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Afshar M, Sadat Z, Bagheri M. The Effect of Spiritual Counseling on Hope in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY BASED NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2021; 9:313-324. [PMID: 34604400 PMCID: PMC8479289 DOI: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2021.88605.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Spiritual practices have recently emerged as beneficial to both mental and physical health. The present study was conducted to determine the effect
of spiritual counseling on hope among patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Methods: This single blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on the patients with MS in April-June 2020, Kashan, Iran.
50 patients were randomly assigned to two 25-member groups. The patients in the intervention group participated in eight 60-minute spiritual counseling program.
They were asked to fill out the demographic information questionnaire before the intervention and Herth Hope Index (HHI) before, immediately (in the 4th week of the study)
and a month after the intervention (in the 8th week of the study). Data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent samples t-test and
repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 16. The significance level was considered P<0.05. Results: The results showed that the differences between the two groups before the intervention were not statistically significant in terms of demographic variables (P>0.05)
and the mean score of hope (P=0.61). However, the total mean score of HHI in the intervention group was significantly different from the control group
immediately and a month after the intervention (44.95±1.42 VS. 31.66±2.45 and 43.25±1.84 VS. 30.58±2.24), respectively (P<0.001).
According to the results of the repeated measures ANOVA, the level of hope and its dimensions significantly changed in the intervention group over time (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that spiritual counseling promoted the hope score in patients with MS.
It is recommended that spiritual counseling should be use as a complementary therapy along with other counseling treatments to increase hope in patients with MS. Trial Registration Number: IRCT20190819044567N
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afshar
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sadat
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohhammad Bagheri
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Dadkhah M, Talei S, Doostkamel D, Molaei S, Rezaei N. The impact of COVID-19 on diagnostic biomarkers in neuropsychiatric and neuroimmunological diseases: a review. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:79-92. [PMID: 34087964 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Evidence-based emerging reports of neurological manifestations show that SARS-CoV-2 can attack the nervous system. However, little is known about the biomarkers in disease in neuropsychiatric and neuroimmunological disorders. One of the important keys in the management of COVID-19 is an accurate diagnosis. Biomarkers could provide valuable information in the early detection of disease etiology, diagnosis, further treatment, and prognosis. Moreover, ongoing investigations on hematologic, biochemical, and immunologic biomarkers in nonsevere, severe, or fatal forms of COVID-19 patients provide an urgent need for the identification of clinical and laboratory predictors. In addition, several cytokines acting through mechanisms to emerge immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection are known to play a major role in neuroinflammation. Considering the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2, which can be capable of triggering a cytokine storm, the current evidence on inflammation in psychiatry and neurodegenerative by emerging neuroinflammation is discussed in this review. We also highlighted the hematologic, biochemical, and immunologic biomarkers in COVID-19 diagnosis. COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers in patients with neuropsychiatric and neuroimmunological diseases are also explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 5618985991, Iran
| | - Sahand Talei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Donya Doostkamel
- Students Research Committee, Pharmacy School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 5618985991, Iran.,USERN Ardabil Office, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Ardabil 5618985991, Iran
| | - Soheila Molaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 5618985991, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733151, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Khan SR, Al Rijjal D, Piro A, Wheeler MB. Integration of AI and traditional medicine in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:982-992. [PMID: 33476566 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AI integration in plant-based traditional medicine could be used to overcome drug discovery challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifur R Khan
- Endocrine and Diabetes Platform, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Dana Al Rijjal
- Endocrine and Diabetes Platform, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Piro
- Endocrine and Diabetes Platform, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Endocrine and Diabetes Platform, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kapoor R, Smith KE, Allegretta M, Arnold DL, Carroll W, Comabella M, Furlan R, Harp C, Kuhle J, Leppert D, Plavina T, Sellebjerg F, Sincock C, Teunissen CE, Topalli I, von Raison F, Walker E, Fox RJ. Serum neurofilament light as a biomarker in progressive multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2020; 95:436-444. [PMID: 32675076 PMCID: PMC7538221 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need in multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy for treatments to stop progressive disability. The development of treatments may be accelerated if novel biomarkers are developed to overcome the limitations of traditional imaging outcomes revealed in early phase trials. In January 2019, the International Progressive MS Alliance convened a standing expert panel to consider potential tissue fluid biomarkers in MS in general and in progressive MS specifically. The panel focused their attention on neurofilament light chain (NfL) in serum or plasma, examining data from both relapsing and progressive MS. Here, we report the initial conclusions of the panel and its recommendations for further research. Serum NfL (sNfL) is a plausible marker of neurodegeneration that can be measured accurately, sensitively, and reproducibly, but standard procedures for sample processing and analysis should be established. Findings from relapsing and progressive cohorts concur and indicate that sNfL concentrations correlate with imaging and disability measures, predict the future course of the disease, and can predict response to treatment. Importantly, disease activity from active inflammation (i.e., new T2 and gadolinium-enhancing lesions) is a large contributor to sNfL, so teasing apart disease activity from the disease progression that drives insidious disability progression in progressive MS will be challenging. More data are required on the effects of age and comorbidities, as well as the relative contributions of inflammatory activity and other disease processes. The International Progressive MS Alliance is well positioned to advance these initiatives by connecting and supporting relevant stakeholders in progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Kapoor
