovid MEDLINE for PK and PD, efficacy, and safety data regarding oral systemic nonbiologic therapies utilized for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. The findings were organized into sections for each drug: oral acitretin, methotrexate, cyclosporine, apremilast, tofacitinib, and deucravacitinib. EXPERT OPINION Some psoriasis patients may not respond to initial therapy. Ongoing research is evaluating genetic polymorphisms that may predict an improved response to specific medications. However, financial and insurance barriers, as well as limited genetic polymorphisms correlated with treatment response, may restrict the implementation of genetic testing necessary to personalize treatments. How well psoriasis patients adhere to treatment may contribute greatly to variation in response. Therapeutic drug monitoring may help patients adhere to treatment, improve clinical response, and sustain disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya M Shan
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Greenzaid
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Anakwenze
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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3
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Bertolini GR, Teixeira LR, Chahud F, Elias D, da Silva Souza C, Lourenço AG, Motta ACF. Oral mucosa and cutaneous manifestations of psoriasis in an older patient: A case report. Gerodontology 2023; 40:518-522. [PMID: 37971285 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a common cutaneous disease; however, information about psoriasis-related oral mucosal lesions is scarce in the literature. CASE DESCRIPTION We report a case of a 73-year-old male patient with cutaneous and oral palatal alterations. An incisional biopsy of these lesions revealed psoriasis. CONCLUSION The current case highlights the importance of a systematic examination of the oral cavity in psoriasis patients for the appropriate diagnosis and management on the control of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Ricardo Bertolini
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ribeiro Teixeira
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Chahud
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Elias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cacilda da Silva Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan Grupioni Lourenço
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Fragoso Motta
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Valette C, Jonca N, Fischer J, Pernin-Grandjean J, Granier Tournier C, Diociaiuti A, Neri I, Dreyfus I, Furman M, Giehl K, Wollenberg A, Mallet S, Martin L, Martin-Santiago A, Onnis G, Broue P, Leclerc-Mercier S, Schmuth M, Sprecher E, Gruber R, Suessmuth K, Bourrat E, Komlosi K, Hill S, O'Toole EA, Schischmanoff O, Caux F, Mazereeuw-Hautier J. A retrospective study on the liver toxicity of oral retinoids in Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:e1237-e1241. [PMID: 37257069 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Valette
- Reference Centre for Rare Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Larrey Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - N Jonca
- Infinity, University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Cytologie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Hôpital Purpan, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - J Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Pernin-Grandjean
- Infinity, University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Cytologie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Hôpital Purpan, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - C Granier Tournier
- Reference Centre for Rare Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Larrey Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - I Neri
- Department of Dermatology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - I Dreyfus
- Reference Centre for Rare Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Larrey Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - M Furman
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - K Giehl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Mallet
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Center of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - L Martin
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Center of Angers, Angers, France
| | - A Martin-Santiago
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - G Onnis
- Reference Centre for Rare Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Larrey Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - P Broue
- Pediatric Hepatology and Reference Centre for Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - S Leclerc-Mercier
- Department of Pathology and Reference Center for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), Necker- Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - M Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Medical University of Innsbruck and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Paediatric Dermatology and Rare Diseases, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - R Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Medical University of Innsbruck and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Paediatric Dermatology and Rare Diseases, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Suessmuth
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - E Bourrat
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of General Paediatrics, Robert-Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - K Komlosi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Hill
- Department of Dermatology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust ERN-Skin, London, UK
| | - E A O'Toole
- Department of Dermatology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust ERN-Skin, London, UK
| | - O Schischmanoff
- Department of Dermatology, MAGEC, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, AP-HP and INSERM UMR1125, Bobigny, France
| | - F Caux
- Department of Dermatology, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, AP-HP and INSERM UMR1125, Bobigny, France
| | - J Mazereeuw-Hautier
- Reference Centre for Rare Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Larrey Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Infinity, University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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5
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Deng X, Wang Y, Jiang L, Li J, Chen Q. Updates on immunological mechanistic insights and targeting of the oral lichen planus microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1023213. [PMID: 36700192 PMCID: PMC9870618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune inflammatory disease that is an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), occurs in the oral mucosa and affects approximately 0.5% to 4% of the general population. There are usually five types of OLP: reticular/papular, plaque-like, atrophic/erythematous, erosive/ulcerative, and bullous. Furthermore, the chance of causing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is 1.4%. Although the etiology of OLP is still unknown, accumulating evidence supports that immune dysregulation may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of OLP, especially the massive production of various inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators. In this review, we focus on the relationship between OLP and its immune microenvironment. We summarize current developments in the immunology of OLP, summarizing functional cell types and crucial cytokines in the OLP immune microenvironment and the underlying mechanisms of key signaling pathways in the OLP immune microenvironment. We highlight the application potential of targeted immune microenvironment therapy for OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lu Jiang