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Mark Allegretta
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Douglas L Arnold
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - William Carroll
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Manuel Comabella
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Roberto Furlan
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Christopher Harp
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Jens Kuhle
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - David Leppert
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Tatiana Plavina
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Caroline Sincock
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Ilir Topalli
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Florian von Raison
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Elizabeth Walker
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic
| | - Robert J Fox
- From the University College London (R.K.), United Kingdom; National Multiple Sclerosis Society (K.E.S., M.A.), New York; McGill University (D.L.A.), Montreal, Canada; Perron Institute (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (M.C.), Barcelona, Spain; San Raffaele Scientific Institute (R.F.), Milan, Italy; Genentech/Roche (C.H.), South San Francisco; University Hospital Basel (J.K., D.L.), Switzerland; Biogen (T.P.), Boston; Quanterix Corporation (T.P.), Billerica; Rigshospitalet (F.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance (C.S.), Glasgow, United Kingdom; Amsterdam UMC (C.E.T.), the Netherlands; MedDay Pharma (I.T.), Paris, France; Novartis (F.v.R.), Basel, Switzerland; Elizabeth Walker Consulting (E.W.), Seattle; and Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (R.J.F.), Cleveland Clinic.
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Fox RJ. Feast or famine in multiple sclerosis therapeutics. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:196-197. [PMID: 31981515 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Fox
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Oh J, Alikhani K, Bruno T, Devonshire V, Giacomini PS, Giuliani F, Nakhaipour HR, Schecter R, Larochelle C. Diagnosis and management of secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis: time for change. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2019; 9:301-317. [PMID: 31769344 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the transition of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) to the secondary-progressive MS form remains a clinical challenge due to the gradual nature of the transition, superimposed relapses, the heterogeneous course of disease among patients and the absence of validated biomarkers and diagnostic tools. The uncertainty associated with the transition makes clinical care challenging for both patients and physicians. The emergence of new disease-modifying treatments for progressive MS and the increasing emphasis of nonpharmacological strategies mark a new era in the treatment of progressive MS. This article summarizes challenges in diagnosis and management, discusses novel treatment strategies and highlights the importance of establishing a clear diagnosis and instituting an interdisciplinary management plan in the care of patients with progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Katayoun Alikhani
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tania Bruno
- Division of Physiatry, Department of Medicine, University Health Network - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4G 1R7, Canada
| | - Virginia Devonshire
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia MS/NMO Center, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Paul S Giacomini
- Department of Neurology, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Fabrizio Giuliani
- Division of Neurology, Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | | | - Robyn Schecter
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada, Montreal, QC H9S 1A9, Canada
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Romano S, Ferraldeschi M, Bagnato F, Mechelli R, Morena E, Caldano M, Buscarinu MC, Fornasiero A, Frontoni M, Nociti V, Mirabella M, Mayer F, Bertolotto A, Pozzilli C, Vanacore N, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Drug Holiday of Interferon Beta 1b in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot, Randomized, Single Blind Study of Non-inferiority. Front Neurol 2019; 10:695. [PMID: 31379701 PMCID: PMC6646514 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To compare a schedule with cyclic withdrawal (CW) of interferon beta (IFN-b) 1b, respect to the full regimen (FR), in relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS). Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to CW or FR schedule and monthly monitored with brain MRI scans for 12 months (three of run-in and 9 of treatment). CW schedule included drug withdrawal for 1 month after two of treatment for a total of three quarters over the 9-month treatment period. The assessing neurologist and the expert neuroradiologists were blind. After the blind phase of the study all participants took their indicated disease modifying therapies in a prospectively planned, open-label extension phase (up to 120 months). Results: Of 60 randomized subjects 56 (29 in FR and 27 in CW group) completed the single-blind phase: the two groups were comparable, except for a non-significant difference in the number of contrast-enhanced lesions (CEL) at the end of run-in. The two-sided 90% CI for the ratio between median number of cumulative CEL was 0.29–1.07, allowing to significantly reject the null hypothesis of a ratio ≥1.2 and to meet the primary end-point of non-inferiority (the threshold and the ratio between median were chosen according to the non-normal distribution of the data). The differences (CW vs. FR) were also non-significant for secondary end points: mean cumulative number of T2-weighted new and enlarging lesions (3.48 ± 5.34 vs. 3.86 ± 6.76); mean number and volume (cm3) of black holes (1.24 ± 1.61 vs. 2.71 ± 4.56; 489.11 ± 1488.12 vs. 204.48 ± 396.98); number of patients with at least an active scan (21 vs. 22); mean relapse rate (0.52 ± 0.89 vs. 0.34 ± 0.66), relapse risk ratio adjusted for baseline variables (2.15 [0.64–7.18]), EDSS score (1.0 [1–1.56] vs. 1.5 [1–1.78]), proportion of patients with antibodies anti-IFN (5 [21%] vs. 8 [36%]). Fifty-four patients (27 for each study arm) completed the open-label phase. The annualized RR, EDSS, proportion of patients shifting to progressive disease and hazard ratio of shifting, adjusting for baseline covariates, were comparable between the two study groups. Conclusions: A calendar with CW was non-inferior than FR at the beginning of IFN-b therapy, and may not affect the long-term outcome. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT00270816
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Romano
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Ferraldeschi
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bagnato
- Neuroimmunology Division, Department of Neurology, Neuroimaging Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Morena
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Caldano
- Neurologia - Centro Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, San Luigi Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Fornasiero
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Frontoni
- D.A.I. Neurosciences and Mental Health, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Nociti
- Università Cattolica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli, " Rome, Italy.,Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Mayer
- National Centre of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Bertolotto
- Neurologia - Centro Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, San Luigi Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Pozzilli
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Vanacore
- National Centre of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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8
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Imaging the execution phase of neuroinflammatory disease models. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112968. [PMID: 31152743 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vivo imaging of the rodent spinal cord has advanced our understanding of how resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS) respond to neuroinflammation. By combining two-photon imaging and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most widely used rodent model of multiple sclerosis (MS), it has been possible, for example, to study how axons degenerate when confronted with inflammatory cells, how oligodendrocytes get damaged in inflammatory lesions, and how immune cells themselves adapt their phenotype and functionality to the changing lesion environment. Similar approaches are now increasingly used to study other forms of neuroinflammation, such as antibody/complement-mediated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD). To tackle the most pressing open questions in the field, new biosensors and indicator mice that report the metabolic state and interaction of cells in neuroinflammatory lesions are being developed. Moreover, the field is moving towards new anatomical sites of inflammation, such as the cortical gray matter, but also towards longer observation intervals to reveal the chronic perturbations and adaptations that characterize advanced stages of MS.
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9
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Mojaverrostami S, Bojnordi MN, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Hamidabadi HG. A Review of Herbal Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:575-590. [PMID: 30607330 PMCID: PMC6311642 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a complex autoimmune disorder which characterized by demyelination and axonal loss in the central nervous system (CNS). Several evidences indicate that some new drugs and stem cell therapy have opened a new horizon for multiple sclerosis treatment, but current therapies are partially effective or not safe in the long term. Recently, herbal therapies represent a promising therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis disease. Here, we consider the potential benefits of some herbal compounds on different aspects of multiple sclerosis disease. The medicinal plants and their derivatives; Ginkgo biloba, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Nigella sativa,Piper methysticum, Crocus sativus, Panax ginseng, Boswellia papyrifera, Vitis vinifera, Gastrodia elata, Camellia sinensis, Oenothera biennis, MS14 and Cannabis sativa have been informed to have several therapeutic effects in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mojaverrostami
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Behshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behshahr, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazm Bojnordi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hatef Ghasemi Hamidabadi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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10
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Annibali V, Umeton R, Palermo A, Severa M, Etna MP, Giglio S, Romano S, Ferraldeschi M, Buscarinu MC, Vecchione A, Annese A, Policano C, Mechelli R, Pizzolato Umeton R, Fornasiero A, Angelini DF, Guerrera G, Battistini L, Coccia EM, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Analysis of coding and non-coding transcriptome of peripheral B cells reveals an altered interferon response factor (IRF)-1 pathway in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:165-171. [PMID: 30270021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Several evidences emphasize B-cell pathogenic roles in multiple sclerosis (MS). We performed transcriptome analyses on peripheral B cells from therapy-free patients and age/sex-matched controls. Down-regulation of two transcripts (interferon response factor 1-IRF1, and C-X-C motif chemokine 10-CXCL10), belonging to the same pathway, was validated by RT-PCR in 26 patients and 21 controls. IRF1 and CXCL10 transcripts share potential seeding sequences for hsa-miR-424, that resulted up-regulated in MS patients. We confirmed this interaction and its functional effect by transfection experiments. Consistent findings indicate down-regulation of IRF1/CXCL10 axis, that may plausibly contribute to a pro-survival status of B cells in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Annibali
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Umeton
- Department of Informatics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Antonia Palermo
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Calabria
| | - Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Paola Etna
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Giglio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Ferraldeschi