- *Correspondence: Jing Li, ; Lu Jiang,
| | - Jing Li
- *Correspondence: Jing Li, ; Lu Jiang,
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6
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Cai A, Liu N, Lin Z, Li X, Wang J, Wu Y, Gao K, Jiang Y. In Vitro Effects of Acitretin on Human Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:72-81. [PMID: 35987975 PMCID: PMC9822877 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acitretin is an oral drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration that is commonly used to treat psoriasis. In recent years, acitretin has been identified as a candidate drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, but its role in neuronal development is still unclear. In this study, the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was used as a model to study neuronal differentiation. We found that acitretin effectively promoted the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells into neuronal cells and upregulated the expression of the neuronal marker β-III tubulin and the mature neuronal marker NFH. Differentially expressed genes were identified by RNA sequencing and analyzed by bioinformatics approaches. The results showed that genes associated with neuron development-related pathways, such as SSPO and KCNT1, had significant changes in expression. Analysis showed that PRKCA and CAMK2B may play important roles in the process by which acitretin promotes neurodevelopment. Through whole-cell patch clamping and a microelectrode array assay, we found that acitretin-treated neurons generated electrical spikes similar to those generated by mature neurons. This study provided evidence to support an accessible and safe model of neuron-like cells and verified that acitretin can promote the differentiation of neurons and has the potential to treat brain tumors and neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aojie Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China
- Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China
- Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zehong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China
- Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China
- Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China
- Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China
- Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China.
- Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China.
- Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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7
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Meena A, Sarkar R. Acitretin in dermatology. APOLLO MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/am.am_145_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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8
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Silva-Hirschberg C, Cabrera R, Rollán MP, Castro A. Darier disease: the use of dermoscopy in monitoring acitretin treatment. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:644-647. [PMID: 35853773 PMCID: PMC9453516 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Darier disease is an uncommon autosomal dominant inherited disease, caused by a mutation in the ATP2A2 gene. The clinical findings are hyperkeratotic papules on the trunk, scalp, face, and neck, maceration of intertriginous areas, palmar pits, whitish papules on the oral mucosa and nail abnormalities. The main histopathologic findings are acantholysis and dyskeratotic keratinocytes. Dermatoscopic features are comedo-like openings with a central polygonal yellowish/brownish structure, surrounded by a whitish halo. First-line treatment includes acitretin. Five reports have been published describing Darier disease dermatoscopic findings. Herein, we report for the first time a patient under acitretin treatment and dermatoscopic follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Silva-Hirschberg
- Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Raúl Cabrera
- Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Rollán
- Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex Castro
- Department of Pathology, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Schwartz RJ, Ho G, Smith A, Collgros H, Regio Pereira A, Gouveia B, Long GV, Menzies AM, Potter AJ, Paver E, Star P, Scolyer RA, Martin LK. Successful treatment of eruptive keratoacanthomas with actitretin for patients on checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e445-e448. [PMID: 35043483 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo J Schwartz
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Genevieve Ho
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Annika Smith
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helena Collgros
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amanda Regio Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gouveia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison J Potter
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Tissue and Pathology Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Paver
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Tissue and Pathology Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Phoebe Star
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Tissue and Pathology Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Linda K Martin
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Martinez-Moreno A, Ocampo-Candiani J, Garza-Rodriguez V. Psoriasis and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Korean J Fam Med 2021; 42:345-355. [PMID: 32512983 PMCID: PMC8490176 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.20.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune, and inflammatory disease that affects 2% of the world's population. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that psoriasis confers a 25% increase in relative risk of cardiovascular disease, independent of factors such as hyperlipidemia, smoking, and obesity. The objective of this review was to analyze and describe the association between psoriasis and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we describe the epidemiological association of psoriasis and cardiovascular disease, pathophysiology, mechanisms, and its association with the well-known cardiovascular risk calculators. In addition, we describe diagnostic tools, such as imaging techniques and novel biomarkers, that are useful in the evaluation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Finally, we present different systemic therapies that are used in patients with psoriasis and their effect on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This article provides an overview of the current literature on psoriasis and cardiovascular risk, which can be useful for primary care physicians in their daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Martinez-Moreno
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Veronica Garza-Rodriguez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
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11