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anita Annese
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Policano
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Fornasiero
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Eliana Marina Coccia
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed (M.S.), Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Connick P, De Angelis F, Parker RA, Plantone D, Doshi A, John N, Stutters J, MacManus D, Prados Carrasco F, Barkhof F, Ourselin S, Braisher M, Ross M, Cranswick G, Pavitt SH, Giovannoni G, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Hawkins C, Sharrack B, Bastow R, Weir CJ, Stallard N, Chandran S, Chataway J. Multiple Sclerosis-Secondary Progressive Multi-Arm Randomisation Trial (MS-SMART): a multiarm phase IIb randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy of three neuroprotective drugs in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021944. [PMID: 30166303 PMCID: PMC6119433 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The major unmet need in multiple sclerosis (MS) is for neuroprotective therapies that can slow (or ideally stop) the rate of disease progression. The UK MS Society Clinical Trials Network (CTN) was initiated in 2007 with the purpose of developing a national, efficient, multiarm trial of repurposed drugs. Key underpinning work was commissioned by the CTN to inform the design, outcome selection and drug choice including animal models and a systematic review. This identified seven leading oral agents for repurposing as neuroprotective therapies in secondary progressive MS (SPMS). The purpose of the Multiple Sclerosis-Secondary Progressive Multi-Arm Randomisation Trial (MS-SMART) will be to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of three of these drugs, selected with distinct mechanistic actions and previous evidence of likely efficacy, against a common placebo arm. The interventions chosen were: amiloride (acid-sensing ion channel antagonist); fluoxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and riluzole (glutamate antagonist). METHODS AND ANALYSIS Patients with progressing SPMS will be randomised 1:1:1:1 to amiloride, fluoxetine, riluzole or matched placebo and followed for 96 weeks. The primary outcome will be the percentage brain volume change (PBVC) between baseline and 96 weeks, derived from structural MR brain imaging data using the Structural Image Evaluation, using Normalisation, of Atrophy method. With a sample size of 90 per arm, this will give 90% power to detect a 40% reduction in PBVC in any active arm compared with placebo and 80% power to detect a 35% reduction (analysing by analysis of covariance and with adjustment for multiple comparisons of three 1.67% two-sided tests), giving a 5% overall two-sided significance level. MS-SMART is not powered to detect differences between the three active treatment arms. Allowing for a 20% dropout rate, 110 patients per arm will be randomised. The study will take place at Neuroscience centres in England and Scotland. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION MS-SMART was approved by the Scotland A Research Ethics Committee on 13 January 2013 (REC reference: 13/SS/0007). Results of the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT01910259; 2012-005394-31; ISRCTN28440672.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Connick
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Floriana De Angelis
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Richard A Parker
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Domenico Plantone
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anisha Doshi
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Nevin John
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Stutters
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - David MacManus
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ferran Prados Carrasco
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Translational Imaging Group (TIG), Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), UCL, London, UK
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Translational Imaging Group (TIG), Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), UCL, London, UK
| | - Marie Braisher
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Moira Ross
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gina Cranswick
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sue H Pavitt
- Dental Translational and Clinical Research Unit (part of the NIHR Leeds CRF), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Angela Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Brain MRI 3T Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clive Hawkins
- Keele Medical School and Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Basil Sharrack
- Department of Neuroscience, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Christopher J Weir
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nigel Stallard
- Statistics and Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Chataway
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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12
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Zaratin P, Comi G, Leppert D. 'Progressive MS - macro views': The need for novel clinical trial paradigms to enable drug development for progressive MS. Mult Scler 2018; 23:1649-1655. [PMID: 29041866 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517729457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article outlines the principal challenges to establish a standard phase-2 approach for progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) and presents referring strategies to accelerate the registration process via a guidance approved by regulatory agencies. Accordingly, the contribution of 'big datasets' for a better understanding of the natural history of primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and of their prognostic factors and the value of novel biomarkers are discussed. The establishment of new industry-academic initiatives, such as independent consortia under the umbrella of Progressive MS Alliance (PMSA), with the endorsement of MS organizations and Scientific Societies (e.g. European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS)) may be crucial to overcome some of the current challenges. Within this frame, the continuous interaction with regulatory agencies is instrumental for the formal validation of the many developments suitable to improve clinical trialling in PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zaratin
- Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Comi
- Department of Neurology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - D Leppert
- Neuroscience Development Unit, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Thompson AJ, Baranzini SE, Geurts J, Hemmer B, Ciccarelli O. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2018; 391:1622-1636. [PMID: 29576504 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1095] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis continues to be a challenging and disabling condition but there is now greater understanding of the underlying genetic and environmental factors that drive the condition, including low vitamin D levels, cigarette smoking, and obesity. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial and is supported by diagnostic criteria, incorporating imaging and spinal fluid abnormalities for those presenting with a clinically isolated syndrome. Importantly, there is an extensive therapeutic armamentarium, both oral and by infusion, for those with the relapsing remitting form of the disease. Careful consideration is required when choosing the correct treatment, balancing the side-effect profile with efficacy and escalating as clinically appropriate. This move towards more personalised medicine is supported by a clinical guideline published in 2018. Finally, a comprehensive management programme is strongly recommended for all patients with multiple sclerosis, enhancing health-related quality of life through advocating wellness, addressing aggravating factors, and managing comorbidities. The greatest remaining challenge for multiple sclerosis is the development of treatments incorporating neuroprotection and remyelination to treat and ultimately prevent the disabling, progressive forms of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Thompson
- Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeroen Geurts
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Ciccarelli
- Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Understanding the mechanisms underlying progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) and identifying appropriate therapeutic targets is a key challenge facing the MS community. This challenge has been championed internationally by organizations such as the Progressive MS Alliance, which has raised the profile of progressive MS and identified the key obstacles to treatment. This review will outline the considerable progress against these challenges. RECENT FINDINGS New insights into mechanisms underlying progression have opened up potential therapeutic opportunities. This has been complemented by ongoing validation of clinical and imaging outcomes for Phase II trials of progression, coupled with the development of innovative trial designs. The field has been greatly encouraged by recent positive Phase III trials in both primary and secondary progressive MS, albeit with modest benefit. Early trials of neuroprotection and repair have provided important new data with which to drive the field. Improving symptom management and advancing rehabilitation approaches, critical for this patient population which, taken together with identifying and managing comorbidities and risk factors, has an appreciable impact on health-related quality of life. SUMMARY Raising the profile of progressive MS has resulted in the first effective treatments with the promise of more to come.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite major progress in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment, to date, accumulation of irreversible clinical disability is not sufficiently prevented with immunotherapies. In this context, repair strategies aimed at reducing axonal damage are becoming a very active field of preclinical and clinical research. RECENT FINDINGS Improved understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of myelin repair, together with the emergence of new therapeutic candidates are paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies in MS. In parallel, there is a very active development of imaging methods to assess lesions ongoing remyelination that are crucially needed to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. SUMMARY The current development of a very dynamic and multidisciplinary research on remyelination should accelerate the development of myelin repair strategies in MS, to prevent disability progression.
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16
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Disulfiram and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Upregulate miR-30a to Suppress IL-17-Associated Autoimmune Inflammation. J Neurosci 2017; 36:9253-66. [PMID: 27581464 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4587-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED T-helper 17 (Th17) cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune demyelinating disease that affects the CNS. In the present study, MicroRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) was performed in mouse Th0 and Th17 cells to determine the critical miRNAs that are related to Th17 differentiation. We found that miR-30a was significantly downregulated during mouse Th17 differentiation. In addition, the level of miR-30a in CD4(+) T cells from peripheral blood of MS patients and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal models was also decreased and inversely correlated with the expression of interleukin 17a, the canonical cytokine of Th17 cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-30a inhibited Th17 differentiation and prevented the full development of EAE, whereas interference of miR-30a promoted Th17 differentiation. Mechanism studies showed that miR-30a reduced IRF4 expression by specifically binding with the 3'-untranslated region. Through screening of 640 different Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, we found that disulfiram and diphenhydramine hydrochloride were effective candidates for inhibiting Th17 differentiation and ameliorating EAE development through upregulating miR-30a. To our knowledge, the present work is not only the first miRNA-seq study focusing on Th17 differentiation, but also the first chemical screening for FDA-approved drugs that inhibit Th17 differentiation through regulating miRNA expression. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The present work is the first miRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) study focusing on T-helper 17 (Th17) differentiation. By miRNA deep sequencing, we found that miR-30a was downregulated during Th17 differentiation. miR-30a was also decreased in CD4(+) T cells from multiple sclerosis patients and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. miR-30a reduced IRF4 expression by specific binding with the 3'-untranslated region and thus suppressed Th17 differentiation and prevented the full development of EAE. Interestingly, by performing a chemical screen with Food and Drug Administration-approved small-molecule drugs, we found that disulfiram and diphenhydramine upregulated miR-30a and suppressed Th17-associated autoimmune demyelination.