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Yendo TM, Miyamoto D, Santi CG. Systemic retinoid treatment in a case of hyperkeratotic lichenoid paraneoplastic pemphigus. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:231-233. [PMID: 34351632 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Mina Yendo
- Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Miyamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia G Santi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Frew JW, Marzano AV, Wolk K, Join-Lambert O, Alavi A, Lowes MA, Piguet V. A Systematic Review of Promising Therapeutic Targets in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Critical Evaluation of Mechanistic and Clinical Relevance. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:316-324.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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de Oliveira RTG, Agostinho GLPL, Granja R, Oyafuso LKM, Criado PR. Socioeconomic impact of high-cost drugs in Brazilian dermatology. Legal and financial aspects, and impact on clinical practice. An Bras Dermatol 2021; 96:200-209. [PMID: 33573869 PMCID: PMC8007493 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The technological advancement of the pharmaceutical industry, resulting from the techniques of molecular biology and expansion of the knowledge of immunopathogenesis, has modified the therapeutic arsenal used in dermatology. Scientific research and regulatory standards cause drug costs to rise, thus making their use impossible in most public policies. In order to make high-cost drugs viable in the public health network, the Specialized Pharmaceutical Assistance Component was created. However, despite the frequent incorporation of medications, the constant requirement of drugs through lawsuits leads to exorbitant costs to the state budget. The present work analyzed through a descriptive observational study, the current situation of the Specialized Component and the involvement of medicines used in dermatology, through legal reviews, financial analyses, and medical articles, aiming at future incorporations for the specialty. When assessing the legal demands for dermatological drugs in the state of São Paulo, the specialty still has a low participation and psoriasis is the main disease involved in requiring drugs through the judicial system in the state. New methods of access to raw materials must be created to reduce legal issues. Cost-effectiveness and public planning studies are mandatory for incorporating new dermatological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rubens Granja
- Civil Law Discipline, School of Law, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Peng JM, Xiao XM, Chen JW, Chen LF, Cheng B, Ji MK, Zhang ZH. Novel mutation in MVK gene for co-occurrence of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis with porokeratosis ptychotropica. J Dermatol 2021; 48:e137-e139. [PMID: 33458876 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Peng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xue-Min Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Fen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming-Kai Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical Collage, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng-Hua Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Long T, Li X, Zhang G, Qiu C, Huan O, Sun C, Yang Y. Single nucleotide polymorphism mutation related genes in bladder cancer for the treatment of patients: a study based on the TCGA database. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1864231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tengyun Long
- Department of Urology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei City, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoni Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Guofei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Chunming Qiu
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ouyang Huan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Afiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Canbiao Sun
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, PR China
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KOVTUN VB. RETINOIDS IN DERMATOLOGY:FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY AND PROSPECTS OF SYNTHETIC ANALOGUES. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech13.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work was to analyze and summarize information on the functional activity of known retinoids, as well as to determine the directions of their modification and prospects for the use of their synthetic analogues in dermatology. The literature on retinoids metabolism stages in the human body, the mechanisms of their action and the properties that determine their use in various medical fields was considered and analyzed. Information on dermatological diseases treatment with natural retinoids and their synthetic analogues was summarized. The modern classification of retinoids based on the peculiarities of their chemical structure and functional activity is given, the relationship between these characteristics and the direction of use of such drugs in dermatology and cosmetology is shown. Prospects for the practical application of synthetic retinoids represented mainly by polyaromatic compounds are due to their higher stability and efficiency, as well as reduced irritant effect due to selectivity for nuclear receptors.
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Kuleshov MV, Stein DJ, Clarke DJ, Kropiwnicki E, Jagodnik KM, Bartal A, Evangelista JE, Hom J, Cheng M, Bailey A, Zhou A, Ferguson LB, Lachmann A, Ma'ayan A. The COVID-19 Drug and Gene Set Library. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 1:100090. [PMID: 32838343 PMCID: PMC7381899 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In a short period, many research publications that report sets of experimentally validated drugs as potential COVID-19 therapies have emerged. To organize this accumulating knowledge, we developed the COVID-19 Drug and Gene Set Library (https://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/covid19/), a collection of drug and gene sets related to COVID-19 research from multiple sources. The platform enables users to view, download, analyze, visualize, and contribute drug and gene sets related to COVID-19 research. To evaluate the content of the library, we compared the results from six in vitro drug screens for COVID-19 repurposing candidates. Surprisingly, we observe low overlap across screens while highlighting overlapping candidates that should receive more attention as potential therapeutics for COVID-19. Overall, the COVID-19 Drug and Gene Set Library can be used to identify community consensus, make researchers and clinicians aware of new potential therapies, enable machine-learning applications, and facilitate the research community to work together toward a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V. Kuleshov
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC), Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel J. Stein
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC), Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel J.B. Clarke
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC), Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eryk Kropiwnicki
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC), Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Jagodnik
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC), Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alon Bartal