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17
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't Hart BA, Dunham J, Faber BW, Laman JD, van Horssen J, Bauer J, Kap YS. A B Cell-Driven Autoimmune Pathway Leading to Pathological Hallmarks of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis in the Marmoset Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model. Front Immunol 2017; 8:804. [PMID: 28744286 PMCID: PMC5504154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of pathological hallmarks of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) in commonly used rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) hinders the development of adequate treatments for progressive disease. Work reviewed here shows that such hallmarks are present in the EAE model in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus). The minimal requirement for induction of progressive MS pathology is immunization with a synthetic peptide representing residues 34–56 from human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) formulated with a mineral oil [incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA)]. Pathological aspects include demyelination of cortical gray matter with microglia activation, oxidative stress, and redistribution of iron. When the peptide is formulated in complete Freund’s adjuvant, which contains mycobacteria that relay strong activation signals to myeloid cells, oxidative damage pathways are strongly boosted leading to more intensive pathology. The proven absence of immune potentiating danger signals in the MOG34–56/IFA formulation implies that a narrow population of antigen-experienced T cells present in the monkey’s immune repertoire is activated. This novel pathway involves the interplay of lymphocryptovirus-infected B cells with MHC class Ib/Caja-E restricted CD8+ CD56+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jordon Dunham
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bart W Faber
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands.,MS Center Noord-Nederland, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jack van Horssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Bauer
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Brain Research Institute, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yolanda S Kap
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands
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18
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Kapoor R. Advanced MRI measures like DTI or fMRI should be outcome measures in future clinical trials - YES. Mult Scler 2017; 23:1454-1455. [PMID: 28664789 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517713344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kapoor
- The Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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19
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Sihra N, Gibson S, Bradley L. Meeting the clinical needs of patients with progressive multiple sclerosis. Clin Med (Lond) 2017; 17:286. [PMID: 28572236 PMCID: PMC6297561 DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.17-3-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sihra
- St Richard's Hospital, Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chichester, UK
| | - Stuart Gibson
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Lloyd Bradley
- St Richard's Hospital, Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chichester, UK
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20
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Eleuteri C, Olla S, Veroni C, Umeton R, Mechelli R, Romano S, Buscarinu MC, Ferrari F, Calò G, Ristori G, Salvetti M, Agresti C. A staged screening of registered drugs highlights remyelinating drug candidates for clinical trials. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45780. [PMID: 28387380 PMCID: PMC5384285 DOI: 10.1038/srep45780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no treatment for the myelin loss in multiple sclerosis, ultimately resulting in the axonal degeneration that leads to the progressive phase of the disease. We established a multi-tiered platform for the sequential screening of drugs that could be repurposed as remyelinating agents. We screened a library of 2,000 compounds (mainly Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounds and natural products) for cellular metabolic activity on mouse oligodendrocyte precursors (OPC), identifying 42 molecules with significant stimulating effects. We then characterized the effects of these compounds on OPC proliferation and differentiation in mouse glial cultures, and on myelination and remyelination in organotypic cultures. Three molecules, edaravone, 5-methyl-7-methoxyisoflavone and lovastatin, gave positive results in all screening tiers. We validated the results by retesting independent stocks of the compounds, analyzing their purity, and performing dose-response curves. To identify the chemical features that may be modified to enhance the compounds' activity, we tested chemical analogs and identified, for edaravone, the functional groups that may be essential for its activity. Among the selected remyelinating candidates, edaravone appears to be of strong interest, also considering that this drug has been approved as a neuroprotective agent for acute ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Eleuteri
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - S. Olla
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - C. Veroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - R. Umeton
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - R. Mechelli
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - S. Romano
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - MC. Buscarinu
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - F. Ferrari
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G. Calò
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G. Ristori
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - M. Salvetti
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - C. Agresti
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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21
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Geraldes R, Esiri MM, DeLuca GC, Palace J. Age-related small vessel disease: a potential contributor to neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathol 2017; 27:707-722. [PMID: 27864848 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system wherein, after an initial phase of transient neurological defects, slow neurological deterioration due to progressive neuronal loss ensues. Age is a major determinant of MS progression onset and disability. Over the past years, several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the key drivers of neurodegeneration and disability accumulation in MS. However, the effect of commonly encountered age-related cerebral vessel disease, namely small vessel disease (SVD), has been largely neglected and constitutes the aim of this review. SVD shares some features with MS, that is, white matter demyelination and brain atrophy, and has been shown to contribute to the neuronal damage seen in vascular cognitive impairment. Several lines of evidence suggest that an interaction between MS and SVD may influence MS-related neurodegeneration. SVD may contribute to hypoperfusion, reduced vascular reactivity and tissue hypoxia, features seen in MS. Venule and endothelium abnormalities have been documented in MS but the role of arterioles and of other neurovascular unit structures, such as the pericyte, has not been explored. Vascular risk factors (VRF) have recently been associated with faster progression in MS, though the mechanisms are unclear since very few studies have addressed the impact of VRF and SVD on MS imaging and pathology outcomes. Therapeutic agents targeting the microvasculature and the neurovascular unit may impact both SVD and MS and may benefit patients with dual pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Geraldes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Margaret M Esiri
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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22
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Ineichen BV, Weinmann O, Good N, Plattner PS, Wicki C, Rushing EJ, Linnebank M, Schwab ME. Sudan black: a fast, easy and non-toxic method to assess myelin repair in demyelinating diseases. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2017; 43:242-251. [PMID: 28009439 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The search for novel drugs that enhance myelin repair in entities such as multiple sclerosis has top priority in neurological research, not least because remyelination can hinder further neurodegeneration in neuro-inflammatory conditions. Recently, several new compounds with the potential to boost remyelination have been identified using high-throughput in vitro screening methods. However, assessing their potential to enhance remyelination in vivo using plastic embedded semi-thin sections or electron microscopy, even though being the gold standard for assessing remyelination, is toxic, extremely time-consuming and expensive. METHODS We screened available myelin dyes for a staining candidate which offers a faster and easier alternative to visualize remyelination in cryo-sections. RESULTS We identified sudan black as a candidate with excellent myelin resolution and we show that our adapted sudan black staining can demonstrate myelin repair in rodent spinal cord cryosections as reliable as in semithin sections, but much faster, easier, less toxic and less expensive. Besides that, it can resolve the small myelinated axons in the corpus callosum. The staining can yet readily be combined with immunostainings which can be challenging in semithin sections. We validated the method in human spinal cord tissue as well as in experimental demyelination of the rat spinal cord by a lysolecithin time course experiment. As proof-of-principle, we demonstrate that sudan black is able to reliably detect the remyelination enhancing properties of benztropine. CONCLUSION Our adapted sudan black staining can be used to rapidly and non-toxically screen for remyelinating therapies in demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin V Ineichen
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Weinmann
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Good
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia S Plattner
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carla Wicki
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth J Rushing
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Linnebank
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Pilutti LA, Edwards TA. Is Exercise Training Beneficial in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis? Int J MS Care 2017; 19:105-112. [PMID: 32607069 PMCID: PMC7313408 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2016-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is substantial evidence for the benefits of exercise training in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). These benefits, however, have primarily been established in the early, relapsing disease phase or are derived from heterogeneous MS samples (ie, relapsing and progressive MS). This makes it challenging to determine whether the consequences of exercise training are similar in the relapsing and progressive disease courses. The role of exercise training in progressive MS is far less clear. This study examined the potential role of exercise training in people with progressive MS. METHODS We review the current evidence from studies examining conventional exercise training modalities (eg, cycle ergometry) as well as specialized exercise training approaches (eg, functional electrical stimulation cycling) in samples involving exclusively individuals with progressive MS. RESULTS The evidence reviewed from nine trials provides preliminary support for the benefits of exercise training with regard to fitness, symptom, and quality of life outcomes in progressive MS, although these data are currently limited and at times conflicting. CONCLUSIONS Considering the prevalence of progressive MS (ie, 1 million people worldwide), the lack of effective treatment options, and the considerable frustration of researchers, clinicians, and patients, we believe that exercise training represents a viable therapeutic option worthy of further consideration. Future research should involve well-designed, randomized clinical trials with appropriate sample sizes and control conditions to establish the safety, feasibility, and therapeutic efficacy of exercise training in progressive MS.
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24
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Kasarełło K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Członkowski A, Mirowska-Guzel D. Mechanism of action of three newly registered drugs for multiple sclerosis treatment. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:702-708. [PMID: 28550802 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of suspected autoimmune origin leading to neurodegeneration. The disease pathomechanism is considered to be primarily based on neuroinflammation directed against myelin antigens caused by autoreactive T cells. MS etiology remains still unknown, which makes it difficult to create an efficient therapy, therefore, MS treatment targets mechanisms involved in disease pathology. In this review, we present the mechanism of action of three newly registered drugs for MS. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an agent presenting a broad spectrum of action. Its main activity is based on activating the nuclear factor E2 dependent pathway leading to antioxidant enzyme synthesis. DMF in general suppresses the pro-inflammatory immune activity and exerts a neuroprotective action. Teriflunomide is a more focused drug, acting as an inhibitor of pyrimidines synthesis, important for rapidly dividing cells such as activated lymphocytes. Similarly, alemtuzumab, an anti-CD52 antibody, causes depletion of mainly lymphocytes. Since in MS pathology, T and B cells are involved, this mode of action is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Kasarełło
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Członkowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland; Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warszawa, Poland.