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC), Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - John E. Evangelista
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC), Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jason Hom
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC), Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Minxuan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC), Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Allison Bailey
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC), Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Abigail Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC), Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laura B. Ferguson
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity Street, Bldg B, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alexander Lachmann
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC), Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Big Data to Knowledge, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, Data Coordination and Integration Center (BD2K-LINCS DCIC), Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Fox E, Elghobashy M, Hamad H, Moiemen N, El-Ghobashy A. Oral retinoid, acitretin, is effective in the management of resistant recurrent vulval verrucous carcinoma: A case report. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:2179-2184. [PMID: 32755050 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Verrucous carcinomas are a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Vulval verrucous carcinoma comprises only 1% of vulval malignancies. This case report discusses the successful management of aggressive recurrent vulval verrucous carcinoma with acitretin, an oral synthetic retinoid used to manage severe psoriasis, after multiple surgical interventions and radiotherapy had failed. This is the first reported case in which verrucous carcinoma had recurred in a musculocutaneous graft. To manage the recurrence, the patient underwent radiotherapy, which did not resolve the condition. The patient was then administered acitretin 25 mg once daily, which successfully resolved the condition, and the patient has been symptom free for 6 months. This report aims to propose the use of acitretin as a management option for recurrent verrucous carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Fox
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, The Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Mirna Elghobashy
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hamdi Hamad
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trusts, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Naiem Moiemen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Alaa El-Ghobashy
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, The Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
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Role and mechanism of matrine alone and combined with acitretin for HaCaT cells and psoriasis-like murine models. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:2079-2088. [PMID: 31460901 PMCID: PMC6793800 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acitretin and matrine have been used in the treatment of psoriasis in China. This study was designed to investigate the role and related mechanisms of matrine alone and in combination with acitretin in the treatment of psoriasis in vitro and in vivo. METHODS HaCaT cells were treated with matrine at different concentrations of 0 (blank control), 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/mL for 24, 48, 72 h, respectively. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium cell viability assay was used to assess the growth and proliferation of HaCaT cells. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Expression of protein was detected by Western blotting. Autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Then HaCaT cells were assigned to normal saline (NS) control group, matrine (0.4 mg/mL) group, acitretin (10 μmol/L) group, and matrine plus acitretin group, and the above methods were repeated. In animal experiments, the cumulative score (erythema, scaling, thickening) as a measure of the severity of inflammation was used to measure the skin performance of mice after treated with matrine 50 mg/kg, acitretin 4.5 mg/kg or combination of the two drugs on the psoriasis-like mouse models, respectively. Pathological findings of the lesions were observed, and the protein expressions in the lesions were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Cell proliferation inhibition was seen in HaCaT cells with treatment of matrine in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.01, respectively). Cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest was observed in a dose-dependent way (P < 0.01). The expression of p21 (P < 0.05), LC3II/I (P < 0.01), and Beclin 1 (P < 0.01) increased and the expression of cyclin D1 (P < 0.05) decreased with increasing doses of matrine. Compared with the blank control, more autophagosomes were seen in HaCaT cells treated with matrine at 0.4 mg/mL by transmission electron microscopy (2.667 ± 1.202 vs. 21.33 ± 1.453, t = 9.899, P < 0.01). Cell proliferation inhibition and degree of the G0/G1 phase arrest was significantly higher in matrine plus acitretin group than those in matrine, acitretin, or the NS control group (P < 0.01, respectively). Compared with matrine or acitretin group, the expression of p21 (P < 0.05, P < 0.05) and LC3II/I (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in matrine plus acitretin group increased significantly and the expression of cyclin D1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and p62 (P < 0.05, P < 0.05) was reduced significantly. Compared with matrine or acitretin, matrine plus acitretin significantly down-regulated the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (P < 0.05) and its downstream p-p70S6K (P < 0.05). In addition, the cumulative score of mice in the matrine plus acitretin group was significantly better than that in the matrine or acitretin group (1.480 ± 0.230 vs. 2.370 ± 0.241, P < 0.01; 1.480 ± 0.230 vs. 2.888 ± 0.341, P < 0.01). The expression of LC3 protein in the matrine plus acitretin group was also higher than that in the matrine, acitretin, or the NS control group (P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Matrine has therapeutic potentials for psoriasis. Matrine and acitretin show synergistic effect via cell cycle arrest and autophagy induction by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Drug Development for Alzheimer's Disease: Microglia Induced Neuroinflammation as a Target? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030558. [PMID: 30696107 PMCID: PMC6386861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia. Its pathogenesis is characterized by the aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) protein in senile plaques and the hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Current medications for AD can provide temporary help with the memory symptoms and other cognitive changes of patients, however, they are not able to stop or reverse the progression of AD. New medication discovery and the development of a cure for AD is urgently in need. In this review, we summarized drugs for AD treatments and their recent updates, and discussed the potential of microglia induced neuroinflammation as a target for anti-AD drug development.
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