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25
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Magalon K, Le Grand M, El Waly B, Moulis M, Pruss R, Bordet T, Cayre M, Belenguer P, Carré M, Durbec P. Olesoxime favors oligodendrocyte differentiation through a functional interplay between mitochondria and microtubules. Neuropharmacology 2016; 111:293-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Fox RJ. Inadequate outcome measures are the biggest impediment to successful clinical trials in progressive MS – NO. Mult Scler 2016; 23:506-508. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458516671205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Fox
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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27
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Gentile A, Musella A, Bullitta S, Fresegna D, De Vito F, Fantozzi R, Piras E, Gargano F, Borsellino G, Battistini L, Schubart A, Mandolesi G, Centonze D. Siponimod (BAF312) prevents synaptic neurodegeneration in experimental multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:207. [PMID: 27566665 PMCID: PMC5002118 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data from multiple sclerosis (MS) and the MS rodent model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), highlighted an inflammation-dependent synaptopathy at the basis of the neurodegenerative damage causing irreversible disability in these disorders. This synaptopathy is characterized by an imbalance between glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission and has been proposed to be a potential therapeutic target. Siponimod (BAF312), a selective sphingosine 1-phosphate1,5 receptor modulator, is currently under investigation in a clinical trial in secondary progressive MS patients. We investigated whether siponimod, in addition to its peripheral immune modulation, may exert direct neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice with chronic progressive EAE. Methods Minipumps allowing continuous intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of siponimod for 4 weeks were implanted into C57BL/6 mice subjected to MOG35-55-induced EAE. Electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, western blot, qPCR experiments, and peripheral lymphocyte counts were performed. In addition, the effect of siponimod on activated microglia was assessed in vitro to confirm the direct effect of the drug on CNS-resident immune cells. Results Siponimod administration (0.45 μg/day) induced a significant beneficial effect on EAE clinical scores with minimal effect on peripheral lymphocyte counts. Siponimod rescued defective GABAergic transmission in the striatum of EAE, without correcting the EAE-induced alterations of glutamatergic transmission. We observed a significant attenuation of astrogliosis and microgliosis together with reduced lymphocyte infiltration in the striatum of EAE mice treated with siponimod. Interestingly, siponimod reduced the release of IL-6 and RANTES from activated microglial cells in vitro, which might explain the reduced lymphocyte infiltration. Furthermore, the loss of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) GABAergic interneurons typical of EAE brains was rescued by siponimod treatment, providing a plausible explanation of the selective effects of this drug on inhibitory synaptic transmission. Conclusions Altogether, our results show that siponimod has neuroprotective effects in the CNS of EAE mice, which are likely independent of its peripheral immune effect, suggesting that this drug could be effective in limiting neurodegenerative pathological processes in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Gentile
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Musella
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bullitta
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Fresegna
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Vito
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Fantozzi
- Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piras
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia-CERC, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gargano
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia-CERC, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia-CERC, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Schubart
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Mandolesi
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Transmission, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Diego Centonze
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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28
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Zaratin P, Comi G, Coetzee T, Ramsey K, Smith K, Thompson A, Panzara M. Progressive MS Alliance Industry Forum: Maximizing Collective Impact To Enable Drug Development. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:808-810. [PMID: 27554755 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Progressive MS Alliance Industry Forum describes a new approach to address barriers to developing treatments for progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). This innovative model promises to facilitate robust collaboration between industry, academia, and patient organizations and accelerate research towards the overarching goal of developing safe and effective treatments for progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zaratin
- Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy.
| | - G Comi
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - T Coetzee
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society, New York, USA
| | - K Ramsey
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society, New York, USA
| | - K Smith
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society, New York, USA
| | - A Thompson
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Panzara
- WAVE Life Sciences, 733 Concord Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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29
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Comi G. Preface. Mult Scler 2016; 22:2-3. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458516650745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Comi
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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30
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Pérez-Cerdá F, Sánchez-Gómez MV, Matute C. The link of inflammation and neurodegeneration in progressive multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40893-016-0012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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31
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32
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Neunert C, Farah R, Yacobovich J, Neufeld E. Refractory autoimmune disease: an overview of when first-line therapy is not enough. Semin Hematol 2016; 53 Suppl 1:S35-8. [PMID: 27312162 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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33
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Ciccarelli O, Thompson A. Multiple sclerosis in 2015: Managing the complexity of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2016; 12:70-2. [PMID: 26823149 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ciccarelli
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University College London Institute of Neurology and National Institute for Health Research UCL Hospitals-UCL Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Square, BOX 9, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Alan Thompson
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University College London Institute of Neurology and National Institute for Health Research UCL Hospitals-UCL Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Square, BOX 9, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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